Relationship between decreased visual acuity and physical activity time in school age children
and | Aug 18, 2021
About this article
Article Category: Original article
Published Online: Aug 18, 2021
Page range: 113 - 120
Received: Apr 03, 2020
Accepted: Aug 31, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/fon-2021-0013
Keywords
© 2021 Hanna Lee et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
General characteristics of the participants (N = 1194).
| Variables | Category | % | M ± SD | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | Male | 614 | 51.4 | |
| Female | 580 | 48.6 | ||
| Region | Seoul | 132 | 11.1 | |
| Gyeonggi-do/Incheon | 382 | 32.0 | ||
| Daejeon/Chungcheongdo/Gangwon-do | 168 | 14.1 | ||
| Daegu/Gyeongsangbuk-do | 142 | 11.9 | ||
| Busan/Ulsan/Gyeongsangnam-do | 223 | 18.7 | ||
| Gwangju/Jeolla-do | 147 | 12.3 | ||
| Types of School Establishment | National School | 69 | 5.8 | |
| Public school | 1099 | 92.0 | ||
| Private school | 21 | 1.8 | ||
| Alternative school | 5 | 0.4 | ||
| School transfer | No | 1146 | 96.0 | |
| Yes | 48 | 4.0 | ||
| Household income (10,000 won) | <500 | 505 | 42.3 | 538.8 ± 462.8 |
| 500≥ | 571 | 47.8 | ||
| No answer | 118 | 9.9 | ||
| Age (Father) | <40 | 299 | 25.0 | 42.1 ± 3.9 |
| 40≥ | 895 | 75.0 | ||
| Age (Mother) | <40 | 593 | 49.7 | 39.7 ± 3.6 |
| 40≥ | 601 | 50.3 | ||
| Employment status (Father) | Employed | 1075 | 90.0 | |
| Academic | 1 | 0.1 | ||
| Work study together | 24 | 2.0 | ||
| Unemployed | 90 | 7.5 | ||
| No answer | 4 | 0.3 | ||
| Employment status (Mother) | Employed | 560 | 46.9 | |
| Work study together | 43 | 3.6 | ||
| Unemployed | 572 | 47.9 | ||
| No answer | 19 | 1.6 | ||
| Education (Father) | Middle School graduation | 6 | 0.5 | |
| High school graduation | 317 | 26.5 | ||
| College graduation | 259 | 21.7 | ||
| University graduation | 482 | 40.4 | ||
| Graduate school graduation | 130 | 10.9 | ||
| Education (Mother) | Middle School graduation | 3 | 0.3 | |
| High school graduation | 324 | 27.1 | ||
| College graduation | 352 | 29.5 | ||
| University graduation | 445 | 37.3 | ||
| Graduate school graduation | 70 | 5.9 |
BMI classification by children’s MEST (N = 1194).
| Category | Normal ( |
Visual impairment ( |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low weight | 60 | 6.5 | 15 | 5.7 |
| Normal | 735 | 78.9 | 207 | 78.7 |
| Overweight | 90 | 9.7 | 19 | 7.2 |
| Obesity | 46 | 4.9 | 22 | 8.4 |
| Extreme obesity | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 |
| Total | 931 | 100.0 | 263 | 100.0 |
Relationship between visual impairment and physical activity according to the accessibility of community facility (N = 1194).
| Variables | Total | Accessibility of the Community Facility | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exp(B) | 95% CI | Exp(B) | 95% CI | |||
| Lower | Upper | Lower | Upper | |||
| Basic life (weekdays) | 1.00 | 0.78 | 1.30 | 0.87 | 0.59 | 1.28 |
| school life (weekdays) | 0.97 | 0.79 | 1.20 | 0.93 | 0.68 | 1.27 |
| Education care (weekdays) | 0.95 | 0.78 | 1.17 | 0.90 | 0.67 | 1.22 |
| Homework study (weekdays) | 1.15 | 0.83 | 1.58 | 1.27 | 0.79 | 2.04 |
| Communication education (weekdays) | 1.32 | 0.85 | 2.04 | 0.99 | 0.53 | 1.85 |
| Reading (weekdays) | 1.28 | 0.89 | 1.83 | 1.12 | 0.65 | 1.92 |
| TV (weekdays) | 0.82 | 0.63 | 1.06 | 0.76 | 0.52 | 1.12 |
| Game (weekdays) | 1.06 | 0.77 | 1.46 | 0.90 | 0.57 | 1.43 |
| Hobby (weekdays) | 1.24 | 0.87 | 1.76 | 1.28 | 0.75 | 2.19 |
| Leisure (weekdays) | 0.81 | 0.61 | 1.07 | 0.75 | 0.49 | 1.13 |
| Accident (weekdays) | 0.78 | 0.58 | 1.05 | 0.63 | 0.41 | 0.98 |
| Taking care of pets (weekdays) | 1.08 | 0.58 | 2.02 | 0.69 | 0.25 | 1.88 |
| Religious life (weekdays) | 0.46 | 0.20 | 1.02 | 0.32 | 0.09 | 1.10 |
| Household (weekdays) | 1.13 | 0.70 | 1.85 | 1.02 | 0.50 | 2.09 |
| Travel time (weekdays) | 0.97 | 0.66 | 1.43 | 0.87 | 0.50 | 1.53 |
| Basic life (weekend) | 0.96 | 0.80 | 1.16 | 0.77 | 0.58 | 1.02 |
| School life (weekend) | 0.93 | 0.79 | 1.10 | 0.86 | 0.67 | 1.10 |
| Education care (weekend) | 0.91 | 0.74 | 1.11 | 0.83 | 0.61 | 1.12 |
| Homework study (weekend) | 1.01 | 0.81 | 1.27 | 0.83 | 0.59 | 1.16 |
| Communication education (weekend) | 1.19 | 0.85 | 1.66 | 1.18 | 0.72 | 1.93 |
| Reading (weekend) | 1.18 | 0.96 | 1.45 | 0.92 | 0.67 | 1.25 |
| TV (weekend) | 0.93 | 0.81 | 1.06 | 0.90 | 0.74 | 1.08 |
| Game (weekend) | 0.90 | 0.75 | 1.07 | 0.72 | 0.42 | 1.21 |
| Hobby (weekend) | 0.91 | 0.77 | 1.09 | 0.87 | 0.67 | 1.12 |
| Leisure (weekend) | 0.89 |
0.59 | 0.91 | 0.83 |
0.69 | 0.98 |
| Accident (weekend) | 0.98 | 0.86 | 1.11 | 0.98 | 0.82 | 1.17 |
| Taking care of pets (weekend) | 1.03 | 0.74 | 1.43 | 0.71 |
0.55 | 0.92 |
| Religious life (weekend) | 0.76 |
0.65 | 0.89 | 0.75 |
0.60 | 0.93 |
| Household (weekend) | 1.02 | 0.74 | 1.41 | 0.97 | 0.61 | 1.56 |
| Travel time (weekend) | 0.96 | 0.75 | 1.23 | 0.87 | 0.61 | 1.25 |