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Coleopterous predators of pine bark beetles in the last years of the outbreak recorded in Ukraine

Valentyna Meshkova
Valentyna Meshkova
, 
Alla Vorobei
Alla Vorobei
 and 
Anastasiya Omelich
Anastasiya Omelich
   | Sep 22, 2022
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Article Category: Original Article
Published Online: Sep 22, 2022
Page range: 161 - 172
Received: Mar 17, 2022
Accepted: Jul 08, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ffp-2022-0016
Keywords
© 2022 Valentyna Meshkova et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Figure 1

Population density of bark beetles in sample trees as the number of nuptial chambers per 1 dm2 of Scots pine bark sample (I. acum – Ips acuminatus; I. sexd. – Ips sexdentatus; both spec. – both species; boxes – standard error, bars – minimum–maximum)
Population density of bark beetles in sample trees as the number of nuptial chambers per 1 dm2 of Scots pine bark sample (I. acum – Ips acuminatus; I. sexd. – Ips sexdentatus; both spec. – both species; boxes – standard error, bars – minimum–maximum)

Figure 2

Mean frequency of occurrence of coleopterous predators in the bark samples (Th. form. – Thanasimus formicarius; Pl. elong – Platysoma elongatum; Rh. depr. – Rhizophagus depressus; Aul. ruf – Aulonium ruficorne; Cor. pini – Corticeus pini; Th. fem. –Thanasimus femoralis; Salp. ruf. – Salpingus ruficollis)
Mean frequency of occurrence of coleopterous predators in the bark samples (Th. form. – Thanasimus formicarius; Pl. elong – Platysoma elongatum; Rh. depr. – Rhizophagus depressus; Aul. ruf – Aulonium ruficorne; Cor. pini – Corticeus pini; Th. fem. –Thanasimus femoralis; Salp. ruf. – Salpingus ruficollis)

Location of inspected forest stands

State Forestry Enterprise Forestry Latitude, N Longitude, E Altitude, m a.s.l. Number of plots Number of gallery systems
Svessky Prudishchenske 51°57″17¢ 33°43″38¢ 159 3 54
Svessky Olynske 51°56″51¢ 33°47″15¢ 165 6 110
Seredyno-Budsky Kamyanske 52°05″49¢ 33°53″06¢ 196 2 36
Seredyno-Budsky Golubivske 50°48″01¢ 34°25″10¢ 170 6 110
Seredyno-Budsky Ochkinske 52°13″36¢ 33°22″41¢ 130 2 36
Krolevetsky Dubovytske 51°38″05¢ 33°34″21¢ 162 7 126
Krolevetsky Gruzchanske 51°12″32¢ 33°31″45¢ 158 4 72
Krolevetsky Krolevetske 51°33″10¢ 33°22″57¢ 166 1 18
Krolevetsky Khreshchatynske 51°38″23¢ 33°22″07¢ 154 1 18
Lebedinsky Mezhyrichske 50°41″58¢ 34°29″39¢ 145 1 18
Lebedinsky Borovenkivske 50°27″52¢ 34°24″32¢ 142 1 18
Lebedinsky Ukrainske 50°29″28¢ 34°30″23¢ 140 1 18
Trostyanetsky Makivske 50°53″10¢ 34°97″15¢ 165 1 18
Trostyanetsky Lytovske 50°36″15¢ 34°86″12¢ 143 1 18
Trostyanetsky Trostyanetske 50°28″30¢ 34°58″18¢ 118 1 18
Total 38 688

Coleopterous predator–prey ratio in different parts of stem depending on health condition of the trees*

Sampled part of stem Predator–prey ratio by the health condition tree classes
4 – drying up 5 – recently died 6 – died over a year ago
Upper, thin bark 0.0a 1.9 ± 0.54c 4.1 ± 0.70e
Transitional bark 0.0a 3.6 ± 0.76c 8.3 ± 1.08f
Lower, thick bark 16.1 ± 1.49b 9.3 ± 0.59d 7.0 ± 1.02f
All samples 12.4 ± 1.17b 7.1 ± 0.42g 6.3 ± 0.53f

Species composition of coleopterous predators in different years of assessment

Predator species Years
2019 2020 2021
Upper stem part (thin bark)
Corticeus pini 0 29.2 ± 9.28a 0
Rhizophagus depressus 0 0 25.0 ± 9.68a
Platysoma elongatum 0 41.6 ± 10.06a 25.0 ± 9.68a
Aulonium ruficorne 0 0 35.0 ± 10.67a
Thanasimus formicarius 0 29.2 ± 9.28a 15.0 ± 7.98a
Middle stem part (transitional bark)
Corticeus pini 0 20.0 ± 5.16a 9.1 ± 6.13a
Rhizophagus depressus 0 20.0 ± 5.16a 13.6 ± 7.32a
Platysoma elongatum 0 8.3 ± 3.57a 27.3 ± 9.50b
Aulonium ruficorne 0 20.0 ± 5.16a 22.7 ± 8.93a
Thanasimus formicarius 0 23.3 ± 5.46a 18.2 ± 8.22a
Thanasimus femoralis 0 8.3 ± 3.57a 9.1 ± 6.13a
Lower stem part (thick bark)
Corticeus pini 3.6 ± 2.52a 20.2 ± 2.63b 20.7 ± 4.48b
Rhizophagus depressus 1.8 ± 1.80a 19.3 ± 2.59b 17.1 ± 4.16b
Platysoma elongatum 41.8 ± 6.65c 6.4 ± 1.61d 12.2 ± 3.61e
Aulonium ruficorne 18.2 ± 5.20b 36.5 ± 3.15f 40.2 ± 5.42f
Salpingus ruficollis 0 0.9 ± 0.60g 0
Thanasimus formicarius 25.5 ± 5.87h 10.7 ± 2.03i 8.5 ± 3.09i
Thanasimus femoralis 9.1 ± 3.88j 6.0 ± 1.56j 1.2 ± 1.21k

HCI for Scots pine trees sampled in different stem parts

Sampled part of stem Mean HCI ± st. err. for years*
2019 2020 2021
Upper (thin bark) 4.4 ± 0.13a (27) 5.3 ± 0.07b (72) 6.0 ± 0.0c (30)
Middle (transitional bark) 4.4 ± 0.13a (27) 5.3 ± 0,07b (72) 6.0 ± 0,0c (30)
Lower (thick bark) 4.5 ± 0.08a (72) 4.7 ± 0.04d (265) 5.3 ± 0.05e (90)
All samples 4.5 ± 0.06a (126) 4.9 ± 0.04f (409) 5.6 ± 0.04g (150)

Species composition of coleopterous predators in sample trees of different health condition

Predator species Health condition classes
4 – drying up 5 – recently died 6 – died over a year ago
1 2 3 4
Upper stem part (thin bark)
Corticeus pini 0 58.4 ± 14.23a 15.6 ± 6.41b
Rhizophagus depressus 0 0 34.4 ± 8.40c
Platysoma elongatum 0 33.3 ± 13.60c 21.9 ± 7.31c
Aulonium ruficorne 0 0 28.1 ± 7.95d
Thanasimus formicarius 0 8.3 ± 7.96e 0
Middle stem part (transitional bark)
Corticeus pini 0 45.5 ± 10.62a 7.3 ± 3.50b
Rhizophagus depressus 0 22.7 ± 8.93c 18.2 ± 5.20c
Platysoma elongatum 0 0.0 20.0 ± 5.39c
Aulonium ruficorne 0 13.6 ± 7.32d 25.5 ± 5.87d
Thanasimus formicarius 0 18.2 ± 8.22d 25.5 ± 5.87d
Thanasimus femoralis 0 0.0 3.6 ± 2.52e
Lower stem part (thick bark)
Corticeus pini 15.3 ± 3.64a 20.0 ± 2.67a 4.7 ± 3.21e
Rhizophagus depressus 13.3 ± 3.43a 18.7 ± 2.60a 11.6 ± 4.89a
Platysoma elongatum 9.2 ± 2.92a 15.6 ± 2.42a 9.3 ± 4.43a
Aulonium ruficorne 40.8 ± 4.96b 28.0 ± 2.99c 58.1 ± 7.52b
Salpingus ruficollis 2.0 ± 1.43d 0.0d 0.0d
Thanasimus formicarius 14.3 ± 3.53a 13.3 ± 2.27a 4.7 ± 3.21e
Thanasimus femoralis 5.1 ± 2.22d 4.4 ± 1.37d 11.6 ± 4.89d

Calculation of Sorenson–Chekanovsky index (Csc) for predator complexes in the different parts of stem, class of tree health condition and years of assessment

Group of samples A Species number in A Group of samples B Species number in B Number of common species for A and B Csc
HCC Stem part Year HCC Stem part Year
All U All 5 All L All 7 5 0.83
All U All 5 All M All 6 5 0.91
All M All 6 All L All 7 6 0.92
4 All All 7 5 All All 6 6 0.92
4 All All 7 6 All All 6 6 0.92
5 All All 6 6 All All 6 6 1.00
All All 2019 6 All All 2020 7 6 0.92
All All 2019 6 All All 2021 6 6 1.00
All All 2020 7 All All 2021 6 6 0.92
5 U 2020 3 5 M 2020 4 2 0.57
5 U 2020 3 5 L 2020 6 3 0.67
5 M 2020 4 5 L 2020 6 4 0.80
6 U 2020 2 6 M 2020 5 2 0.57
6 U 2020 2 6 L 2020 5 2 0.57
6 M 2020 5 6 L 2020 5 4 0.80
6 U 2021 4 6 M 2021 6 4 0.80
6 U 2021 4 6 L 2021 5 4 0.89
6 M 2021 6 6 L 2021 5 5 0.91

Coleopterous predator–prey ratio in different years and parts of stem

Sampled part of stem Predator–prey ratio by years, %
2019 2020 2021
Upper (thin bark) 0.0a 2.75 ± 0.55b 5.78 ± 1.25c
Middle (transitional bark) 0.0a 7.46 ± 0.93d 7.94 ± 1.62cd
Lower (thick bark) 7.27 ± 0.94e 12.56 ± 0.77g 7.95 ± 0.84d
All samples 7.27 ± 0.71e 8.97 ± 0.48d 7.50 ± 0.65d
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