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Nursing outcomes of traditional Chinese medicine adjunctive therapy on osteofascial compartment syndrome: a review†

Ya-Ping Su
Ya-Ping Su
, 
Rui-Ling Li
Rui-Ling Li
, 
Yuan-Yuan Wang
Yuan-Yuan Wang
 and 
Ling-Yu Han
Ling-Yu Han
   | Jun 22, 2023
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Article Category: Review
Published Online: Jun 22, 2023
Page range: 163 - 173
Received: Dec 26, 2022
Accepted: Feb 03, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/fon-2023-0017
Keywords
© 2023 Ya-Ping Su et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Usage of TCM in the literature.

Study Research methods Components of TCM Research object TCM method Research results
Xu Yaqun25 A case–control trial, comparing the total effective rate of clinical outcomes Saposhnikovia divarrcata 3 g, Schizonepeta tenuifolia 3 g, Rhizoma chuanxiong 3 g, licorice 3 g, Angelica 6 g, Atractylodes macrocephala 10 g, Cortex Moutan 10 g, Sophora flavescens 15 g, Cortex Phellodendri 6 g. Patients undergoing fasciotomy of the lower leg External Observation group: 84.21%; control group: 77.78%
Wang Qunxiang et al.26 A case–control trial, comparing the pain scores and swelling values Mirabilite group 40%: borax 400 g, borneol powder 100 g, Lanum 50 g, and moderate amount of vaseline. Surgical treatment of leg fracture External 40% mang boron powder has advantages
Zhou et al.27 Case report Phellodendron, Radix notoginseng, Rheum rhabarbarum, Gardenia jasminoides, Sanguisorba officinalis, and Paeonia suffruticosa (Andr.) and 12 Chinese herbs. Forearm compartment syndrome External Saved the time for decompressive fasciotomy and improved the overall prognosis of the patient
Guofeng28, Liang Songming30 Review and book Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Viride, dried tangerine or orange peel, agalloch eaglewood, Cyperus rotundus, Rosa banksiae, Carthamus tinctorius, Angelica tail, peach kernel, frankincense, ground beetle etc. OCS patients External Promoting Qi to relieve pain, promoting blood circulation, and removing blood stasis
Dongchun29 RCT which compared pain relief and swelling regression Longzhong Xiaozhong Zhitong Mixture: Radix Paeoniae Rubra, the dried rhizome of Rehmannia, Herba Lycopi, pseudo-ginseng, Rosa banksiae, Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Viride, peach kernel, Ligusticum chuanxiong, leech Grade 1 and 2 patients with calf OCS Oral The difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05)
Meiling31 Observational study Earlier stage: Angelica 12 g, Radix Paeoniae Rubra 12 g, Dipsacus 12 g, Clematis 12 g, raw coix seed 30 g, mulberry parasite 30 g, Rhizoma drynariae 12 g, Acanthopanax senticosus 12 g.Later stage (>7 weeks): Paulownia bark 6 g, penetrating bone grass 6 g, frankincense 6 g, myrrh 6 g, Angelica 5 g, Pericarpium Zanthoxyli 10 g, Rhizoma chuanxiong 3 g, Carthamus tinctorius 3 g, Clematis 3 g, licorice 3 g, Saposhnikovia divaricata 3 g, Angelica dahurica 3 g. Patients with tibiofibular fracture Used internally and externally The healing time is 8–11 weeks, and the fracture healing time is shortened.
Hongtian32 RCT, compared transit operation cases, cure time, and symptom improvement time Atractylodes macrocephala, Poria cocos, Alisma, Polyporus umbellatus, Carthamus tinctorius, Radix Paeoniae Rubra, myrrh, Rhizome chuanxiong, Pericarpium Arecae, Rosa banksiae, each 10 g. Salvia miltiorrhiza, plantain seed, each 15 g; grilled licorice 6 g. Patients with early OCS Oral The difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05)
Zhu Zhixiong33 RCT, compared the time of swelling subsiding, pain relief, peripheral artery from weak to strong. Angelica sinensis 25 g, Carthamus tinctorius 10 g, Trionyx sinensis 15 g, natural copper 15 g, Rhizoma cibotii 15 g, Rhizoma drynariae 25 g, myrrh 10 g, frankincense 10 g, Lutong 10 g, peach kernel 5 g, Panax Notoginseng powder 6 g, Rhizoma corydalis 9 g. Patients with OCS Oral The result in the observation group was better than in the control group.
Yu Xiaoyun and Li34 RCT, compared CK and SOD level Peach kernel 10 g, Carthamus tinctorius 6 g, Rhizoma chuanxiong 10 g, Radix Paeoniae Rubra, frankincense, myrrh, Trionyx sinensis, Clematis chinensis, Stephania tetrandra, Pheretima 10 g each, Salvia miltiorrhiza 30 g, Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata 15 g, Radix Paeoniae Alba 10 g, Angelica sinensis 15g, Radix Astragali 20 g, Atractylodes macrocephala, Polyporus umbellatus, Poria cocos, Alisma 12 g each. Patients with OCS Oral The difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05)
Chou Jianwei et al.35 RCT, compared the time for swelling to subside and pain to relieve Carthamus tinctorius, Angelica, peach kernel, Ligusticum chuanxiong, Polyporus, Poria 15 g each, Alisma, Rhizoma corydalis, myrrh, frankincense 10 g each, roasted licorice 6 g. Patients with OCS Oral The difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05)
Ying36 RCT, compared the effective rate Peach kernel 9 g, Angelica sinensis 9 g, Ligusticum chuanxiong 6 g, Trogopterus dung 6 g, Gentiana macrophylla 3 g, Cyperus rotundus 3 g, Notopterygium root 3 g, Achyranthes bidentata 9 g, Carthamus tinctorius 9 g, myrrh 6 g, Pheretima 6 g, licorice 6 g. Patients treated with VSD after OCS Oral Routine group: 80%; conventional + TCM group: 88%; routine + hyperbaric oxygen group: 88%; routine + TCM + hyperbaric oxygen treatment group: 92%.
Pang Zhihao et al.37 RCT, compared CK, LDH, AST indicators Qingredu granules (YYZZ Z20070916): honeysuckle, Chinese violet, dandelion, buffalo horn, wild chrysanthemum, Folium Isatidis, Radix Rehmanniae, Radix Scrophularia, Cortex Moutan. Patients with OCS Oral Observation group: CK, LDH, AST indicators decline.
Wang Kaijun38 RCT, compared swelling subsiding and wound healing time Angelica sinensis 15 g, Scutellaria Baicalensis Georgi 15 g, Carthamus tinctorius 12 g, Cassia twig 12 g, peach kernel 10 g, pollen 12 g, licorice 8 g, mulberry branch 12 g, soft-shelled turtle 15 g. Patients with OCS Oral Outcome in observation group was better than in control group, and serum CK/LDH level decreased.
Wei Bing39 RCT, compared wound healing effective rate. Peach kernel 12 g, Carthamus tinctorius 15 g, Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata, Angelica, Ligusticum chuanxiong, Radix Paeoniae Rubra 12 g each, Radix Astragali 30 g, Coix kernel 20 g, Atractylodes macrocephala 12 g, Polyporus umbellatus15 g, Alisma 12 g, honeysuckle 15 g, dandelion 15 g, grilled licorice 6 g. Patients with OCS Oral The observation group wound healing was better than that in control group.
Li Jianfei40 RCT, compared fasciotomy and rate of adverse events. Poria cocos 12 g, Stephania tetrandra 10 g, motherwort 18 g, cinnamon 12 g, Atractylodes macrocephala 15 g, Astragalus 30 g, Salvia miltiorrhiza 15 g, Herba Lycopi 12 g, licorice 6 g, Achyranthes bidentata 15 g, Panax notoginseng 15 g, Sangusis draconis 2 g. Patients with OCS Oral The difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05)
Shi Meng and Yu41 RCT, compared total effective rate Ligusticum chuanxiong, Angelica Sinensis, Carthamus tinctorius, Radix Paeonia Rubra, peach kernel, leech, Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Viride, Gardenia 15 g each, Herba Lycopi, Radix Rehmanniae, Rosa banksiae 12 g each, licorice 6 g. Patients with OCS Oral Observation group: 85%; control group: 65%

Main medicinal herbs of TCM in the literature.

Physical appearance of Chinese herbal medicine Name of Chinese herbal medicine Pharmacological effects of Chinese herbal medicine
Angelica sinensis Anti-inflammatory effect: Angelica decoction has a significant inhibitory effect on acute and chronic inflammation caused by many inflammatory agents
Carthamus tinctorius Activating blood circulation and removing blood stasis: The yellow pigment in Carthamus tinctorius can significantly inhibit rabbit platelet aggregation induced by ADP and has a pronounced, apparent deaggregation effect on aggregated platelets. It can dissolve microthrombus. Pharmacological experiments also showed that it had a significant inhibitory effect on experimental thrombus in rats, with an inhibition rate of 73.4%.
Licorice Detoxification effect: Experiments show that licorice and its various preparations have a specific detoxification effect on poisoning due to other drugs and body metabolite poisoning, which can alleviate poisoning symptoms and reduce the mortality of poisoned animals. The main effective ingredient of licorice detoxification is glycyrrhizin.
Peach kernel Anticoagulant effect: Peach kernel decoction can significantly prolong the clotting time in mice, prolong the bleeding time and clotting time in rabbits, and inhibit the retraction of blood clots.
Ligusticum chuanxiong Anti-ischemia-reperfusion injury effect: 4 mmol/L ligustrazine has a concentration-dependent protective effect on hypoxia-reoxygenation of ventricular myocytes. It can inhibit the contracture of injured cells, improve the survival rate of damaged cells, and inhibit the decrease of the Na+ concentration ratio in the myocardium. Ligustrazine protects the myocardium by maintaining the integrity of biofilm and myocardial fiber structure and reducing mitochondrial damage.
Radix Paeoniae Rubra Anti-inflammatory and antiallergic effect: This effect is seen because Radix Paeoniae Rubra combined with licorice has a strong synergistic effect.
Polyporus umbellatus The effect of promoting immunity and protecting the liver: It can increase the number of decreased peritoneal macrophages in mice induced by CCĻ, has no inhibitory effect on lipid peroxidation in mice, has preventive impact on toxic hepatitis in mice, and can significantly promote the production of antibodies against hepatitis-B surface antigen (anti-HBs) in guinea pigs, bears, and monkeys.
Poria cocos Bacteriostatic effect: Poria cocos decoction has an inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Proteus spp.
White Atractylodes rhizome Anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effect: Atractylodes macrocephala has an inhibitory effect on flocculent epidermis, starkella, and meningococci.
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