Application of a perioperative nursing strategy in the surgical treatment of elderly patients: a narrative review†
and | Apr 13, 2022
About this article
Article Category: Review
Published Online: Apr 13, 2022
Page range: 1 - 9
Received: Apr 03, 2021
Accepted: Aug 31, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/fon-2022-0001
Keywords
© 2022 Ding-Yang Lyu et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Commonly used delirium assessment scales.
| Scale | Sensitivity (%) | Specificity (%) | Characteristics and applicable groups |
|---|---|---|---|
| CAM |
76.0 | 100 | Based on DSM-3R; has been verified in the Chinese population; suitable for elderly patients who are hospitalized |
| CAM-ICU |
81.8–93.4 | 87.7–90.8 | Based on DSM-IV; has been verified in the Chinese population; suitable for patients with endotracheal intubation and patients who are in intensive care units or emergency departments |
| 3D-CAM | 95.0 | 94.0 | Based on CAM and provides the standardized evaluation method; has not been verified in the Chinese population; suitable for older people and patients with dementia |
Commonly used cognitive-function assessment scales.
| Scale | Sensitivity (%) | Specificity (%) | Assessment time (min) |
|---|---|---|---|
| MMSE |
63.4 | 65.4 | 5–10 |
| ACE-R |
91.9 | 76.3 | 10–20 |
| MoCA |
80–100 | 50–70 | 10–15 |
Commonly used anxiety and depression assessment scale.
| Scale | Features |
|---|---|
| HAMA |
This assessment takes 15–20 min and is the most commonly used scale to assess the severity of anxiety. The total score is 56 points: scores of 14 and above indicate anxiety, and scores of ≥29 indicate severe anxiety. It is conducted by trained professionals. |
| GAD-7 |
This assessment takes 5 min and is mainly used for generalized anxiety screening. The total score is 21 points: 0–4 is normal, 5–9 indicates mild anxiety, 10–14 indicates moderate anxiety, and ≥15 indicates severe anxiety. |
| GDS |
This assessment is used for depression screening and takes 5–15 min. There are 30-, 15-, 10-, and 6-item versions. The highest score on the 30-item scale is 30: 0–10 is normal, 11–20 indicates mild depression, and 21–30 indicates moderate and severe depression. This test is suitable for older people. |
| HAMD |
This tool assesses the severity of depression and takes 15 min. It is the gold standard of depression assessment scales and is conducted by trained professionals. The scale has 3 versions of 17, 21, and 24 items. When using the 17-item table, the highest score is 56 points: 0–7 is normal, 8–14 indicates mild depression, 15–23 indicates moderate depression, and ≥24 indicates severe depression. |