<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<sec>
<h3>Objective</h3>
<p>In this study, we investigated the concept of empowerment in chronic wound care and propose to facilitate patient control by making use of degrees of freedom (DOF): that is, shaping of everyday wound care tasks initiated by patients and based on their wishes, mostly in terms of patients executing treatment steps, requesting or directing health care professionals to undertake changes, or modifications of internal states.</p>
</sec>
<sec>
<h3>Methods</h3>
<p>As a first step, we conducted a systematic literature search, followed by an inductive form of qualitative content analysis, which resulted in the identification of 5 dimensions as main elements of empowerment: education and shared decision making, adherence to self-care behaviors, responsibility and control, general call for empowerment, and DOF. However, the latter are noticeably absent in the literature. To investigate patients’ freedom in shaping the wound care process, we conducted a second literature search.</p>
</sec>
<sec>
<h3>Results</h3>
<p>A number of possibilities for patients to influence the wound care process could be identified, but experimental or clinical evidence about their effects is missing, their variety is limited, and they are only inadequately described.</p>
</sec>
<sec>
<h3>Conclusions</h3>
<p>However, DOF should be an indispensable aspect of <italic>genuine</italic> empowerment, since they allow patients to occupy the role of the agent in the treatment process and give rise to the subjective experience of feeling empowered. Thus, in the third part, we develop a research proposal on how to investigate and include DOF in the clinical practice of wound care. Finally, limitations about implementations are discussed (e.g., patients being reluctant to overcome their passive role, resulting in frustration for health care professionals).</p>
</sec>
</abstract>

Objective
In this study, we investigated the concept of empowerment in chronic wound care and propose to facilitate patient control by making use of degrees of freedom (DOF): that is, shaping of everyday wound care tasks initiated by patients and based on their wishes, mostly in terms of patients executing treatment steps, requesting or directing health care professionals to undertake changes, or modifications of internal states.


Methods
As a first step, we conducted a systematic literature search, followed by an inductive form of qualitative content analysis, which resulted in the identification of 5 dimensions as main elements of empowerment: education and shared decision making, adherence to self-care behaviors, responsibility and control, general call for empowerment, and DOF. However, the latter are noticeably absent in the literature. To investigate patients’ freedom in shaping the wound care process, we conducted a second literature search.


Results
A number of possibilities for patients to influence the wound care process could be identified, but experimental or clinical evidence about their effects is missing, their variety is limited, and they are only inadequately described.


Conclusions
However, DOF should be an indispensable aspect of genuine empowerment, since they allow patients to occupy the role of the agent in the treatment process and give rise to the subjective experience of feeling empowered. Thus, in the third part, we develop a research proposal on how to investigate and include DOF in the clinical practice of wound care. Finally, limitations about implementations are discussed (e.g., patients being reluctant to overcome their passive role, resulting in frustration for health care professionals).

Empowerment in chronic wound care—exploring the scope for patient contribution<xref ref-type="fn" rid="j_fon-2024-0001_fn_001"><sup>†</sup></xref>

Frontiers of Nursing

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Empowerment in chronic wound care—exploring the scope for patient contribution

Objective
In this study, we investigated the concept of empowerment in chronic wound care and propose to facilitate patient control by making use of degrees of...

Empowerment in chronic wound care—exploring the scope for patient contribution^†

Article Category: Review

Published Online: Mar 26, 2024

Page range: 1 - 16

Received: Dec 27, 2022

Accepted: Jul 31, 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/fon-2024-0001

Keywords
adherence, chronic wounds, control, degrees of freedom, empowerment, shared decision making

© 2024 Benedikt Hackert et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Empowerment in chronic wound care—exploring the scope for patient contribution†

Article Category: Review

Published Online: Mar 26, 2024

Page range: 1 - 16

Received: Dec 27, 2022

Accepted: Jul 31, 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/fon-2024-0001

Keywordsadherence, chronic wounds, control, degrees of freedom, empowerment, shared decision making

© 2024 Benedikt Hackert et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Empowerment in chronic wound care—exploring the scope for patient contribution^†

Keywords
adherence, chronic wounds, control, degrees of freedom, empowerment, shared decision making