[
Adams, A. (1999). Germination of Callitris seeds about temperature, water stress, priming, and hydration-dehydration cycles. J. Arid Environ., 43, 437–448. DOI: 10.1006/jare.1999.0567.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Andrews, T.S., Jones, C.E. & Whalley D.B. (1997). Factors affecting the germination of Giant Parramatta grass. Aust. J. Exp. Agric., 37(4), 439–446. DOI: 10.1071/EA96078.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Arif, A. (1994). Effect of seedling depth on emergence of Argania Spinosa (L). Al Awamia, 87, 149–153.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Aronson, J., Floret, C., Le Floc’h, E., Ovalle, C. & Pontanier R. (1993). Restoration and rehabilitation of degraded ecosystems in arid and semiarid regions. I. A view from the south. Restor. Ecol., 1, 8–17. DOI: 10.1111/j.1526-100X.1993.tb00004.x.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Benvenuti, S., Macchia, M. & Miele S. (2001). Light, temperature and burial depth effects on Rumex obtussifolius seed germination and emergence. Weed Res., 41(2), 177–186. DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-3180.2001.00230.x.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Blank, R.R., Young, J.A., Martens, E. & Palmquist D.E. (1994). Influence of temperature andosmotic potential on germination of Allenrolfea occidentalis seeds. J. Arid Environ., 26(4), 339–347. DOI: 10.1006/jare.1994.1036.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Bonvissuto, G.L. & Busso C.A. (2007). Germination of grasses and shrubs under various water stress and temperature conditions. Phyton - International Journal of Experimental Botany, 76, 119–131. DOI: 10.32604/phyton.2007.76.119.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Bouzoubaa, Z. & El Mousadi A. (2003). Effet de la température, du déficit hydrique et de la salinité sur la germination de l’Arganier, Argania spinosa (L.) Skeels. Acta Bot. Gall., 150(3), 321–330. DOI: 10.1080/12538078.2003.10515999.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Boyd, N.S. & Van Acker R.C. (2003). The effects of depth and fluctuating soil moisture on the emergence of eight annual and six perennial plant species. Weed Sci., 51, 725–730. DOI: 10.1614/P2002-111
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Boydston, R.A. (1989). Germination and emergence of longspine sand-bur (Cenchrus lonispinus). Weed Sci., 37, 63–67. DOI : 10.1017/ S0043174500055867.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Brenchley, J.L. & Probert R.J. (1998). Seed germination responses to some environmental factors in the seagrass Zostera capricorni from eastern Australia. Aquat. Bot., 62, 177–188. DOI : 10.1016/S0304-3770(98)00089-8.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Briede, J.W. & McKell C.M. (1992). Germination of seven perennial arid land species, subjected to soil moisture stress. J. Arid Environ., 23, 263–270. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-1963(18)30515-9.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Carpita, N., Sabularse, D., Montezinos, D. & Delmer D.P. (1979). Determination of the Pore Size of Cell Walls of Living Plant Cells. Science, 205, 1144–1147. DOI: 10.1126/science.205.4411.1144.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Chaieb, M. (1989). Influence des réserves hydriques du sol sur le comportement comparé de quelques espèces Végétales de la zone aride tunisienne. Thèse de Doctorat (Ph.D.), University of Montpellier II.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Chaieb, M. & Boukhris M. (1998). Flore succincte et illustrée des zones arides et sahariennes de Tunisie. Sfax: Association pour la Protection de la Nature et de l’Environnement.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Chen, P.H. & Kuo W.H.J. (1999). Seasonal changes in the germination of buried seeds of Monochoria vaginalis. Weed Res., 39, 107–115. DOI : 10.1046/j.1365-3180.1999. 00128.x.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Choinski, J.S. & Tuohy J.M. (1991). Effect of water potential and temperature on the germination of four species of African savanna trees. Ann. Bot., 8, 227–233. DOI : 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a088247.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Cronquist, A. (1981). An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants. Columbia: Columbia University Press.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Dadach, M., Benajaoud, A. & Mehdadi Z. (2021). Salt and drought effect on germination and initial growth of Lavandula stoechas: A Potential candidate for rehabilitation of the Mediterranean disturbed coastal lands. Ekológia (Bratislava), 40(4), 301–311. DOI: 10.2478/eko-2021-0032.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Danthu, P., Ndongo, M., Diaou, M., Thiam, O., Sarr, A., Dedhiou, B. & Vall O.M. (2003). Impact of bush fire on germination of some West African acacias. For. Ecol. Manag., 173(1), 1–10. DOI: 10.1016/S0378-1127(01)00822-2.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Derbel, S. & Chaieb M. (2007). Germination behaviour and seedling establishment of two desert shrubs, Calligonum polygonoides (Polygonaceae) and Spartidium saharae (Fabaceae), under experimental conditions. Acta Bot. Gall., 154(4), 533–544. DOI : 10.1080/12538078.2007.10516079.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Derbel, S., Touzard, B. & Chaieb M. (2010) Germination responses of a Saharan species Henophyton deserti Coss. & Durieu to temperature and water stress. Seed Sci. Technol., 38(3), 646–654. DOI: 10.15258/sst.2010.38.3.12.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Dghim, F., Bouaziz, M., Mezghani, I., Boukhris, M. & Neffati M. (2015). Laticifers identification and natural rubber characterization from the latex of Periploca angustifolia Labill. (Apocynaceae). Flora, 217, 1–9. DOI : 10.1016/j.flora.2015.09.006.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
El-Keblawy, A. & Al-Rawai A. (2006). Effects of seed maturation time and dry storage on light and temperature requirements during germination in invasive Prosopis juliflora. Flora, 201(2), 135–143. DOI : 10.1016/j. flora.2005.04.009.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Ferchichi, A., Mahamadou, I. & Ferjani E. (2004). Etude de l’aptitude à la levée et à l’installation par semis direct de quatre espèces pastorales autochtones du Sud tunisien. Cahiers Options Méditerranéennes, 62, 411–415.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Ghrabi, Z. (2005). A Guide to Medicinal Plants in North Africa. IUCN Centre for Mediterranean Cooperation.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Gorai, M. & Neffati M. (2007). Germination responses of Reaumuria vermiculata to salinity and temperature. Ann. Appl. Biol., 151, 53–59. DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7348.2007. 00151.x.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Grouzis, M. (1976). Mission ORSTOM-FAO de Prospection de petit mil en République du Mali: Octobre-Novembre (Rapport préliminaire). Dakar: ORSTOM.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Grouzis, M. (1992). Germination et établissement des plantes annuelles sahéliens. ORSTOM.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Gutterman, Y. (1993). Seed Germination in Desert Plants. Berlin, Heidelberg, New York: Springer. DOI: 10.1017/S0960258500002592.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Hohl, M. & Schopfer P. (1991). Water Relations of Growing Maize Coleoptiles: Comparison between Mannitol and Polyethylene Glycol 6000 as External Osmotica for Adjusting Turgor Pressure. Plant Physio., 95, 716–722. DOI: 10.1104/pp.95.3.716.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Huang, Z., Zhang, X.S., Zheng, G.H. & Gutterman Y. (2003). Influence of light, temperature, salinity, and storage on seed germination of Haloxylon ammodendron. J. Arid Environ., 55, 453–464. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-1963(02)00294-X.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Huang, Z.Y. & Gutterman Y. (2000). Comparison of germination strategies of Artemisia ordosica with its two congeners from the deserts of China and Israel. Acta Bot. Sin., 42, 71–80. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1227.2012.00036.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Jaouadi, W., Hamrouni, L., Souayeh, N. & Khouja M.L. (2010). Etude de la germination desgraines d’Acacia tortilis sous différentes contraintes abiotiques. Biotechnologie, Agronomie, Société et Environnement, 14(4), 643–652.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Khan, M.A. & Ungar I.A. (1984). Seed polymorphism and germination responses to salinity stress in Atriplex triangularis Willd. Botanical Gazette, 145, 487–494. https://www.jstor.org/stable/2474258
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Le Floc’h, E., Neffati, M., Chaieb, M., Floret, C. & Pontanier R. (1999). Rehabilitation experiment at menzel habib, southern Tunisia. Arid Soil Research and Rehabilitation, 13, 357–368. DOI: 10.1080/089030699263249.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Lopez, M., Humara, J.M., Casares, A. & Majada J. (2000). The effect of temperature and water stress on laboratory germination of Eucalyptus globulus La-bill. Seeds of different sizes. Ann. For. Sci., 57(3), 245–250. DOI: 10.1051/forest:2000115.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Lu, Z. & Neumann P.M. (1999). Water Stress Inhibits Hydraulic Conductance and Leaf Growth in Rice Seedlings but Not the Transport of Water via Mercury-Sensitive Water Channels in the Root. Plant Physiol., 120, 143–152. DOI: 10.1104/pp.120.1.143.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Ma, Chuang, Zhang, W.H. & Liu X.Ch. (2008). Effects of isoosmotic potential salt and water stress on the seed germination of Periploca sepium Bge. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 28, 465–470. DOI: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2008.04.017.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Maraghni, M., Gorai, M. & Neffati M. (2010). Seed germination at different temperatures and water stress levels, and seedling emergence from different depths of Ziziphus lotus. S. Afr. J. Bot., 76, 453–459. DOI: 10.1016/j. sajb.2010.02.092.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Maun, M.A. (1994). Adaptations enhancing survival and establishment of seedlings on coastal dune systems. Vegetatio, 111, 59–70. DOI: 10.1007/ BF00045577.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Michel, B.E. & Kaufmann M.R. (1973). The osmotic potential of polyethylene glycol 6000. Plant Physiol., 51, 914–916. DOI : 10.1104/pp.51.5.914.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Navarro, L. & Guitian J. (2003). Seed germination and seedling survival of two threatened endemic species of the northwest Iberian Peninsula. Biol Conserv., 109, 313–320. DOI : 10.1016/S0006-3207(02)00151-9.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Neffati, M. (1994). Caractérisation morphologique de certaines espèces végétales nord africaines. Implications pour l’amélioration pastorale. Ph.D. Thesis, Gent University, Belgium.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Neffati, M. & Akrimi N. (1996). Étude des caractéristiques germinatives de semences de quelques légumineuses spontanées de la Tunisie steppique. Revue des régions arides. Actes du séminaire international, Jerba 5-7 décembre 1996.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Noumi, Z., Ouled Dhaou, S. & Chaieb M. (2013). Seed germination characteristics of Periploca angustifolia Labill. and Rhus tripartita (Ucria) Grande: effects of temperature, salinity, and water stress. Acta Bot. Gall., 157, 317–327. DOI : 10.1080/12538078.2010.10516209.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Ouled Belgacem, A., Neffati, M., Papanastasis, V.P. & Chaieb M. (2006). Effects of seed age and seeding depth on the growth of Stipa lagascae R. & Sch. Seedlings. J. Arid Environ., 65, 682–687. DOI : 10.1016/j. jaridenv.2005.10.001.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Pandey, R. & Agarwal R.M. (1998). Water stress-induced changes in proline contents and nitrate reductase activity in rice under light and dark conditions. Physiol. Mol. Biol. Plants, 4, 53–57.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Pearson, C.J. & Ison R.L. (1987). Agronomy and grassland system. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Quezel, P. & Santa S. (1962). Nouvelle flore de l’Algérie et des régions désertiques Méridionales. CmNeR S Ed
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Rajjou, L. & Debeaujon I. (2008). Seed longevity: Survival and maintenance of high germination ability of dry seeds. C. R. Biol., 331, 796–805. DOI: 10.1016/j.crvi.2008.07.021.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Rebollo, S., Perez-Camacho, L., Garcia-de Juan, M.T., Rey Benayas, J.M. & Gomez- Sal A. (2001). Recruitment in a Mediterranean annual plant community: seed bank, emergent, litter, and intra and inter-specific interactions. Oikos, 95, 485–495. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3547505
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Ren, J. & Tao L. (2003). Effect of hydration–dehydration cycles on germination of seven Calligonum species. J. Arid Environ., 55, 111–122. DOI: 10.1016/ S0140-1963(02)00257-4.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Sannad, A. (1999). Contribution à l’étude des conditions écologiques de développement du genre Ziziphus Mill. Dans son aire naturelle d’extension et les caractéristiques d’installation de Z. spina-christi (Imbibition, dormance, germination). Mémoire de 3éme cycle, IAV Hassan II, Rabat.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Sharma, M.L. (1973). Simulation of drought and its effect on germination of five pasture species. Agron. J., 65, 982–987. DOI: 10.2134/agronj1973.000 21962006500060041x.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Singh, C., Khajuria, H.N., Singh, A. & Sharma F. (1991). Acacias for arid regions. Acta Botanica Indica, 19, 29–32.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Talbi, S. (2008). Effet du stress hydrique sur le comportement physiologique et morphologique de trois espèces pastorales des zones arides tunisiennes: Lotus creticus, Plantago albicans et Rhanterium suaveolens. Mastère de lutte contre la désertification et gestion durable des ressources en milieux arides. Tunis: Institut National Agronomique (INAT).
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Tlig, T., Gorai, M. & Neffati M. (2008). Germination responses of Diplotaxis harra to temperature and salinity. Flora, 203, 421–428. DOI: 10.1016/j. flora.2007.07.002.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Verslues, P.E., Ober, E.S. & Sharp R.E. (1998). Root growth and oxygen relations at low water potentials. Impact of oxygen availability in polyethylene glycol solutions. Plant Physiol., 116, 1403–1412. DOI: 10.1104/pp.116.4.1403.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Wang, Z.L., Wang, G. & Liu X.M. (1998). Germination strategy of the temperate sandy desert annual chenopod Agriophylium squarrosum. J. Arid Environ., 40, 69–76. DOI : 10.1006/jare.1998.0422.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Yobi, A., Neffati, M. & Henchi B. (2001). A comparative study of the growth of the root system of two local pre-Saharan Tunisian trees: Rhus tripartitum (Ucria) DC and Periploca laevigata Labill. Consequences for a nursery-breeding program. Science et Changements Planétaires. Sécheresse, 7, 245–250.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Youssef, A.M. (2009). Seed Germination of Some Desert Plants from Egypt. Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt. Journal of Applied Sciences Research, 5, 144–150.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Zhang, Z.B. (2001). Effect of burial and environmental factors on seedling recruitment of Quercus liaotungensis Koidz. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 21, 374–384.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Zouidi M., Kadda, H., Terras, I., Allam, A., Hadjout, S., Mazari, F., Aouadj, S.A. & Djebbouri M. (2023). Effect of salinity and drought on the germination of Lygeum spartum L. in the region of Saїda (Western Algerian Steppe). Ekológia (Bratislava), 42(2), 159–164. DOI: 10.2478/eko-2023-0018.
]Search in Google Scholar
