A Voluntary Divide? Exploring the Role of Digitalisation in German Rural Volunteering

[1] Barutzki, B., Kribbel, H., Magin, A., Hennig, S. & Thewes, C. (2023). Zwischen Appstore und Vereinsregister. Ländliches Ehrenamt auf dem Weg ins digitale Zeitalter. Bad Belzig: neuland21.Search in Google Scholar

[2] Baur, N., Kelle, U. & Kuckartz, U., eds. (2017). Mixed methods – Stand der Debatte und aktuelle Problemlagen. Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie 69(2), 1–37. DOI: 10.1007/s11577-017-0450-5.Search in Google Scholar

[3] Berg, M., Hess, A. & Koch, M. (2021). Digital Communication to Compensate for Social Distancing. In Kurosu, M., ed., Design and user experience case studies (pp. 511–526). Cham: Springer. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-78468-3_35.Search in Google Scholar

[4] Bieber, C., Dickel, S., Emmer, M., Grunert, C., Hofmann, J., Hüther, M., Joost, G., Reinders, H. & Riekmann, W. (2020). Dritter Engagementbericht. Zukunft Zivilgesellschaft: Junges Engagement im digitalen Zeitalter. Berlin: Bundesministerium für Familie, Senioren, Frauen und Jugend.Search in Google Scholar

[5] Binder, J. & Sept, A. (2022). Debordered Materiality and Digital Biographies: Digital Transformation in Rural-Peripheral Areas. Historical Social Research 47(3), 291–314. DOI: 10.12759/hsr.47.2022.34.Search in Google Scholar

[6] Birnbaum, L., Wilhelm, C., Chilla, T. & Kröner, S. (2021). Place attachment and digitalisation in rural regions. Journal of Rural Studies 87, 189–198. DOI: 10.1016/j.jrurstud.2021.09.015.Search in Google Scholar

[7] Bosworth, G., Price, L., Collison, M. & Fox, C. (2020). Unequal futures of rural mobility: Challenges for a “Smart Countryside”. Local Economy 35(6), 586–608. DOI:10.1177/0269094220968231.Search in Google Scholar

[8] Brennen, J. S. & Kreiss, D. (2016). Digitalization. In Jensen, K. B., Rothenbuhler, E. W., Pooley, J. D. & Craig, R. T., eds., The International Encyclopedia of Communication Theory and Philosophy (pp. 556–566). Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell. DOI: 10.1002/9781118766804.Search in Google Scholar

[9] Büchner, S., Hergesell, J. & Kallinikos, J. (2022). Digital Transformation(s): On the Entanglement of Long-Term Processes and Digital Social Change. An Introduction. Historical Social Research 47(3), (pp. 7–39). DOI: 10.12759/hsr.47.2022.25.Search in Google Scholar

[10] Choudhury, N. (2014). World Wide Web and Its Journey from Web 1.0 to Web 4.0. International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technologies 5(6), 8096–8100.Search in Google Scholar

[11] Cureton, E. E. & D’Agostino, R. B. (2013). Factor analysis: An applied approach. New York: Psychology Press. DOI: 10.4324/9781315799476.Search in Google Scholar

[12] Davies, A., Lockstone-Binney, L. & Holmes, K. (2018). Who are the future volunteers in rural places? Understanding the demographic and background characteristics of non-retired rural volunteers, why they volunteer and their future migration intentions. Journal of Rural Studies 60, 167–175. DOI: 10.1016/j.jrurstud.2018.04.00.Search in Google Scholar

[13] Duarte Alonso, A. & Nyanjom, J. (2016). Volunteering, paying it forward, and rural community: A study of Bridgetown, Western Australia. Community Development 47(4), 481–495. DOI: 10.1080/15575330.2016.1185449.Search in Google Scholar

[14] Erhardt, J. & Freitag, M. (2021). The Janus-Face of Digitalization: The Relation Between Internet Use and Civic Engagement Reconsidered. Social Science Computer Review 39(3), 315–334. DOI: 10.1177/0894439319861966.Search in Google Scholar

[15] Fabrigar, L. R. & Wegener, D. T. (2011). Exploratory factor analysis. Oxford University Press. DOI: 10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199734177.001.0001.Search in Google Scholar

[16] Filsinger, M. & Freitag, M. (2019). Internet Use and Volunteering: Relationships and Differences Across Age and Applications. VOLUNTAS: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations, 30(1), 87–97. DOI: 10.1007/s11266-018-0045-4.Search in Google Scholar

[17] Filsinger, M., Ackermann, K. & Freitag, M. (2020). Surfing to help? An empirical analysis of Internet use and volunteering in 27 European societies. European Societies, 22(3), 368–389. DOI: 10.1080/14616696.2019.1663895.Search in Google Scholar

[18] Gieling, J. & Haartsen, T. (2017). Liveable Villages: The Relationship between Volunteering and Liveability in the Perceptions of Rural Residents. Sociologia Ruralis 57, 576–597. DOI: 10.1111/soru.12151.Search in Google Scholar

[19] Gilroy, P., Krimmer, H., Priemer, J., Kononykhina, O., Pereira Robledo, M. & Stratenwerth-Neunzig, F. (2018). Vereinssterben in ländlichen Regionen – Digitalisierung als Chance. Berlin: ZiviZ.Search in Google Scholar

[20] Harrington, D. (2009). Confirmatory factor analysis. Oxford University Press.Search in Google Scholar

[21] Heinze, R.G., Beckmann, F. & Schönauer, A.-L. (2019). Die Digitalisierung des Engagements: zwischen Hype und disruptivem Wandel. In Heinze, R. G., Kurtenbach, S. & Üblacker, J., eds., Digitalisierung und Nachbarschaft. Erosion des Zusammenlebens oder neue Vergemeinschaftung? (pp. 61–90). Baden-Baden: Nomos. DOI: 10.5771/9783845292953-61.Search in Google Scholar

[22] Hölzel, M. & de Vries, W. T. (2021). Digitization as a Driver for Rural Development – An Indicative Description of German Coworking Space Users. Land 10(3) Article 326. DOI: 10.3390/land10030326.Search in Google Scholar

[23] Kleiner, T.-M. (2021). Civic Participation and Social Embeddedness: Differences between Urban and Rural Communities. The International Journal of Community and Social Development 3(1), 45–67. DOI: 10.1177/25166026211002048.Search in Google Scholar

[24] Kleiner, T.-M. & Klärner, A. (2019). Bürgerschaftliches Engagement in ländlichen Räumen: Politische Hoffnungen, empirische Befunde und Forschungsbedarf [Thünen Working Paper 129], Braunschweig: Thünen-Institut für ländliche Räume. DOI: 10.3220/WP1569323235000.Search in Google Scholar

[25] Kleiner, T.-M. & Burkhardt, L. (2021). Ehrenamtliches Engagement: Soziale Gruppen insbesondere in sehr ländlichen Räumen unterschiedlich stark beteiligt. DIW Wochenbericht 88(35), 571–579. DOI: 10.18723/diw_wb:2021-35-1.Search in Google Scholar

[26] Klimova, B. & Poulova, P. (2018). Older People and Technology Acceptance. In Zhou, J. & Salvendy, G., eds., Human Aspects of IT for the Aged Population. Acceptance, Communication and Participation (pp. 85–94). Cham: Springer. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-92034-4_7.Search in Google Scholar

[27] Krasilnikova, N. & Levin-Keitel, M. (2022). Mobile Arbeit aus sozioräumlicher Perspektive: Co-Working Spaces als Chance für suburbane und ländliche Räume? Spatial Research and Planning 80(3), 360–372. DOI: 10.14512/rur.115.Search in Google Scholar

[28] Krimmer, H., ed. (2019). Datenreport Zivilgesellschaft. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-658-22958-0.Search in Google Scholar

[29] Krimmer, H., Beyer, C. & Klaudius, A. (2020). Engagement im digitalen Wandel. Essen: Stifterverband für die Deutsche Wissenschaft e.V.Search in Google Scholar

[30] Knoblauch, H. & Löw, M. (2020). The Re-Figuration of Spaces and Refigured Modernity – Concept and Diagnosis. Historical Social Research 45(2), 263–292. DOI: 10.12759/hsr.45.2020.2.263-292.Search in Google Scholar

[31] Küpper, P. (2016). Abgrenzung und Typisierung ländlicher Räume [Thünen Working paper 68]. Braunschweig: Thünen-Institut für ländliche Räume. DOI: 10.3220/WP1481532921000.Search in Google Scholar

[32] Thünen Landatlas (2021). Bundesministerium für Ernährung and Landwirtschaft. Last accessed 03/12/2023. Retrieved from www.landatlas.de.Search in Google Scholar

[33] Trang Le, T. H. & Kolleck, N. (2022). The Power of Places in Building Cultural and Arts Education Networks and Cooperation in Rural Areas. Social Inclusion 10(3), 284–294. DOI: 10.17645/si.v10i3.5299.Search in Google Scholar

[34] Mayring, P. (2015). Qualitative Inhaltsanalyse: Grundlagen und Techniken. Weinheim: Beltz.Search in Google Scholar

[35] Mayring, P. (2019). Qualitative Inhaltsanalyse – Abgrenzungen, Spielarten, Weiterentwicklungen, Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung 20(3), 1–15. DOI: 10.17169/fqs-20.3.3343.Search in Google Scholar

[36] Mettenberger, T. & Küpper, P. (2019). Potential and Impediments to Senior Citizens’ Volunteering to Maintain Basic Services in Shrinking Regions. Sociologia Ruralis 59(4) 739–762. DOI: 10.1111/soru.12254.Search in Google Scholar

[37] Meyn, M. (2020). Digitalization and Its Impact on Life in Rural Areas: Exploring the Two Sides of the Atlantic: USA and Germany. In Patnaik, S., Sen, S., Mahmoud, M., eds., Smart Village Technology (pp. 99–116). Cham: Springer. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-37794-6_5.Search in Google Scholar

[38] Müller-Jentsch, W. (2008). Der Verein – ein blinder Fleck der Organisationssoziologie. Berliner Journal für Soziologie 18(3) 1–27. DOI: 10.1007/s11609-008-0020-9.Search in Google Scholar

[39] Naldi, L., Nilsson, P., Westlund, H. & Wixe, S. (2015). What is smart rural development? Journal of Rural Studies, 40, 90–101. DOI: 10.1016/j.jrurstud.2015.06.006.Search in Google Scholar

[40] Paarlberg, L. E., Nesbit, R., Choi, S. Y. & Moss, M. (2022). The Rural/Urban Volunteering Divide. VOLUNTAS: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations 33(3), 107–120. DOI: 10.1007/s11266-021-00401-2.Search in Google Scholar

[41] Piatak, J., Dietz, N. & McKeever, B. (2019). Bridging or Deepening the Digital Divide: Influence of Household Internet Access on Formal and Informal Volunteering. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly 48(2), 123–150. DOI: 10.1177/0899764018794907.Search in Google Scholar

[42] Porsche, L. (2021). Kleinstädte – digital, smart oder intelligent? In Steinführer, A., Porsche, L. & Sondermann, M., eds., Kompendium Kleinstadtforschung (pp. 155–176). Hannover: Akademie für Rumentwicklung in Leibniz Gemeinschaft.Search in Google Scholar

[43] Priemer, J., Bischoff, A., Hohendanner, C., Krebstakies, R., Rump, B. & Schmitt, W. (2019). Organisierte Zivilgesellschaft. In H. Krimmer, ed., Datenreport Zivilgesellschaft (pp. 7–54). Wiesbaden: Springer VS. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-658-22958-0_3.Search in Google Scholar

[44] Richter, R. & Witte, P. (2022). “Ohne Auto geht nix”? Eine Untersuchung zur Mobilitäts- und Logistikwende im suburbanen Raum [IRS Dialog 1/2022]. Erkner bei Berin: Leibniz-Institut für Raumbezogene Sozialforschung.Search in Google Scholar

[45] Scherpenzeel, A. C. & Das, M. (2010). “True” Longitudinal and Probability-Based Internet Panels: Evidence from the Netherlands. In Das, M., Ester, P. & Kaczmirek, L., eds., Social and Behavioral Research and the Internet: Advances in Applied Methods and Research Strategies (pp. 77–104). Boca Raton, FL: Taylor & Francis.Search in Google Scholar

[46] Schwarzenberg, T., Miggelbrink, J. & Meyer, F. (2017). „Nicht für Erich Honecker früher oder heute für Angela Merkel, sondern für sich selber” – Eine Fallstudie zu ehrenamtlichen Engagementformen im ländlichen Raum zwischen gesellschaftspolitischen Ansprüchen und individuellen Wahrnehmungen. Raumforschung und Raumordnung | Spatial Research and Planning 75(6), 563–576. DOI: 10.1007/s13147-017-0493-0.Search in Google Scholar

[47] Shucksmith, M. & Brown, D. L., eds. (2016). Routledge international handbook of rural studies. Abingdon-on-Thames: Routledge. DOI: 10.4324/9781315753041.Search in Google Scholar

[48] Sigismund, M. (2021). Regionalstatistische Raumtypologie (RegioStaR) des BMVI für die Mobilitäts- und Verkehrsforschung. Arbeitspapier. Ministerium für Digitales und Verkehr. Last accessed 03/12/2023. Retrieved from https://www.bmvi.de/SharedDocs/DE/Anlage/G/regiostararbeitspapier.pdf?blob=publicationFile.Search in Google Scholar

[49] Simonson, J., Kelle, N., Kausmann, C., Karnick, N., Arriagada, C., Hagen, C., Hameister, N., Huxhold, O. & Tesch-Römer, C. (2021). Freiwilliges Engagement in Deutschland. Der Deutsche Freiwilligensurvey 2019. Wiesbaden: Springer VS. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-658-35317-9.Search in Google Scholar

[50] Smith, D. H. & Stebbins, R. A. (2016). Introduction. In Smith, D. H., Stebbins, R. A., eds., The Palgrave Handbook of Volunteering, Civic Participation, and Non-Profit Associations (pp. 1–20). London, New York: Palgrave Macmillan. DOI: 10.1007/978-1-137-26317-9_1.Search in Google Scholar

[51] Sozio-oekonomisches Panel (SOEP) (2023). Daten der Jahre 1984–2021 EU-Edition. Berlin: Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung. DOI: 10.5684/soep.core.v38eu.Search in Google Scholar

[52] Stein, V., Pentzold, C., Peter, S. & Sterly, S. (2022). Digitalization and Civic Participation in Rural Areas. A Systematic Review of Scientific Journals, 2010–2020. Raumforschung und Raumordnung 80(3), 251–265. DOI: 10.14512/rur.112.Search in Google Scholar

[53] Steinführer, A. (2015). Bürger in der Verantwortung. Veränderte Akteursrollen in der Bereitstellung ländlicher Daseinsvorsorge. Raumforschung und Raumordnung 73(1), 5–16. DOI: 10.1007/s13147-014-0318-3.Search in Google Scholar

[54] Tesch-Römer, C. & Huxhold, O. (2022). Nutzung des Internets für die freiwillige Tätigkeit. In Simonson, J., Kelle, N., Kausmann, C. & Tesch-Römer, C., eds., Freiwilliges Engagement in Deutschland (pp. 221–242). Wiesbaden: Springer VS. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-658-35317-9_12.Search in Google Scholar

[55] Thewes, C. (2023). Zwischen Appstore und Vereinsregister – Ländliches Ehrenamt auf dem Weg ins digitale Zeitalter (AppVeL). GESIS, Köln. Datenfile Version 2.0.0. DOI: 10.7802/2577.Search in Google Scholar

[56] Witzel, A. (2000). Das problemzentrierte Interview. Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung 1(1), Art. 22. DOI: 10.17169/fqs-1.1.1132.Search in Google Scholar

[57] Zerrer, N. & Sept, A. (2020). Smart Villagers as Actors of Digital Social Innovation in Rural Areas: Analysis of Two Case Studies. Urban Planning 5(4), 78–88. DOI: 10.17645/up.v5i4.3183.Search in Google Scholar

[58] Zerrer, N., Sept, A. & Christmann, G. (2022). Rural Community Development Click-by-Click: Processes and dynamics of digitally supported social innovations in peripheral rural areas. Raumforschung und Raumordnung 80(3), 314–328. DOI: 10.14512/rur.145.Search in Google Scholar

[59] BMVI (2021). RegioStaR: Regional Statistical Spatial Typology for Mobility and Transport Research. Bonn: German Federal Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure. Last accessed 03/12/2023. Retrieved from: https://bmdv.bund.de/SharedDocs/DE/Anlage/G/regiostar-raumtypologieenglisch.pdf?__blob=publicationFile.Search in Google Scholar

[60] European Social Survey Round 10 (2020). Data file edition 1.2. Trondheim: Norwegian Agency for Shared Services in Education and Research. DOI: 10.21338/NSD-ESS10-2020.Search in Google Scholar

[61] Understanding Society: Waves 1–13, 2009–2022 and Harmonised BHPS: Waves 1–18, 1991–2009. [data collection]. 18th Ed. Colchester: University of Essex. DOI: 10.5255/UKDA-SN-6614-19.Search in Google Scholar

[62] Open Knowledge Foundation Deutschland e.V. (2019). https://offeneregister.de.Search in Google Scholar