<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<sec>
<h3>Objective</h3>
<p>This study aimed to assess breast cancer (BC) awareness among reproductive women in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), identify influencing factors, and propose feasible interventions or programs.</p>
</sec>
<sec>
<h3>Methods</h3>
<p>We followed a 5-step process using a modified version of Arksey and O’Malley framework methodology. A comprehensive search was conducted on the Embase, PubMed, and CINAHL electronic databases for literature published within 10 years (from 2012 to 2022).</p>
</sec>
<sec>
<h3>Results</h3>
<p>Thirty-three papers published between 2012 and 2020, spanning 18 countries, were included. Of these, 45.6% described a good level of knowledge, while 24.2% reported that women at reproductive ages had good awareness. Twelve influencing factors were identified in 3 categories: socio-demographic (family history, personal history, marital status, age, religion, income status, living place, and occupation), personal (self-efficacy, education, and perceived level), and external (advertisements promoting awareness). Educational programs were recommended in most (>72%) of the included studies.</p>
</sec>
<sec>
<h3>Conclusions</h3>
<p>While most studies reported high levels of knowledge and awareness, some found low prevalence among certain groups. Factors affecting knowledge and awareness were classified into socio-demographic, personal, and external categories, with socio-demographic factors such as age, education, income, and marital status being the most frequently cited. The studies recommended implementing educational programs, health prevention strategies, and social interventions to increase BC knowledge and awareness</p>
</sec>
</abstract>

Objective
This study aimed to assess breast cancer (BC) awareness among reproductive women in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), identify influencing factors, and propose feasible interventions or programs.


Methods
We followed a 5-step process using a modified version of Arksey and O’Malley framework methodology. A comprehensive search was conducted on the Embase, PubMed, and CINAHL electronic databases for literature published within 10 years (from 2012 to 2022).


Results
Thirty-three papers published between 2012 and 2020, spanning 18 countries, were included. Of these, 45.6% described a good level of knowledge, while 24.2% reported that women at reproductive ages had good awareness. Twelve influencing factors were identified in 3 categories: socio-demographic (family history, personal history, marital status, age, religion, income status, living place, and occupation), personal (self-efficacy, education, and perceived level), and external (advertisements promoting awareness). Educational programs were recommended in most (>72%) of the included studies.


Conclusions
While most studies reported high levels of knowledge and awareness, some found low prevalence among certain groups. Factors affecting knowledge and awareness were classified into socio-demographic, personal, and external categories, with socio-demographic factors such as age, education, income, and marital status being the most frequently cited. The studies recommended implementing educational programs, health prevention strategies, and social interventions to increase BC knowledge and awareness

Breast cancer awareness in reproductive women in the low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review

Frontiers of Nursing

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Objective
This study aimed to assess breast cancer (BC) awareness among reproductive women in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), identify influencing...

Breast cancer awareness in reproductive women in the low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review

Article Category: Review

Published Online: Jun 26, 2024

Page range: 139 - 151

Received: Sep 06, 2023

Accepted: Jan 24, 2024

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/fon-2024-0015

Keywords
awareness, breast cancer, low- and middle- income countries, reproductive women, scoping review

© 2024 Made Satya Nugraha Gautama et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Breast cancer awareness in reproductive women in the low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review

Article Category: Review

Published Online: Jun 26, 2024

Page range: 139 - 151

Received: Sep 06, 2023

Accepted: Jan 24, 2024

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/fon-2024-0015

Keywordsawareness, breast cancer, low- and middle- income countries, reproductive women, scoping review

© 2024 Made Satya Nugraha Gautama et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Keywords
awareness, breast cancer, low- and middle- income countries, reproductive women, scoping review