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The introduction of red oak (Quercus rubra L.) in Ukrainian forests: advantages of productivity versus disadvantages of invasiveness

Yuriy Hayda
Yuriy Hayda
, 
Vasyl Mohytych
Vasyl Mohytych
, 
Dmytro Bidolakh
Dmytro Bidolakh
, 
Vasyl Kuzovych
Vasyl Kuzovych
 and 
Małgorzata Sułkowska
Małgorzata Sułkowska
   | Dec 10, 2022
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Article Category: Short Communication
Published Online: Dec 10, 2022
Page range: 245 - 252
Received: Oct 04, 2022
Accepted: Nov 02, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ffp-2022-0023
Keywords
© 2022 Yuriy Hayda et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Figure 1

The natural distribution range of red oak (black fill area in North America) and Ukraine territorial map (black fill area in Europe)
The natural distribution range of red oak (black fill area in North America) and Ukraine territorial map (black fill area in Europe)

Figure 2

Distribution of red oak (Quercus rubra L.) tree stands in the administrative regions of Ukraine. Number in the numerator – the total area of red oak tree stands, thousand hectares; number in the denominator – the total area of forests, thousand hectares; grey fill intensity denotes the proportion of red oak tree stands to the total area of forests
Distribution of red oak (Quercus rubra L.) tree stands in the administrative regions of Ukraine. Number in the numerator – the total area of red oak tree stands, thousand hectares; number in the denominator – the total area of forests, thousand hectares; grey fill intensity denotes the proportion of red oak tree stands to the total area of forests

Figure 3

Distribution of the total area of red oak tree stands according to their purposes (A) and age groups (B). The age groups of red oak tree stands differ in age according to the serving functions: Newly established – 1–10 years old for all purposes; young – 11–20 years old for all purposes; mid-aged – 21–60 years old for forest stands with a commercial purpose, 21–70 years old for other purposes; premature – 61–70 years old for forest stands with a commercial purpose, 71–80 years old for other purposes; mature and overmature – older than 70 years for forest stands with a commercial purpose, older than 80 years for other purposes
Distribution of the total area of red oak tree stands according to their purposes (A) and age groups (B). The age groups of red oak tree stands differ in age according to the serving functions: Newly established – 1–10 years old for all purposes; young – 11–20 years old for all purposes; mid-aged – 21–60 years old for forest stands with a commercial purpose, 21–70 years old for other purposes; premature – 61–70 years old for forest stands with a commercial purpose, 71–80 years old for other purposes; mature and overmature – older than 70 years for forest stands with a commercial purpose, older than 80 years for other purposes

Figure 4

Distribution of the total area of red oak tree stands by forest site conditions. Forest site conditions adopted from Pohrebniak (1955). Soil fertility indexes: A – poor soils, B – relatively poor or sandy soils, C – relatively rich soils, D – rich soils. Moisture indexes: 0 – very dry, 1 – dry, 2 – fresh, 3 – moist, 4 – wet, 5 – boggy. Age groups are the same as in Figure 3
Distribution of the total area of red oak tree stands by forest site conditions. Forest site conditions adopted from Pohrebniak (1955). Soil fertility indexes: A – poor soils, B – relatively poor or sandy soils, C – relatively rich soils, D – rich soils. Moisture indexes: 0 – very dry, 1 – dry, 2 – fresh, 3 – moist, 4 – wet, 5 – boggy. Age groups are the same as in Figure 3

Measures to limit and control the invasive impact of red oak

1. Prohibition of the introduction of red oak in the categories of forests with limited and special regimes of forest use
2. Limited introduction of red oak in types of habitat conditions where this species is not a competitor for native main forest-forming species
3. Creation of red oak forest plantation with a short rotation period
4. Controlling the invasive spread out of red oak in neighbour tree stands by maintenance of felling
5. Selection of red oak for the target trait – reduced reproductive capacity
6. Application of species rotation after the felling of mature red oak stands and forest plantations with short rotation period
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