Growth variability of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) natural forests: Dendroclimatic study from Krkonoše National Park

Andreassen, K., Solberg, S., Tveito, O. E., Lystad, S. L., 2006: Regional differences in climatic responses of Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst) growth in Norway. Forest Ecology and Management, 222:211–221.10.1016/j.foreco.2005.10.029Search in Google Scholar

Biondi, F., Waikul, K., 2004: DENDROCLIM2002AC++ program for statistical calibration of climate signals in tree-ring chronologies. Computers & Geosciences, 30:303–311.10.1016/j.cageo.2003.11.004Search in Google Scholar

Bolte, A., Hilbrig, L., Grundmann, B., Kampf, F., Brunet, J., Roloff, A., 2010: Climate change impacts on stand structure and competitive interactions in a southern Swedish spruce-beech forest. European Journal of Forest Research, 129:261–276.10.1007/s10342-009-0323-1Search in Google Scholar

Bošeľa, M., Štefančík, I., Petráš, R., Vacek, S., 2016: The effects of climate warming on the growth of European beech forests depend critically on thinning strategy and site productivity. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 222:21–31.10.1016/j.agrformet.2016.03.005Search in Google Scholar

Brázdil, R., Trnka, M., Miksovský, J., Tolasz, R., Dobrovolný, P., Reznícková, L. et al., 2017: Drought events in the Czech Republic: past, present, future. In: 19th EGU General Assembly, proceedings from the conference held 23–28 April, 2017 in Vienna, Austria, 19285 p.Search in Google Scholar

Brázdil, R., Stucki, P., Szabó, P., Řezníčková, L., Dolák, L., Dobrovolný, P. et al., 2018: Windstorms and forest disturbances in the Czech Lands: 1801–2015. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 250:47–63.10.1016/j.agrformet.2017.11.036Search in Google Scholar

Bridgman, H. A., Davies, T. D., Jickells, T., Hunova, I., Tovey, K., Bridges, K. et al., 2002: Air pollution in the Krusne Hory region, Czech Republic during the 1990s. Atmospheric Environment, 36:3375–3389.10.1016/S1352-2310(02)00317-5Search in Google Scholar

Bunn, A., Korpela, M., 2018a: Time Series Analysis in dplR, 14 p.Search in Google Scholar

Bunn, A., Korpela, M., 2018b: Chronology Building in dplR, 13 p.Search in Google Scholar

Bytnerowicz, A., Omasa, K., Paoletti, E., 2007: Integrated effects of air pollution and climate change on forests: A northern hemisphere perspective. Environmental Pollution, 147:438–445.10.1016/j.envpol.2006.08.02817034915Search in Google Scholar

Cavin, L., Jump, A. S., 2017: Highest drought sensitivity and lowest resistance to growth suppression are found in the range core of the tree Fagus sylvatica L. not the equatorial range edge. Global Change Biology, 23:362–379.10.1111/gcb.1336627298138Search in Google Scholar

Christensen, M., Hahn, K., Mountford, E. P., Ódor, P., Standovár, T., Rozenberger, D. J. et al., 2005: Dead wood in European beech (Fagus sylvatica) forest reserves. Forest Ecology and Management, 210:267–282.10.1016/j.foreco.2005.02.032Search in Google Scholar

Cicák, A., Mihál, I., Tsakov, H., Petkov, P., 2006: Actual status of the beech bark necrotic disease in North Western Bulgaria. Journal of Forest Science, 52:226–232.10.17221/4505-JFSSearch in Google Scholar

Dittmar, C., Zech, W., Elling, W., 2003: Growth variations of Common beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) under different climatic and environmental conditions in Europe—a dendroecological study. Forest Ecology and Management, 173:63–78.10.1016/S0378-1127(01)00816-7Search in Google Scholar

Drobyshev, I., Övergaard, R., Saygin, I., Niklasson, M., Hickler, T., Karlsson, M. et al., 2010: Masting behaviour and dendrochronology of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) in southern Sweden. Forest Ecology and Management, 259:2160–2171.10.1016/j.foreco.2010.01.037Search in Google Scholar

Dulamsuren, C., Hauck, M., Kopp, G., Ruff, M., Leuschner, C., 2017: European beech responds to climate change with growth decline at lower, and growth increase at higher elevations in the center of its distribution range (SW Germany). Trees - Structure and Function, 31:673–686.10.1007/s00468-016-1499-xSearch in Google Scholar

Dyderski, M. K., Paź, S., Frelich, L. E., Jagodziński, A. M., 2018: How much does climate change threaten European forest tree species distributions? Global Change Biology, 24:1150–1163.10.1111/gcb.1392528991410Search in Google Scholar

Filippo, A. D. I., Biondi, F., Maugeri, M., 2012: Bioclimate and growth history affect beech lifespan in the Italian Alps and Apennines. Global Change Biology, 18:960–972.10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02617.xSearch in Google Scholar

Gavin, D. G., Peart, D. R., 1993: Effects of beech bark disease on the growth of American beech (Fagus grandifolia). Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 23:1566–1575.10.1139/x93-197Search in Google Scholar

Geßler, A., Keitel, C., Matyssek, R., Seiler, W., Rennenberg, H., 2007: Potential risks for European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) in a changing climate Potential risks for European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.). Trees, 21:1–11.10.1007/s00468-006-0107-xSearch in Google Scholar

Granier, A., Reichstein, M., Bréda, N., Janssens, I. A., Falge, E., Ciais, P., 2007: Evidence for soil water control on carbon and water dynamics in European forests during the extremely dry year: 2003. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 143:123–145.10.1016/j.agrformet.2006.12.004Search in Google Scholar

Hartl-Meier, C., Zang, C., Büntgen, U., Esper, J., Rothe, A., Göttlein, A. et al., 2018: Uniform climate sensitivity in tree-ring stable isotopes across species and sites in a mid-latitude temperate forest. Tree Physiology, 35:4–15.10.1093/treephys/tpu09625466725Search in Google Scholar

Hauck, M., Zimmermann, J., Jacob, M., Dulamsuren, C., Bade, C., Ahrends, B. et al., 2012: Rapid recovery of stem increment in Norway spruce at reduced SO₂ levels in the Harz Mountains, Germany. Environmental Pollution, 164:132–141.10.1016/j.envpol.2012.01.02622361051Search in Google Scholar

Holuša, J., Lubojacký, J., Čurn, V., Tonka, T., Lukášová, K., Horák, J., 2018: Combined effects of drought stress and Armillaria infection on tree mortality in Norway spruce plantations. Forest Ecology and Management, 427:434–455.10.1016/j.foreco.2018.01.031Search in Google Scholar

Hůnová, I., Schreiberová, M., 2012: Ambient ozone phytotoxic potential over the Czech forests as assessed by AOT40. iForest-Biogeosciences and Forestry, 5:153.10.3832/ifor0617-005Search in Google Scholar

IFER 2017: Field-Map Software & Hardware Catalogue – www.fieldmap.com. IFER – Monitoring and Mapping Solutions, Ltd., Jílové u Prahy, 51 p.Search in Google Scholar

Janík, D., Král, K., Adam, D., Hort, L., Samonil, P., Unar, P. et al., 2016: Tree spatial patterns of Fagus sylvatica expansion over 37years. Forest Ecology and Management, 375:134–145.10.1016/j.foreco.2016.05.017Search in Google Scholar

Ježík, M., Blaženec, M., Kučera, J., Střelcová, K., Ditmarová, L., 2016: The response of intra-annual stem circumference increase of young European beech provenances to 2012–2014 weather variability. IForest, 9:960–969.10.3832/ifor1829-009Search in Google Scholar

Jump, A. S., Hunt, J. M., Penuelas, J., 2006: Rapid climate change-related growth decline at the southern range edge of Fagus sylvatica. Global Change Biology, 12:2163–2174.10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01250.xSearch in Google Scholar

Kasson, M. T., Livingston, W. H., 2009: Spatial distribution of Neonectria species associated with beech bark disease in northern Maine. Mycologia, 101:190–195.10.3852/08-165Search in Google Scholar

Kasson, M. T., Livingston, W. H., 2012: Relationships among beech bark disease, climate, radial growth response and mortality of American beech in northern Maine, USA. Forest Pathology, 42:199–212.10.1111/j.1439-0329.2011.00742.xSearch in Google Scholar

Kolář, T., Čermák, P., Oulehle, F., Trnka, M., Štěpánek, P., Cudlín, P. et al., 2015: Pollution control enhanced spruce growth in the “Black Triangle” near the Czech–Polish border. Science of the Total Environment, 538:703–711.10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.08.105Search in Google Scholar

Kooijman, A. M., Emmer, I. M., Fanta, J., Sevink, J., 2000: Natural regeneration potential of the degraded Krkonoše forests. Land Degradation and Development, 11:459–473.10.1002/1099-145X(200009/10)11:5<459::AID-LDR407>3.0.CO;2-FSearch in Google Scholar

Köse, N., Güner, H. T., 2012: The effect of temperature and precipitation on the intra-annual radial growth of Fagus orientalis Lipsky in Artvin, Turkey. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 36:501–509.10.3906/tar-1109-4Search in Google Scholar

Král, J., Vacek, S., Vacek, Z., Putalová, T., Bulušek, D., Štefančík, I., 2015: Structure, development and health status of spruce forests affected by air pollution in the western Krkonoše Mts. in 1979–2014. Lesnícky časopis - Forestry Journal, 61:175–187.10.1515/forj-2015-0026Search in Google Scholar

Králíček, I., Vacek, Z., Vacek, S., Remeš, J., Bulušek, D., Král, J. et al., 2017: Dynamics and structure of mountain autochthonous spruce-beech forests: Impact of hilltop phenomenon, air pollutants and climate. Dendrobiology, 77:119–137.10.12657/denbio.077.010Search in Google Scholar

Kramer, K., Degen, B., Buschbom, J., Hickler, T., Thuiller, W., Sykes, M. T. et al., 2010: Modelling exploration of the future of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) under climate change–range, abundance, genetic diversity and adaptive response. Forest Ecology and Management, 259:2213–2222.10.1016/j.foreco.2009.12.023Search in Google Scholar

Kroupová, M., 2002: Dendroecological study of spruce growth in regions under long-term air pollution load. Journal of Forest Science, 48:536–548.10.17221/11921-JFSSearch in Google Scholar

Lindner, M., Maroschek, M., Netherer, S., Kremer, A., Barbati, A., Garcia-Gonzalo, J. et al., 2010: Climate change impacts, adaptive capacity, and vulnerability of European forest ecosystems. Forest Ecology and Management, 259:698–709.10.1016/j.foreco.2009.09.023Search in Google Scholar

Ling, K. A., Power, S. A., Ashmore, M. R., 1993: A survey of the health of Fagus sylvatica in southern Britain. Journal of Applied Ecology, 30:295–306.10.2307/2404631Search in Google Scholar

Lokvenc, T., 1978: Toulky krkonošskou minulostí. Kruh, Hradec Králové, 267 p.Search in Google Scholar

Matějka, K., Vacek, S., Podrázský, V., 2010: Development of forest soils in the Giant Mts. in the period 1980–2009. Journal of Forest Science, 56:485–504.10.17221/79/2010-JFSSearch in Google Scholar

Materna, J., 1989: Air pollution and forestry in Czechoslovakia. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 12:227–239.10.1007/BF0039480224249188Search in Google Scholar

Mausolf, K., Wilm, P., Härdtle, W., Jansen, K., Schuldt, B., Sturm, K. et al., 2018: Higher drought sensitivity of radial growth of European beech in managed than in unmanaged forests. Science of the Total Environment, 642:1201–1208.10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.06530045501Search in Google Scholar

Meyer, F. D., Bräker, O. U., 2001: Climate response in dominant and suppressed spruce trees, Picea abies (L.) Karst., on a subalpine and lower montane site in Switzerland. Ecoscience, 8:105–114.10.1080/11956860.2001.11682636Search in Google Scholar

Mihál, I., Cicák, A., Tsakov, H., 2014: Selected biotic vectors transmitting beech bark necrotic disease in Central and South-Eastern Europe. Folia Oecologica, 41:62–74.Search in Google Scholar

Ministry of Agriculture, 2017: Zpráva o stavu lesa a lesního hospodářství České republiky v roce 2016. Praha, 132 p.Search in Google Scholar

Motta, E., Annesi, T., Pane, A., Cooke, D. E. L., Cacciola, S. O., 2003: A new Phytophthora sp. causing a basal canker on beech in Italy. Plant Disease, 87:1005–1005.10.1094/PDIS.2003.87.8.1005A30812780Search in Google Scholar

Nožička, J., 1961: Vývoj krkonošských lesů na Vrchlabsku a Maršovsku. Práce VÜLHM, 18:161–228.Search in Google Scholar

Nussbaumer, A., Waldner, P., Apuhtin, V., Aytar, F., Benham, S., Bussotti, F. et al., 2018: Impact of weather cues and resource dynamics on mast occurrence in the main forest tree species in Europe. Forest Ecology and Management, 429:336–350.10.1016/j.foreco.2018.07.011Search in Google Scholar

Opała-Owczarek, M., Błaś, M., Owczarek, P., Sobik, M., Godek, M., 2019: A dendroclimatological study of east- and west-facing slopes in mountainousareas subjected to strong air pollution (the Sudetes, Central Europe), Physical Geography, 40:186–208.10.1080/02723646.2018.1547872Search in Google Scholar

Övergaard, R., 2010: Seed Production and Natural Regeneration of Beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) in Southern Sweden. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 74 p.Search in Google Scholar

Peters, R., 1997: Beech Forests. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, p. 39–40.10.1007/978-94-015-8794-5Search in Google Scholar

Paoletti, E., Schaub, M., Matyssek, R., Wieser, G., Augustaitis, A., Bastrup-Birk, A. M. et al., 2010: Advances of air pollution science: from forest decline to multiple-stress effects on forest ecosystem services. Environmental Pollution, 158:1986–1989.10.1016/j.envpol.2009.11.02320036449Search in Google Scholar

Penuelas, J., Ogaya, R., Boada, M., S. Jump, A., 2007: Migration, invasion and decline: changes in recruitment and forest structure in a warming-linked shift of European beech forest in Catalonia (NE Spain). Ecography, 30:829–837.10.1111/j.2007.0906-7590.05247.xSearch in Google Scholar

Power, S. A., Ashmore, M. R., 1996: Nutrient relations and root mycorrhizal status of healthy and declining beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) in southern Britain. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 86:317–333.10.1007/BF00279164Search in Google Scholar

Remeš, J., Bílek, L., Novák, J., Vacek, Z., Vacek, S., Putalová, T., Koubek, L., 2015: Diameter increment of beech in relation to social position of trees, climate characteristics and thinning intensity. Journal of Forest Science, 61:456–464.10.17221/75/2015-JFSSearch in Google Scholar

Rohner, B., Weber, P., Thürig, E., 2016: Bridging tree rings and forest inventories: How climate effects on spruce and beech growth aggregate over time. Forest Ecology and Management, 360:159–169.10.1016/j.foreco.2015.10.022Search in Google Scholar

Ruosteenoja, K., Markkanen, T., Venäläinen, A., Räisänen, P., Peltola, H., 2018: Seasonal soil moisture and drought occurrence in Europe in CMIP5 projections for the 21st century. Climate Dynamics, 50:1177–1192.10.1007/s00382-017-3671-4Search in Google Scholar

Rydval, M., Wilson, R., 2012: The impact of industrial SO₂ pollution on north Bohemia conifers. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 223:5727–5744.10.1007/s11270-012-1310-6Search in Google Scholar

Samec, P., Vránová, V., 2005: Bioindication of soil sorption properties in the substitute tree stands at submontane conditions. In: Šimková, P.: MendelNet 2005, Contemporary state and development trends of forest in cultural landscape. Brno, Mendelova univerzita v Brně, p. 113–119.Search in Google Scholar

Schütz, J. P., 2001: Der Plenterwald. Parey Buch- verlag, Berlin, 207 p.Search in Google Scholar

Skomarkova, M. V., Vaganov, E. A., Mund, M., Knohl, A., Linke, P., Boerner, A. et al., 2006: Inter-annual and seasonal variability of radial growth, wood density and carbon isotope ratios in tree rings of beech (Fagus sylvatica) growing in Germany and Italy. Trees, 20:571–586.10.1007/s00468-006-0072-4Search in Google Scholar

Slanař, J., Vacek, Z., Vacek, S., Bulušek, D., Cukor, J., Štefančík, I. et al., 2017: Long-term transformation of submontane spruce-beech forests in the Jizerské hory Mts.: Dynamics of natural regeneration. Central European Forestry Journal, 63:212–224.10.1515/forj-2017-0023Search in Google Scholar

Sykes, M. T., Prentice, I. C., 1996: Climate change, tree species distributions and forest dynamics: a case study in the mixed conifer/northern hardwoods zone of northern Europe. Climatic Change, 34:161–177.10.1007/BF00224628Search in Google Scholar

Špulák, O., Souček, J., 2010: The Sibyla model and development of beech forests affected by air pollution. Central European Journal of Biology, 5:317–383.10.2478/s11535-010-0024-2Search in Google Scholar

Team R Core, 2018: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing. Vienna, Austria.Search in Google Scholar

Tegel, W., Seim, A., Hakelberg, D., Hoffmann, S., Panev, M., Westphal, T., Büntgen, U., 2014: A recent growth increase of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) at its Mediterranean distribution limit contradicts drought stress. European Journal of Forest Research, 133:61–71.10.1007/s10342-013-0737-7Search in Google Scholar

Tesař, V., Balcar, V., Lochman, V., Nehyba, J., 2011. Přestavba lesa zasaženého imisemi na Trutnovsku. Brno, Mendelova univerzita v Brně, 177 p.Search in Google Scholar

Tolazs, R., 2007: Atlas podnebí Česka. Praha a Olomouc, 256 p.Search in Google Scholar

Trnka, M., Brázdil, R., Možný, M., Štěpánek, P., Dobrovolný, P., Zahradníček, P. et al., 2015: Soil moisture trends in the Czech Republic between 1961 and 2012. International Journal of Climatology, 35:3733–3747.10.1002/joc.4242Search in Google Scholar

Vacek, S., 1988: Dynamics of the defoliation of beech forest stands under the influence of air pollution. In: 3. IUFRO Buchensymposium. Zvolen, 3. 6. – 6. 6. 1988. Zvolen, VŠLD, p. 377–388.Search in Google Scholar

Vacek, S., Matějka, K., Simon, J., Malík, V., Schwarz, O., Podrázský, V. et al., 2007: Zdravotní stav a dynamika lesních ekosystémů Krkonoš pod stresem vyvolaným znečištěním ovzduší. Folia forestalia Bohemica, Kostelec nad Černými lesy, Lesnická práce, 4:216 p.Search in Google Scholar

Vacek, S., Nosková, I., Bílek, L., Vacek, Z., Schwarz, O., 2010: Regeneration of forest stands on permanent research plots in the Krkonoše Mts. Journal of Forest Science, 56:541–554.10.17221/65/2010-JFSSearch in Google Scholar

Vacek, S., Hejcman, M., 2012: Natural layering, foliation, fertility and plant species composition of a Fagus sylvatica stand above the alpine timberline in the Giant (Krkonoše) Mts., Czech Republic. European Journal of Forest Research, 131:799–810.10.1007/s10342-011-0553-xSearch in Google Scholar

Vacek, S., Bílek, L., Schwarz, O., Hejcmanová, P., Mikeska, M., 2013: Effect of Air Pollution on the Health Status of Spruce Stands Effect of Air Pollution on the Health Status of Spruce Stands. Mountain Research and Development, 33:40–50.10.1659/MRD-JOURNAL-D-12-00028.1Search in Google Scholar

Vacek, S., Hůnová, I., Vacek, Z., Hejcmanová, P., Podrázský, V., Král, J., 2015a: Effects of air pollution and climatic factors on Norway spruce forests in the Orlické hory Mts. (Czech Republic) 1979–2014. European Journal of Forest Research, 134:1127–1142.10.1007/s10342-015-0915-xSearch in Google Scholar

Vacek, S., Černý, T., Vacek, Z., Podrázský, V., Mikeska, M., Králíček, I., 2017: Long-term changes in vegetation and site conditions in beech and spruce forests of lower mountain ranges of Central Europe. Forest Ecology and Management, 398:75–90.10.1016/j.foreco.2017.05.001Search in Google Scholar

Vacek, Z., Vacek, S., Bílek, L., Remeš, J., Štefančík, I., 2015b: Changes in horizontal structure of natural beech forests on an altitudinal gradient in the Sudetes. Dendrobiology, 73:33–45.10.12657/denbio.073.004Search in Google Scholar

Vacek, Z., Vacek, S., Podrázský, V., Bílek, L., Štefančík, I., Moser, W. K. et al., 2015c: Effect of tree layer and microsite on the variability of natural regeneration in autochthonous beech forests. Polish Journal of Ecology, 63:233–246.10.3161/15052249PJE2015.63.2.007Search in Google Scholar

Viewegh, J., Kusbach, A., Mikeska, M., 2003: Czech forest ecosystem classification. Journal of Forest Science, 49:85–93.10.17221/4682-JFSSearch in Google Scholar

Wainhouse, D., Gate, I. M., Lonsdale, D., 1988: Beech Resistance to the Beech Scale: A Variety of Defenses. In: Mattson, V. J., Levieux, J., Bernard-Dagan, C. (eds.): Mechanisms of Woody Plant Defenses against Insects. Springer, New York, NY, p. 277–293.10.1007/978-1-4612-3828-7_18Search in Google Scholar

Urban, J., 2000: Beech gall midge (Mikiola fagi Htg.) and its natural enemies. Journal of Forest Science, 46:543–568.Search in Google Scholar

Zang, C., Hartl-Meier, C., Dittmar, C., Rothe, A., Menzel, A., 2014: Patterns of drought tolerance in major European temperate forest trees: Climatic drivers and levels of variability. Global Change Biology, 20:3767–3779.10.1111/gcb.1263724838398Search in Google Scholar

Zang, C., Rothe, A., Weis, W., Pretzsch, H., 2011: Zur baumarteneignung bei klimawandel: Ableitung der trockenstress- anfälligkeit wichtiger waldbaumarten aus jahrringbreiten. Allgemeine Forst- und Jagdzeitung, 182:98–112.Search in Google Scholar