[
1. Seguin E: The use of the thermometer in clinical medicine. Chicago M J. 1866, 23:193–201.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
2. Cushing H: On routine determinations of arterial tension in operating room and clinic. Boston M & S J. 1903, 148:250–256.10.1056/NEJM190303051481002
]Search in Google Scholar
[
3. Yale SH, Tekiner H, Mazza JJ, Yale ES: Confusing terminology in COVID-19: signs, symptoms, and physical findings. Erciyes Med J. 2021, 43 (5):417–418.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
4. Yale SH, Tekiner H, Görkem SB, Draves J, Ye F, Yale ES: Clarifying terminology of signs in COVID-19. Erciyes Med J. 2021;43 (6):530–536.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
5. Fortmann AL, Spierling Bagsic SR, Talavera L, Garcia IM, Sandoval H, Hottinger A, Philis Tsimikas A: Glucose as the fifth vital sign: a randomized controlled trial of continuous glucose monitoring in a non-ICU hospital setting. Diabetes Care. 2020, 43 (11):2873–2877.10.2337/dc20-1016757642732855160
]Search in Google Scholar
[
6. Mower WR, Sachs C, Nicklin EL, Baraff LJ: Pulse oximetry as a fifth pediatric vital sign. Pediatrics. 1997, 99 (5):681–686.10.1542/peds.99.5.6819113944
]Search in Google Scholar
[
7. Tierney LM Jr, Whooley MA, Saint S: Oxygen saturation: a fifth vital sign?. West J Med. 1997,166:285–286.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
8. Mower WR, Myers G, Nicklin EL, Kearin KT, Baraff LJ, Sachs C: Pulse oximetry as a fifth vital sign in emergency geriatric assessment. Acad Emerg Med. 1998, 5 (9):858–865.10.1111/j.1553-2712.1998.tb02813.x9754497
]Search in Google Scholar
[
9. Neff TA: Routine oximetry: a fifth vital sign? Chest. 1988, 94 (2):227.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
10. Birnbaum S: Pulse oximetry: identifying its applications, coding, and reimbursement. Chest. 2009, 135 (3):838–841.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
11. Branson RD, Mannheimer PD: Forehead oximetry in critically ill patients: the case for a new monitoring site. Respir Care Clin N Am. 2004, 10 (3):359–367.10.1016/j.rcc.2004.04.00315458733
]Search in Google Scholar
[
12. Hafen BB, Sharma S: Oxygen Saturation. (cited 2021 Aug 12). StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022. URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK525974/
]Search in Google Scholar
[
13. Popovich DM, Richiuso N, Danek G: Pediatric health care providers’ knowledge of pulse oximetry. Pediatr Nurs. 2004, 30 (1):14–20.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
14. Tozzetti C, Adembri C, Modesti PA: Pulse oximeter, the fifth vital sign: a safety belt or a prison of the mind? Intern Emerg Med. 2009, 4:331–332.10.1007/s11739-009-0268-x19526196
]Search in Google Scholar
[
15. Yazdanian H, Mahnam A, Edrisi M, Esfahani MA: Design and implementation of a portable impedance cardiography system for noninvasive stroke volume monitoring. J Med Signals Sens. 2016, 6 (1):47–56.10.4103/2228-7477.175871
]Search in Google Scholar
[
16. Summers RL, Kolb JC, Woodward LH, Galli RL: Diagnostic uses for thoracic electrical bioimpedance in the emergency department: clinical case series. Eur J Emerg Med. 1999, 6 (3):193–199.10.1097/00063110-199909000-0000410622382
]Search in Google Scholar
[
17. Hunter CL, Silvestri S, Ralls G, Bright S, Papa L: The sixth vital sign: prehospital end-tidal carbon dioxide predicts in-hospital mortality and metabolic disturbances. Am J Emerg Med. 2014, 32 (2):160-165.10.1016/j.ajem.2013.10.04924332900
]Search in Google Scholar
[
18. Hollinger M: Called to task for using the term, “fifth vital sign”. RN. 2004, 67 (10):12.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
19. Scott T: Why weight should be the fifth vital sign we check. Emerg Nurse. 2017, 24 (10):5.10.7748/en.24.10.5.s128279109
]Search in Google Scholar
[
20. Jellinek M, Murphy JM: Screening for psychosocial functioning as the eighth vital sign. JAMA Pediatr. 2021, 175 (1):13–14.10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.2005
]Search in Google Scholar
[
21. Perl TM, Price CS: Managing emerging infectious diseases: should travel be the fifth vital sign? Ann Intern Med. 2020, 172 (8):560–561.10.7326/M20-0643
]Search in Google Scholar
[
22. Kaira S, Verma K, Singh Balhara YP: The sixth vital sign in diabetes. J Pak Med Assoc. 2017, 67 (11):1775-1776.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
23. Fiore MC: The new vital sign: assessing and documenting smoking status. JAMA. 1991, 266 (22):3183–3184.10.1001/jama.1991.03470220099036
]Search in Google Scholar
[
24. Ahluwalia JS, Gibson CA, Kenney RE, Wallace DD, Resnicow K: Smoking status as a vital sign. J Gen Intern Med. 1999, 14 (7):402–408.10.1046/j.1525-1497.1999.09078.x
]Search in Google Scholar
[
25. Miller M: Smoking status should be the fifth vital sign. WMJ. 2000, 99 (3):9–10.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
26. Kum-Nji P, Meloy LD, Keyser-Marcus L: The prevalence and effects of environmental tobacco smoke exposure among inner-city children: lessons for pediatric residents. Acad Med. 2012, 87 (12):1772–1778.10.1097/ACM.0b013e318272f5e7
]Search in Google Scholar
[
27. Campbell JN: 1995 Presidential address. Pain Forum 1996, 5 (1):85–88.10.1016/S1082-3174(96)80076-6
]Search in Google Scholar
[
28. American Pain Society Quality of Care Committee: Quality improvement guidelines for the treatment of acute pain and cancer pain. JAMA. 1995, 274 (23):1874–1880.10.1001/jama.1995.035302300600327500539
]Search in Google Scholar
[
29. Kutzen H, Bennett M: Clinicians are encouraged to use HIV patients’ pain as a fifth vital sign. HIV Clin. 2000, 12 (1):1–5.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
30. Lafleur KJ: Taking the fifth (vital sign). RN. 2004, 67 (7):30-2, 34-6; quiz 37.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
31. Leyva Carmona M, Torres Luna R, Ortiz San Román L, Marsinyach Ros I, Navarro Marchena L, Mangudo Paredes AB, Ceano-Vivas la Calle M; en representación del Grupo Español para el Estudio del Dolor Pediátrico (GEEDP) de la AEP: Documento de posicionamiento del Grupo Español para el Estudio del Dolor Pediátrico (GEEDP) de la Asociación Española de Pediatría sobre el registro del dolor como quinta constante [Position document of the spanish association of paediatrics group for the study of paediatric pain on the recording of pain as fifth vital sign]. An Pediatr (Engl Ed). 2019, 91:58.e1-58.e7.10.1016/j.anpedi.2019.05.00131175071
]Search in Google Scholar
[
32. Rebalance Focus Action Group: A position paper: Screening key indicators in cancer patients—Pain as a 5th vital sign and emotional distress as a 6th vital sign. Canadian Strategy for Cancer Control Bulletin (suppl). 2005, 7:4.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
33. Solodiuk JC, Curley MAQ: In defense of routine inpatient pain assessment. Am J Nurs. 2017, 117 (5):11.10.1097/01.NAJ.0000516255.48226.5828448346
]Search in Google Scholar
[
34. Saranteas T, Kostroglou A, Anagnostopoulos D, Giannoulis D, Vasiliou P, Mavrogenis AF: Pain is vital in resuscitation in trauma. SICOT J. 2019, 5:28.10.1051/sicotj/2019028669474431414982
]Search in Google Scholar
[
35. (No author). St. Luke’s makes pain the fifth vital sign, cuts costs. Hosp Peer Rev. 1996, 21 (4):54,59.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
36. Campbell JN: The fifth vital sign revisited. Pain. 2016, 157 (1):3–4.10.1097/j.pain.000000000000041326683106
]Search in Google Scholar
[
37. Fitzpatrick JJ: The fifth vital sign: an agenda for nurse educators. Nurs Health Care Perspect. 1999, 20 (2):67.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
38. Levy N, Sturgess J, Mills P: Pain as the fifth vital sign and dependence on the numerical pain scale is being abandoned in the US: why? Br J Anaesth. 2018, 120 (3):435–438.10.1016/j.bja.2017.11.09829452798
]Search in Google Scholar
[
39. Lucas CE, Vlahos AL, Ledgerwood AM: Kindness kills: the negative impact of pain as the fifth vital sign. J Am Coll Surg. 2007, 205 (1):101–107.10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2007.01.06217617339
]Search in Google Scholar
[
40. Kutlutürkan S, Urvaylıoğlu AE: Evaluation of pain as a fifth vital sign: nurses’ opinions and beliefs. Asia Pac J Oncol Nurs. 2019, 7 (1):88–94.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
41. Morone NE, Weiner DK: Pain as the fifth vital sign: exposing the vital need for pain education. Clin Ther. 2013, 35 (11):1728–1732.10.1016/j.clinthera.2013.10.001388815424145043
]Search in Google Scholar
[
42. Christ M: Pain: the fifth vital sign. Swiss Med Wkly. 2020, 150:w20215.10.4414/smw.2020.2021532329804
]Search in Google Scholar
[
43. Gallo AM: The fifth vital sign: implementation of the neonatal infant pain scale. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs. 2003, 32 (2):199–206.10.1177/088421750325174512685671
]Search in Google Scholar
[
44. Pierucci R: Fetal pain: the science behind why it is the medical standard of care. Linacre Q. 2020, 87:311–6.10.1177/0024363920924877735011632699441
]Search in Google Scholar
[
45. Pozza DH, Azevedo LF, Castro Lopes JM: Pain as the fifth vital sign-A comparison between public and private healthcare systems. PLoS One. 2021, 16:e0259535.10.1371/journal.pone.0259535856573634731211
]Search in Google Scholar
[
46. Ahmed AS, Kim RL, Ramsamooj H, Roberts M, Downes K, Mir HR: Patient perception of pain control (not opiate amount) affects hospital consumer assessment of health-care providers and systems and press Ganey satisfaction scores After orthopaedic trauma. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2021, 29 (7):301–309.10.5435/JAAOS-D-20-0006933443382
]Search in Google Scholar
[
47. Alhani F: The effect of programmed distraction on the pain caused by venipuncture among adolescents on hemo-dialysis. Pain Manag Nurs. 2010, 11 (2):85–91.10.1016/j.pmn.2009.03.00520510838
]Search in Google Scholar
[
48. Atkinson VJ, Almahdi B: A prospective audit project into the adequacy of pain assessment in the medical and surgical wards in a North London District General Hospital. Br J Pain. 2014, 8:78–83.10.1177/2049463713510288
]Search in Google Scholar
[
49. Azadfard M, Huecker MR, Leaming JM: Opioid Addiction. 2021 Aug 26. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022. Available from: URL:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28846246/
]Search in Google Scholar
[
50. Body R, Foex BA: Optimising well-being: is it the pain or the hurt that matters? Emerg Med J. 2012, 29:91–94.10.1136/emj.2011.111849
]Search in Google Scholar
[
51. Casey G: Pain-the fifth vital sign. Nurs N Z. 2011, 17:24–9.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
52. Chanvej L, Petpichetchian W, Kovitwanawong N, Chai-bandit C, Vorakul C, Khunthong T: A chart audit of postoperative pain assessment and documentation: the first step to implement pain assessment as the fifth vital sign in a University Hospital in Thailand. J Med Assoc Thai. 2004, 87 (12):1447–1453.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
53. Chapman JE: Rotator cuff repair outcomes are influenced by chronic opioid use. Arthroscopy. 2021, 37 (4):1115–1116.10.1016/j.arthro.2020.12.219
]Search in Google Scholar
[
54. Chen YH, Lin LC, Watson R: Validating nurses’ and nursing assistants’ report of assessing pain in older people with dementia. J Clin Nurs. 2010, 19:42–52.10.1111/j.1365-2702.2009.02950.x
]Search in Google Scholar
[
55. Chimenti C, McIntyre J, Noonan B, Woerner L, Bell M, Marchetti C: Pain assessment clinical practice improvement: an educational approach in the home healthcare setting. Home Healthc Now. 2020, 38 (5):254–260.10.1097/NHH.0000000000000893
]Search in Google Scholar
[
56. Chisholm-Burns MA, Spivey CA, Sherwin E, Wheeler J, Hohmeier K: The opioid crisis: Origins, trends, policies, and the roles of pharmacists. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2019, 76 (7):424–435.10.1093/ajhp/zxy089
]Search in Google Scholar
[
57. Clark CW, Yang JC, Tsui SL, Ng KF, Clark SB: Unidimensional pain rating scales: a multidimensional affect and pain survey (MAPS) analysis of what they really measure. Pain. 2002, 98 (3):241–247.10.1016/S0304-3959(01)00474-2
]Search in Google Scholar
[
58. Cortellazzo Wiel L, Cozzi G, Barbi E: The risks of physicians’ conformism: reflections from the opioid overflow. Ital J Pediatr. 2021, 47 (1):10.10.1186/s13052-021-00967-z781125233451342
]Search in Google Scholar
[
59. Davis L: Pain management and opioid free treatment order sets: an evolving role for pharmacists. Sr Care Pharm. 2020, 35:406–7.10.4140/TCP.n.2020.40632972489
]Search in Google Scholar
[
60. Davis MP, Walsh D: Cancer pain: how to measure the fifth vital sign. Cleve Clin J Med. 2004, 71 (8):625–632.10.3949/ccjm.71.8.62515449757
]Search in Google Scholar
[
61. Devi BC, Tang TS: Documenting pain as the fifth vital sign: a feasibility study in an oncology ward in Sarawak, Malaysia. Oncology. 2008, 74 (Suppl 1):35–39.10.1159/000143216
]Search in Google Scholar
[
62. Douglas M: Pain as the fifth vital sign: will cultural variations be considered? J Transcult Nurs. 1999, 10 (4):285.10.1177/104365969901000401
]Search in Google Scholar
[
63. Farčić N, Barać I, Pačarić S, Lovrić I, Ilakovac V: Acute postoperative pain in trauma patients. Maced J Med Sci 2017, 5 (3):310–315.10.3889/oamjms.2017.067
]Search in Google Scholar
[
64. Fishman SM: Pain as the fifth vital sign: how can I tell when back pain is serious. J Pain Palliat Care Pharmacother. 2005, 19 (4):77–79.10.1080/J354v19n04_13
]Search in Google Scholar
[
65. Fitzcharles MA, Shir Y: New concepts in rheumatic pain. Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 2008, 34 (2):267–283.10.1016/j.rdc.2008.03.005
]Search in Google Scholar
[
66. Foster D, Shi G, Lesser E, Heckman MG, Whalen J, Forte AJ, Wilke BK: A prospective, blinded study comparing in-hospital postoperative pain scores reported by patients to nurses versus physicians. Cureus. 2019, 11 (11):e6122.10.7759/cureus.6122
]Search in Google Scholar
[
67. Gauger EM, Gauger EJ, Desai MJ, Lee DH: Opioid use after upper extremity surgery. J Hand Surg Am. 2018, 43 (5):470–479.10.1016/j.jhsa.2018.02.026
]Search in Google Scholar
[
68. Gerik SM: Pain management in children: developmental considerations and mind-body therapies. South Med J. 2005, 98 (3):295–302.10.1097/01.SMJ.0000154772.49481.53
]Search in Google Scholar
[
69. Gordon DB: Acute pain assessment tools: let us move beyond simple pain ratings. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2015, 28 (5):565–569.10.1097/ACO.0000000000000225
]Search in Google Scholar
[
70. Graf C, Puntillo K: Pain in the older adult in the intensive care unit. Crit Care Clin. 2003, 19 (4):749–770.10.1016/S0749-0704(03)00052-6
]Search in Google Scholar
[
71. Gruber T, Sharma A, Daneschvar H, Estfan B: The Hawthorne effect in the assessment of pain by house staff. Am J Hosp Palliat Care. 2003, 20 (3):231–234.10.1177/104990910302000314
]Search in Google Scholar
[
72. Gulur P, Soldinger SM, Acquadro MA: Concepts in pain management. Clin Pediatr Med Surg. 2007, 24 (2):333–351.10.1016/j.cpm.2007.01.001
]Search in Google Scholar
[
73. Harden RN: Chronic neuropathic pain: mechanisms, diagnosis, and treatment. Neurologist. 2005, 11 (2):111–122.10.1097/01.nrl.0000155180.60057.8e
]Search in Google Scholar
[
74. Henry C, Navarro V, Jun A, Annaberdyev S: Measuring the fifth vital sign in cataract surgery patients: is it necessary? Insight. 2006, 31(2):7–9.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
75. Hernandez-Boussard T, Graham LA, Desai K, Wahl TS, Aucoin E, Richman JS, Morris MS, Itani KM, Telford GL, Hawn MT: The fifth vital sign: postoperative pain predicts 30-day readmissions and subsequent emergency department visits. Ann Surg. 2017, 266 (3):516–524.10.1097/SLA.0000000000002372
]Search in Google Scholar
[
76. Holl RM, Carmack J: Complexity of pain, nurses’ knowledge, and treatment options. Holist Nurs Pract. 2015, 29 (6):377–380.10.1097/HNP.0000000000000114
]Search in Google Scholar
[
77. Joel LA: The fifth vital sign: pain. Am J Nurs. 1999, 99 (2):9.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
78. Kalkman GA, Kramers C, van Dongen RT, van den Brink W, Schellekens A: Trends in use and misuse of opioids in the Netherlands: a retrospective, multi-source database study. Lancet Public Health. 2019, 4 (10):e498-e505.10.1016/S2468-2667(19)30128-8
]Search in Google Scholar
[
79. Kelly S, Johnson GT, Harbison RD: Pressured to prescribe: the impact of economic and regulatory factors on South-Eastern ED physicians when managing the drug seeking patient. J Emerg Trauma Shock. 2016, 9 (2):58–63.10.4103/0974-2700.179454484356827162437
]Search in Google Scholar
[
80. Kerns RD, Philip EJ, Lee AW, Rosenberger PH: Implementation of the veterans health administration national pain management strategy. Transl Behav Med. 2011, 1 (4):635–643.10.1007/s13142-011-0094-3371767524073088
]Search in Google Scholar
[
81. Kingsnorth S, Joachimides N, Krog K, Davies B, Higuchi KS: Optimal pain assessment in pediatric rehabilitation: implementation of a nursing guideline. Pain Manag Nurs. 2015, 16 (6):871–880.10.1016/j.pmn.2015.07.00926395294
]Search in Google Scholar
[
82. Kozol RA, Voytovich A: Misinterpretation of the fifth vital sign. Arch Surg. 2007, 142 (5):417–419; discussion 419–420.10.1001/archsurg.142.5.41717515482
]Search in Google Scholar
[
83. Krantz MJ, Palmer RB, Haigney MCP: Cardiovascular complications of opioid use. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2021, 77 (2):205–223.10.1016/j.jacc.2020.11.00233446314
]Search in Google Scholar
[
84. Lanser P, Gesell S: Pain management: the fifth vital sign. Healthc Benchmarks. 2001, 8 (6):68-70.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
85. Leo RJ, Pristach CA, Streltzer J: Incorporating pain management training into the psychiatry residency curriculum. Acad Psychiatry. 2003, 27 (1):1-11.10.1176/appi.ap.27.1.112824114
]Search in Google Scholar
[
86. Lima EN: Chronic pain and mental health: moving beyond the conceptualization of pain as the fifth vital sign. N C Med J. 2013, 74 (3):229–231.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
87. Liu D, Ma J, Zhang Z, Yu A, Chen X, Feng C, Lei W: Management of postoperative pain in medical institutions in Shandong province in China. Medicine (Baltimore). 2016, 95 (6):e2690.10.1097/MD.0000000000002690475389526871800
]Search in Google Scholar
[
88. Lorenz KA, Sherbourne CD, Shugarman LR, Rubenstein LV, Wen L, Cohen A, Goebel JR, Hagenmeier E, Simon B, Lanto A, Asch SM: How reliable is pain as the fifth vital sign? J Am Board Fam Med. 2009, 22 (3):291–298.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
89. Lynch M: Pain as the fifth vital sign. J Intraven Nurs. 2001, 24 (2):85–94.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
90. Lynch M: Pain: the fifth vital sign - comprehensive assessment leads to proper treatment. Adv Nurse Pract. 2001, 9 (11):28–36. Erratum in: Adv Nurse Pract. 2004, 12 (6):8.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
91. Mandell BF: The fifth vital sign: a complex story of politics and patient care. Cleve Clin J Med. 2016, 83 (6):400–401.10.3949/ccjm.83b.0601627281246
]Search in Google Scholar
[
92. Martin KD, Van Buren JP, Wake J, Dawson L: Comparison of visual analog pain score reported to physician vs nurse. Foot Ankle Int. 2018, 39 (3):300–303.10.1177/107110071774058429160755
]Search in Google Scholar
[
93. Mathews L: Pain in children: neglected, unaddressed and mismanaged. Indian J Palliat Care. 2011, 17 (Suppl):S70-73.10.4103/0973-1075.76247314008821811376
]Search in Google Scholar
[
94. McCaffery M, Pasero CL: Pain ratings: the fifth vital sign. Am J Nurs. 1997, 97 (2):15–16.10.1097/00000446-199702000-000109025664
]Search in Google Scholar
[
95. Mehendale AW, Goldman MP, Mehendale RP: Opioid overuse pain syndrome (OOPS): the story of opioids, prometheus unbound. J Opioid Manag. 2013, 9 (6):421–438.10.5055/jom.2013.018524481931
]Search in Google Scholar
[
96. Merboth MK, Barnason S: Managing pain: the fifth vital sign. Nurs Clin North Am. 2000, 35 (2):375–383.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
97. Molony SL, Kobayashi M, Holleran EA, Mezey M: Assessing pain as a fifth vital sign in long-term care facilities: recommendations from the field. J Gerontol Nurs. 2005, 31 (3):16–24.10.3928/0098-9134-20050301-0615799633
]Search in Google Scholar
[
98. Nassif GJ, Miller TE: Evolving the management of acute perioperative pain towards opioid free protocols: a narrative review. Curr Med Res Opin. 2019, 35 (12):2129-2136.10.1080/03007995.2019.164600131315466
]Search in Google Scholar
[
99. Neale KL: The fifth vital sign: chronic pain assessment of the adolescent oncology patient. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs. 2012, 29 (4):185–198.10.1177/104345421244538822797680
]Search in Google Scholar
[
100. Nemati MH: The evaluation of the benefits of pain control by patients using PCA pump compared to medicine injection to ease the pain by nurses. J Med Life. 2015, 8 (Spec Iss 4):144–149.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
101. Nworah U: From documentation to the problem: controlling postoperative pain. Nurs Forum. 2012, 47 (2):91-99.10.1111/j.1744-6198.2012.00262.x22512766
]Search in Google Scholar
[
102. (No author): Pain as the fifth vital sign. J Am Optom Assoc. 1999, 70 (10):619–620.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
103. Parvizy S, Tarvirdinasab S, Raznahan R, Aliakbari M: The effect of pain management training in workshop on the knowledge, attitude and self-efficacy of pediatric nurses. J Family Med Prim Care. 2020, 9 (6):2880–2884.10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_92_20749179532984143
]Search in Google Scholar
[
104. Pilitsis JG, Fahey M, Custozzo A, Chakravarthy K, Capo-bianco R: Composite score is a better reflection of patient response to chronic pain therapy compared with pain intensity alone. Neuromodulation. 2021, 24 (1):68–75.10.1111/ner.1321232592618
]Search in Google Scholar
[
105. Pinzur MS: The fifth vital sign. Foot Ankle Int. 2013, 34 (11):1605.10.1177/107110071349536624178799
]Search in Google Scholar
[
106. Premkumar J: Pain as the fifth vital sign. Nurs J India. 2006, 97 (10):225–227.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
107. Purser L, Warfield K, Richardson C: Making pain visible: an audit and review of documentation to improve the use of pain assessment by implementing pain as the fifth vital sign. Pain Manag Nurs. 2014, 15 (1):137–142.10.1016/j.pmn.2012.07.00724602432
]Search in Google Scholar
[
108. Reid PF: Cobra venom: a review of the old alternative to opiate analgesics. Altern Ther Health Med. 2011, 17 (1):58–71.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
109. Rogers MP, Kuo PC: Pain as the fifth vital sign. J Am Coll Surg. 2020, 231 (5):601–602.10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2020.07.50833491655
]Search in Google Scholar
[
110. Rousseau P: Pain as the fifth vital sign. Arch Surg. 2008, 143 (1):98; author reply 99; discussion 99.10.1001/archsurg.2007.2318209163
]Search in Google Scholar
[
111. Ruoff GE: Assessing pain as the fifth vital sign. Postgrad Med. 2002, 112 (1 Suppl):4–7.10.3810/pgm.2002.07.suppl18.96
]Search in Google Scholar
[
112. Sabesan VJ, Chatha K, Koen S, Dawoud M, Gilot G: Innovative patient education and pain management protocols to achieve opioid-free shoulder arthroplasty. JSES Int. 2020, 4 (2):362–365.10.1016/j.jseint.2020.01.005725688332490427
]Search in Google Scholar
[
113. Sayers M, Marando R, Fisher S, Aquila A, Morrison B, Dailey T: No need for pain. J Healthc Qual. 2000, 22 (3):10–15.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
114. Scher C, Meador L, Van Cleave JH, Reid MC: Moving beyond pain as the fifth vital sign and patient satisfaction scores to improve pain care in the 21st Ccntury. Pain Manag Nurs. 2018, 19 (2):125–129.10.1016/j.pmn.2017.10.010587870329249620
]Search in Google Scholar
[
115. Schiavenato M, Craig KD: Pain assessment as a social transaction: beyond the “gold standard”. Clin J Pain. 2010, 26 (8):667–676.10.1097/AJP.0b013e3181e7250720664341
]Search in Google Scholar
[
116. Taylor S, Voytovich AE, Kozol RA: Has the pendulum swung too far in postoperative pain control? Am J Surg. 2003, 186 (5):472–475.10.1016/j.amjsurg.2003.07.02114599609
]Search in Google Scholar
[
117. Tequare MH, Huntzicker JJ, Gidey Mhretu H, Zelelew YB, Abraha HE, Tsegay MA, Gebretensaye KG, Gebre Tesfay D, Sotomayor JG, Nardos R, Yosses MB, Cobbs JE, Schmidt JPL, Weisman W, Breitner LK: Pain management and its possible implementation research in North Ethiopia: a before and after study. Adv Med. 2020:5317352.10.1155/2020/5317352728804732566691
]Search in Google Scholar
[
118. Thomas MA: Pain management - the challenge. Ochsner J. 2003, 5 (2):15–21.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
119. Tompkins DA, Hobelmann JG, Compton P: Providing chronic pain management in the “Fifth Vital Sign” era: historical and treatment perspectives on a modern-day medical dilemma. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2017, 173 Suppl 1 (Suppl 1):S11-21.10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.12.002577123328363315
]Search in Google Scholar
[
120. Torma L: Pain: the fifth vital sign. Pulse. 1999, 36 (2):16.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
121. Woodard D, Van Demark RE Jr: The opioid epidemic in 2017: Are we making progress? S D Med. 2017, 70 (10):467–471.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
122. Yuen TS, Irwin MG: The ‘fifth vital sign’. Hong Kong Med J. 2005, 11 (3):145–146.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
123. Zhang X, Zhang J, Du Y, Wang M, Gao Y, Zhou L, Lu J, Zhao J: Intravenous analgesia with ultra-high-dose morphine for the treatment of headache and successful withdrawal of morphine: a case report and literature review. Medicine (Baltimore). 2020, 99 (44):e22919.10.1097/MD.0000000000022919759879133126353
]Search in Google Scholar
[
124. Johnson M: BMI: another “vital” sign? NAS Newsletter. 2002, 17 (14):12.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
125. Kirk SF, Cramm CL, Price SL, Penney TL, Jarvie L, Power H: BMI: a vital sign for patients and health professionals. Can Nurse. 2009, 105 (1):25–28.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
126. Ballas SK: The sixth vital sign: body mass index in patients with sickle cell disease. J Clin Med Res. 2017, 9 (10):889–890.10.14740/jocmr3137w559343828912927
]Search in Google Scholar
[
127. Singer P, Attal-Singer J, Shapiro H: Body mass index and weight change: the sixth vital sign. Isr Med Assoc J. 2008, 10 (7):523–525.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
128. Exercise is Medicine: A Global Health Initiative. 2021. America College of Sports Medicine. exerciseismedicine. org, (accessed 14 August 2021). https://www.exerciseis-medicine.org/
]Search in Google Scholar
[
129. Sallis RE: Exercise is medicine and physicians need to prescribe it! Br J Sports Med. 2009, 43 (1):3–4.10.1136/bjsm.2008.05482518971243
]Search in Google Scholar
[
130. Sallis R: Developing healthcare systems to support exercise: exercise as the fifth vital sign. Br J Sports Med. 2011, 45 (6):473–474.10.1136/bjsm.2010.08346921292925
]Search in Google Scholar
[
131. Sallis RE, Baggish AL, Franklin BA, Whitehead JR: The call for a physical activity vital sign in clinical practice. Am J Med. 2016, 129 (9):903–905.10.1016/j.amjmed.2016.05.00527235007
]Search in Google Scholar
[
132. Cowan RE: Exercise is medicine initiative: physical activity as a vital sign and prescription in adult rehabilitation practice. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2016, 97 (9 Suppl):232–237.10.1016/j.apmr.2016.01.040
]Search in Google Scholar
[
133. Rozanski A, Arnson Y, Gransar H, Hayes SW, Friedman JD, Thomson LEJ, Dey D, Berman DS: Associations among self-reported physical activity, coronary artery calcium scores, and mortality risk in older adults. Mayo Clin Proc Innov Qual Outcomes. 2020, 4 (3):229–237.10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2020.02.005
]Search in Google Scholar
[
134. Diaz A, Laufer, MR, Breech LL Menstruation in girls and adolescents: using the menstrual cycle as a vital sign. American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Adolescence; American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Committee on Adolescent Health Care. Pediatrics. 2006, 118 (5):2245–2250.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
135. Naz MSG, Rostami Dovom MR, Tehrani FR. The menstrual disturbances in endocrine disorders: a narrative review. Int J Endocrinol Metab. 2020, 18 (4):e106694.10.5812/ijem.106694
]Search in Google Scholar
[
136. Douw G, Schoonhoven L, Holwerda T, et al. Nurses’ worry or concern and early recognition of deteriorating patients on general wards in acute care hospitals: a systematic review. Crit Care. 2015, 19 (1):230.10.1186/s13054-015-0950-5
]Search in Google Scholar
[
137. Douw G, Huisman-de Waal G, van Zanten AR, van der Hoeven JG, Schoonhoven L: Nurses’ worry as predictor of deteriorating surgical ward patients: a prospective cohort study of the Dutch-Early-Nurse-Worry-Indicator-Score. Int J Nurs Stud. 2016, 59:134–40.10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2016.04.006
]Search in Google Scholar
[
138. Romero-Brufau S, Gaines K, Nicolas CT, Johnson MG, Hickman J, Huddleston JM: The fifth vital sign? Nurse worry predicts inpatient deterioration within 24 hours. JAMIA Open. 2019, 2 (4):465–470.10.1093/jamiaopen/ooz033
]Search in Google Scholar
[
139. Naito AS, Sakuma Y, Kinoshita H, Ito T, Mimatsu S, Tarumi A, Kiyohara E, Morita T: Screening using the fifth vital sign in the electronic medical recording system. Jpn J Clin Oncol. 2017, 47 (5):430–433.10.1093/jjco/hyx020
]Search in Google Scholar
[
140. Morita T, Fujimoto K, Namba M, Kiyohara E, Takada S, Yamazaki R, Taguchi K: Screening for discomfort as the fifth vital sign using an electronic medical recording system: a feasibility study. J Pain Symptom Manage 2008, 35 (4):430–436.10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2007.05.013
]Search in Google Scholar
[
141. Fraser GL, Riker RR: Monitoring sedation, agitation, anal-gesia, and delirium in critically ill adult patients. Crit Care Clin. 2001, 17 (4):967–987.10.1016/S0749-0704(05)70189-5
]Search in Google Scholar
[
142. Alford JW, Fadale PD: Evaluation of postoperative bupiva-caine infusion for pain management after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Arthroscopy. 2003, 19 (8):855–861.10.1016/S0749-8063(03)00734-5
]Search in Google Scholar
[
143. Rendell M, Saiprasad S, Trepp-Carrasco AG, Drincic A: The future of inpatient diabetes management: glucose as the sixth vital sign. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab. 2013, 8 (2):195–205. 10.1586/eem.13.110.1586/eem.13.130736179
]Search in Google Scholar
[
144. Dionigi F, Milani R, Garcia-Etienne CA, Praticò V, Riboni G, Della Valle A, Ferrari A, Grasso D, Lasagna A, Pedrazzoli P, Klersy C, Politi P, Sgarella A, Manna S, Conti C: The institution of a Multi-disciplinary Italian Breast Unit: reflections of the first psychosocial research study results on distress and quality of life. Breast J. 2019;25 (4):678–681.10.1111/tbj.1324431127684
]Search in Google Scholar
[
145. Bultz BD, Carlson LE: Emotional distress: the sixth vital sign in cancer care. J Clin Oncol. 2005, 23 (26):6440–6441.10.1200/JCO.2005.02.325916155033
]Search in Google Scholar
[
146. Carlson LE, Groff SL, Maciejewski O, Bultz BD: Screening for distress in lung and breast cancer outpatients: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Oncol. 2010, 28 (33):4884–4891.10.1200/JCO.2009.27.369820940193
]Search in Google Scholar
[
147. Bultz BD, Waller A, Cullum J, et al.: Implementing routine screening for distress, the sixth vital sign, for patients with head and neck and neurologic cancers. J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2013, 11 (10):1249–1261.10.6004/jnccn.2013.014724142826
]Search in Google Scholar
[
148. Fitch MI, Ashbury F, Nicoll I: Reflections on the implementation of screening for distress (sixth vital sign) in Canada: key lessons learned. Support Care Cancer. 2018, 26 (12):4011–4020.10.1007/s00520-018-4278-y29858691
]Search in Google Scholar
[
149. Miller AH, Ancoli-Israel S, Bower JE, Capuron L, Irwin MR: Neuroendocrine-immune mechanisms of behavioral comorbidities in patients with cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2008, 26 (6):971–982.10.1200/JCO.2007.10.7805277001218281672
]Search in Google Scholar
[
150. Tavani CA, LeRoy P: Suffering: a sixth vital sign? Del Med J. 2005, 77 (10):411–412.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
151. Bultz BD, Travado L, Jacobsen PB, Turner J, Borras JM, Ullrich AW: 2014 President’s plenary international psycho-oncology society: moving toward cancer care for the whole patient. Psychooncology. 2015; 24 (12):1587–1593.10.1002/pon.384425963279
]Search in Google Scholar
[
152. Bultz BD, Carlson LE: Emotional distress: the sixth vital sign - future directions in cancer care. Psychooncology. 2006, 15 (2):93–95.10.1002/pon.102216444764
]Search in Google Scholar
[
153. Chaturvedi SK, Venkateswaran C: New research in psychooncology. Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2008, 21 (2):206–210.10.1097/YCO.0b013e3282f4928918332672
]Search in Google Scholar
[
154. Dégi CL: In search of the sixth vital sign: cancer care in Romania. Support Care Cancer. 2013, 21(5):1273–1280.10.1007/s00520-012-1657-723151651
]Search in Google Scholar
[
155. Fitch MI, Howell D, McLeod D, Green E: Screening for distress: responding is a critical function for oncology nurses. Can Oncol Nurs J. 2012, 22 (1):12–30.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
156. Groff S, Holroyd-Leduc J, White D, Bultz BD: Examining the sustainability of Screening for Distress, the sixth vital sign, in two outpatient oncology clinics: a mixed-methods study. Psychooncology. 2018, 27 (1):141–147.10.1002/pon.438828128894
]Search in Google Scholar
[
157. Henry M, Trickey B, Huang LN, Cohen SR: How is cancer recently portrayed in Canadian newspapers compared to 20 years ago? Support Care Cancer. 2012, 20 (1):49–55.10.1007/s00520-010-1049-921132331
]Search in Google Scholar
[
158. Holland JC, Bultz BD, National comprehensive Cancer Network: The NCCN guideline for distress management: a case for making distress the sixth vital sign. J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2007, 5 (1):3–7.10.6004/jnccn.2007.0003
]Search in Google Scholar
[
159. Lazenby M: The international endorsement of US distress screening and psychosocial guidelines in oncology: a model for dissemination. J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2014, 12 (2):221–227.10.6004/jnccn.2014.002324586084
]Search in Google Scholar
[
160. LeBlanc TW, Kamal AH: Assessing psychological toxicity and patient-reported distress as the sixth vital sign in cancer care and clinical trials. AMA J Ethics. 2017, 19 (5):460–466.10.1001/journalofethics.2017.19.5.stas1-170528553903
]Search in Google Scholar
[
161. Maher NG, Britton B, Hoffman GR: Early screening in patients with head and neck cancer identified high levels of pain and distress. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2013, 71 (8):1458–464.10.1016/j.joms.2013.02.00923611602
]Search in Google Scholar
[
162. McLeod DL, Morck AC, Curran JA: A pan-Canadian web-based education program to support screening for distress: evaluation of outcomes. Palliat Support Care. 2014, 12 (1):15-23.10.1017/S147895151300007223942172
]Search in Google Scholar
[
163. Murthy RS: Lessons of being a patient: Personal thoughts about psycho-oncology in India. Mens Sana Monogr. 2016, 14 (1):171–186.10.4103/0973-1229.154532517961528031630
]Search in Google Scholar
[
164. Smith SK, Loscalzo M, Mayer C, Rosenstein DL: Best practices in oncology distress management: beyond the screen. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book. 2018, 38:813–821.10.1200/EDBK_20130730231391
]Search in Google Scholar
[
165. Stapleton SJ, Valerio TD, Astroth K, Woodhouse S: Distress during radiation therapy: assessment among patients with breast or prostate cancer. Clin J Oncol Nurs. 2017, 21 (1):93–98.10.1188/17.CJON.93-9828107334
]Search in Google Scholar
[
166. Suppa CH, Linton JC: Psychosocial oncology services in West Virginia. W V Med J. 2009, 105 Spec No:12–15.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
167. Thomas BC, Bultz BD: The future in psychosocial oncology: screening for emotional distress--the sixth vital sign. Future Oncol. 2008, 4 (6):779–784.10.2217/14796694.4.6.77919086844
]Search in Google Scholar
[
168. Thomas BC, NandaMohan V, Nair MK, Pandey M: Gender, age and surgery as a treatment modality leads to higher distress in patients with cancer. Support Care Cancer. 2010, 19 (2):239–250.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
169. Thomas BC, Nandamohan V, Nair MK, Robinson JW, Pandey M: Screening for distress (the sixth vital sign) in a global recession: sustainable approach to maintain patient-centered care. Future Oncol. 2009, 5 (5):727–738.10.2217/fon.09.4319519211
]Search in Google Scholar
[
170. Waller A, Garland SN, Bultz BD: Using Screening for Distress, the sixth vital sign, to advance patient care with assessment and targeted interventions. Support Care Cancer. 2012, 20 (9):2241–2246.10.1007/s00520-012-1506-822674058
]Search in Google Scholar
[
171. Waller A, Williams A, Groff SL, Bultz BD, Carlson LE: Screening for distress, the sixth vital sign: examining self-referral in people with cancer over a one-year period. Psychooncology. 2013; 22 (2):388–395.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
172. LaVance MS, Fairchild R, Rosado RJ: Turning the table: depression screening as the 6th vital sign. J Nurs Pract. 2015, 11 (2):199–206.10.1016/j.nurpra.2014.10.026
]Search in Google Scholar
[
173. UT Southwest https://www.utsouthwestern.edu/education/medical-school/departments/psychiatry/research/center/vital-sign6/ (accessed 4 October 2022).
]Search in Google Scholar
[
174. Splaine M: Thinking about thinking: why cognition should be the sixth vital sign. MD Advis. 2019, 12 (3):19–20.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
175. Voyer P, Champoux N, Desrosiers J, Landreville P, Mc-Cusker J, Monette J, Savoie M, Carmichael PH, Richard H, Richard S: RADAR: a measure of the sixth vital sign? Clin Nurs Res. 2016, 25 (1):9–29.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
176. Tamune H, Yasugi D: How can we identify patients with delirium in the emergency department?: A review of available screening and diagnostic tools. Am J Emerg Med. 2017, 35 (9):1332–1324.10.1016/j.ajem.2017.05.02628571901
]Search in Google Scholar
[
177. Bellelli G, Trabucchi M: Delirium as the sixth vital sign. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2008, 9 (4):279; author reply 279–280.10.1016/j.jamda.2007.08.01418457806
]Search in Google Scholar
[
178. Flaherty JH, Rudolph J, Shay K, Kamholz B, Boockvar KS, Shaughnessy M, Shapiro R, Stein J, Weir C, Edes T: Delirium is a serious and under-recognized problem: why assessment of mental status should be the sixth vital sign. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2007, 8 (5):273–275.10.1016/j.jamda.2007.03.00617570303
]Search in Google Scholar
[
179. Bierman AS: Functional status: the six vital sign. J Gen Intern Med. 2001, 16 (11):785–786.10.1111/j.1525-1497.2001.10918.x149529311722694
]Search in Google Scholar
[
180. Richardson J, Letts L, Chan D, Officer A, Wojkowski S, Oliver D, Moore A, McCarthy L, Price D, Kinzie S: Monitoring physical functioning as the sixth vital sign: evaluating patient and practice engagement in chronic illness care in a primary care setting--a quasi-experimental design. BMC Fam Pract. 2012, 13:29.10.1186/1471-2296-13-29335502022471378
]Search in Google Scholar
[
181. Studenski S, Perera S, Wallace D, Chandler JM, Duncan PW, Rooney E, Fox M, Guralnik JM: Physical performance measures in the clinical setting. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2003, 51 (3):314–322.10.1046/j.1532-5415.2003.51104.x12588574
]Search in Google Scholar
[
182. Bortone I, Sardone R, Lampignano L, Castellana F, Zupo R, Lozupone M, Moretti B, Giannelli G, Panza F: How gait influences frailty models and health-related outcomes in clinical-based and population-based studies: a systematic review. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2021, 12 (2):274–297.10.1002/jcsm.12667806136633590975
]Search in Google Scholar
[
183. Fritz S, Lusardi M: White paper: “walking speed: the sixth vital sign”. J Geriatr Phys Ther. 2009, 32 (2):46–49. Erratum in: J Geriatr Phys Ther. 2009, 32 (3):110.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
184. Lusardi M: Is walking speed a vital sign? absolutely. Top Geriatr Rehabil. 2012, 28 (2):67–76.10.1097/TGR.0b013e31824385a4
]Search in Google Scholar
[
185. Middleton A, Fritz SL, Lusardi M: Walking speed: the functional vital sign. J Aging Phys Act. 2015, 23 (2):314–322.10.1123/japa.2013-0236425489624812254
]Search in Google Scholar
[
186. Younce AB, Hinton D, Haynes DD, Berg J: Patient safety: make fall risk the sixth vital sign. Nursing. 2011;41(4):62–64.10.1097/01.NURSE.0000395307.68539.6421403511
]Search in Google Scholar
[
187. Holl RM: Bowel movement: the sixth vital sign. Holist Nurs Pract. 2014;28 (3):195–197.10.1097/HNP.000000000000002424722614
]Search in Google Scholar
[
188. Nursing care of dyspnea: The 6th vital sign in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). National Guideline Clearinghouse. Archived from the original on 2009-01-17. https://bpgmobile.rnao.ca/guideline-content/20. (Accessed 18 September 2021).
]Search in Google Scholar
[
189. Heinrich C: Health literacy: the sixth vital sign. J Am Acad Nurse Pract. 2012, 24 (4):218–223.10.1111/j.1745-7599.2012.00698.x22486837
]Search in Google Scholar
[
190. Dunn DJ: The sixth vital sign: health literacy assessment. Fla Nurse. 2010, 58 (2):12.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
191. World Health Organization: IMAI District Clinician Manual: hospital care for adolescents and adults. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO, 2011. http://www.who.int/hiv/pub/imai/imai2011/en/ (accessed 4 July 2021).
]Search in Google Scholar
[
192. Cummings MJ, Goldberg E, Mwaka S, et al.: The sixth vital sign: HIV status assessment and severe illness triage in Uganda. Public Health Action. 2017, 7 (4):245–250.10.5588/pha.17.0045575377629584800
]Search in Google Scholar
[
193. Joseph AC: Is urinary incontinence as the sixth vital sign part of your practice? Urol Nurs. 2009, 29 (3):146.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
194. Joseph AC: Continence: the sixth vital sign? Am J Nurs. 2003, 103 (7):11.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
195. Rundio AA: SBIRT-the new sixth vital sign? A policy perspective. J Addict Nurs. 2012, 23 (3):208–209.10.1097/JAN.0b013e31826eb32724335740
]Search in Google Scholar
[
196. Biedrzycki BA: Could fatigue become the sixth vital sign? ONS News. 2003, 18 (4):4–5.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
197. Amen K: Cancer-related fatigue: the sixth vital sign? ONS Connect. 2007, 22 (8 Suppl):17–18.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
198. Given B: Cancer-related fatigue: a brief overview of current nursing perspectives and experiences. Clin J Oncol Nurs. 2008, 12 (5 Suppl):7–9.10.1188/08.CJON.S2.7-918842519
]Search in Google Scholar
[
199. Piper BF, Borneman T, Sun VC, Koczywas M, Uman G, Ferrell B, James RL: Cancer-related fatigue: role of oncology nurses in translating National Comprehensive Cancer Network assessment guidelines into practice. Clin J Oncol Nurs. 2008, 12 (5 Suppl):37–47.10.1188/08.CJON.S2.37-47377658718842523
]Search in Google Scholar
[
200. Fawcett J: Advancing evidence-based nursing practice through explicit theory-testing research: focus on the sixth vital sign, fatigue. J Adv Nurs. 2010, 66 (12):2603.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
201. Rosenow EC: Patients’ understanding of and compliance with medications: the sixth vital sign? Mayo Clin Proc. 2005, 80:983–987.10.4065/80.8.98316092574
]Search in Google Scholar
[
202. Magid KP, Ho M: The 7th vital sign: why we should care about mediation adherence?. American College of Cardiology. 2016. https://www.acc.org/latest-in-cardiology/articles/2016/06/30/06/42/the-7th-vital-sign. (accessed 28 May 2021]
]Search in Google Scholar
[
203. Cedars MI, Taymans SE, DePaolo LV, Warner L, Moss SB, Eisenberg ML: The sixth vital sign: what reproduction tells us about overall health. Hum Reprod Open. 2017 (2):hox008.10.1093/hropen/hox008627664730895226
]Search in Google Scholar
[
204. Klonoff DC, Shang T, Zhang JY, Cengiz E, Mehta C, Kerr D: Digital connectivity: the sixth vital sign. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2021:19322968211015241.10.1177/1932296821101524133980049
]Search in Google Scholar
[
205. Berke EM: Geographic information systems (GIS): recognizing the importance of place in primary care research and practice. J Am Board Fam Med. 2010, 23 (1):9–12.10.3122/jabfm.2010.01.090119317447020051537
]Search in Google Scholar
[
206. Davenhall B: Place: the seventh vital sign. Virtual Mentor. 2014, 16 (2):135–137.10.1001/virtualmentor.2014.16.02.msoc1-140224553335
]Search in Google Scholar
