<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<sec><h3>Objectives</h3>
<p>Depressive symptoms are common in heart failure (HF) patients and they may exacerbate the progression of HF. Thus, identifying associations with depressive symptoms is essential to develop effective interventions to alleviate patients’ depressive symptoms. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the factors related to HF patients’ depressive symptoms.</p>
</sec>
<sec><h3>Methods</h3>
<p>Potential hospitalized patients were recruited from a university-affiliated hospital by convenience sampling. This study included 321 HF patients who had completed information about depressive symptoms, functional capacity, social support, dispositional optimism, self-care confidence, and health literacy. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize the sample. Independent group <italic>t</italic>-tests and one-way analysis of variance were used to assess the difference in depressive symptoms score in demographic and clinical characteristics, while Pearson's correlation was used to assess the associations among continuous variables.</p>
</sec>
<sec><h3>Results</h3>
<p>The scores for functional capacity, social support, dispositional optimism, self-care confidence, and health literacy were negatively associated with the score for depressive symptoms. The interaction effect between the functional capacity and the dispositional optimism on depressive symptoms was significant.</p>
</sec>
<sec><h3>Conclusions</h3>
<p>Interventions targeted improving the above-mentioned factors may be beneficial to reduce depressive symptoms in HF patients.</p>
</sec>
</abstract>

Objectives
Depressive symptoms are common in heart failure (HF) patients and they may exacerbate the progression of HF. Thus, identifying associations with depressive symptoms is essential to develop effective interventions to alleviate patients’ depressive symptoms. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the factors related to HF patients’ depressive symptoms.

Methods
Potential hospitalized patients were recruited from a university-affiliated hospital by convenience sampling. This study included 321 HF patients who had completed information about depressive symptoms, functional capacity, social support, dispositional optimism, self-care confidence, and health literacy. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize the sample. Independent group t-tests and one-way analysis of variance were used to assess the difference in depressive symptoms score in demographic and clinical characteristics, while Pearson's correlation was used to assess the associations among continuous variables.

Results
The scores for functional capacity, social support, dispositional optimism, self-care confidence, and health literacy were negatively associated with the score for depressive symptoms. The interaction effect between the functional capacity and the dispositional optimism on depressive symptoms was significant.

Conclusions
Interventions targeted improving the above-mentioned factors may be beneficial to reduce depressive symptoms in HF patients.

Depressive symptoms and their associated factors in heart failure patients

Frontiers of Nursing

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

{"article-title":"Depressive symptoms and their associated factors in heart failure patients"}

Objectives
Depressive symptoms are common in heart failure (HF) patients and they may exacerbate the progression of HF. Thus, identifying associations with...

Depressive symptoms and their associated factors in heart failure patients

Article Category: Original article

Published Online: Dec 30, 2021

Page range: 389 - 397

Received: Mar 28, 2021

Accepted: Apr 28, 2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/fon-2021-0039

Keywords
depressive symptoms, dispositional optimism, functional capacity, heart failure, social support

© 2021 Deng-Xin He et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Depressive symptoms and their associated factors in heart failure patients

Article Category: Original article

Published Online: Dec 30, 2021

Page range: 389 - 397

Received: Mar 28, 2021

Accepted: Apr 28, 2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/fon-2021-0039

Keywordsdepressive symptoms, dispositional optimism, functional capacity, heart failure, social support

© 2021 Deng-Xin He et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Keywords
depressive symptoms, dispositional optimism, functional capacity, heart failure, social support