Open Access

Thermal De-Oxygenation to Form Condensable Aerosol From Reconstituted Tobacco without Auto-Ignition

Zhongya Guo
Zhongya Guo
, 
Shiyu Wang
Shiyu Wang
, 
Ke Zhang
Ke Zhang
, 
Ping Lei
Ping Lei
, 
Lili Fu
Lili Fu
, 
Qi Zhang
Qi Zhang
, 
Shanzhai Shang
Shanzhai Shang
, 
Shuang Wang
Shuang Wang
, 
Le Wang
Le Wang
, 
Mingjian Zhang
Mingjian Zhang
, 
Weimin Gong
Weimin Gong
, 
Jingmei Han
Jingmei Han
, 
Zhiqiang Li
Zhiqiang Li
, 
Yonghua Pan
Yonghua Pan
, 
Feng Huang
Feng Huang
, 
Chuan Liu
Chuan Liu
, 
Jianguo Tang
Jianguo Tang
, 
Bing Wang
Bing Wang
 and 
Bin Li
Bin Li
   | Dec 10, 2022
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Published Online: Dec 10, 2022
Page range: 130 - 141
Received: Jan 24, 2022
Accepted: Jun 30, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/cttr-2022-0014
Keywords
© 2022 Zhongya Guo et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Figure 1

Scheme of aerosol generation and capture device. 1) Gas source; 2) relief valve; 3) mass flowmeter; 4) quartz tube; 5) tube furnace; 6) thermocouple; 7) Cambridge filter; 8) temperature control system; 9) cold trap.
Scheme of aerosol generation and capture device. 1) Gas source; 2) relief valve; 3) mass flowmeter; 4) quartz tube; 5) tube furnace; 6) thermocouple; 7) Cambridge filter; 8) temperature control system; 9) cold trap.

Figure 2

Thermal conversion and onset of ignition under different oxygen concentrations.
Thermal conversion and onset of ignition under different oxygen concentrations.

Figure 3

Thermal generation of CO, CO2, and H2O of the material under 0 or 10% oxygen.
Thermal generation of CO, CO2, and H2O of the material under 0 or 10% oxygen.

Figure 4

Pyrolysis aerosol components of samples under different oxygen concentration.
Pyrolysis aerosol components of samples under different oxygen concentration.

Figure 5

X-ray diffraction patterns of solid-phase products of biomass under different oxygen concentrations.
X-ray diffraction patterns of solid-phase products of biomass under different oxygen concentrations.

Figure 6

Morphology of the starting material and post thermal treatments (rulers were 30 μm).(a) starting material; (b) S-0-O; (c) S-5-O; (d) S-10-O; (e) S-21-O;
Morphology of the starting material and post thermal treatments (rulers were 30 μm).(a) starting material; (b) S-0-O; (c) S-5-O; (d) S-10-O; (e) S-21-O;

Figure 7

High-resolution X-ray photoelectron spectrum of C 1s peak.(a) Starting material; (b) S-0-O; (c) S-5-O; (d) S-10-O; (e) S-21-O;
High-resolution X-ray photoelectron spectrum of C 1s peak.(a) Starting material; (b) S-0-O; (c) S-5-O; (d) S-10-O; (e) S-21-O;

Figure 8

High-resolution X-ray photoelectron spectrum of O 1s peak.(a) Starting material; (b) S-0-O; (c) S-5-O; (d) S-10-O; (e) S-21-O;
High-resolution X-ray photoelectron spectrum of O 1s peak.(a) Starting material; (b) S-0-O; (c) S-5-O; (d) S-10-O; (e) S-21-O;

Figure 9

FT-IR spectra of solid residuals under different oxygen concentrations.
FT-IR spectra of solid residuals under different oxygen concentrations.

The relative percentage of surface carbon-containing functional groups by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.

Samples Content of functional groups (%)
C-H/C-C C-O/C-O-C O-C-O/C=O -O-C=O
Starting material 75.47 17.78 6.76 –
S-0-O 87.79 7.59 4.62 –
S-5-O 80.84 5.75 9.58 3.82
S-10-O 78.56 9.04 9.03 3.37
S-21-O 74.88 9.96 8.67 6.49

j.cttr-2022-0014.tab.004

Abbreviation Corresponding full wording or explanatory wording
NSC a label of our novel-designed airflow pathway of heated tobacco products (18)
NTC negative temperature coefficient
TG thermogravimetric
DTG derivative thermogravimetric
GC-MS gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
SEM scanning electron microscope
XRD X-ray diffraction
FT-IR Fourier transform infrared spectra
XPS X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
IT ignition temperature
TG-MS thermogravimetric analyser with a mass spectrometer

Elemental analysis on solid residuals under different oxygen concentrations.

Samples C (%) O (%) H (%) N (%) S (%)
Starting biomass 41.86 45.23 6.71 1.07 0.07
S-0-O 63.02 17.44 4.19 1.90 0.20
S-5-O 66.57 13.79 3.83 2.09 0.34
S-10-O 63.19 13.34 3.28 1.84 0.35
S-21-O 32.47 18.36 1.59 0.94 1.01

The relative percentage of surface oxygen-containing functional groups by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.

Samples Content of the functional groups (%)
C=O C-O-C/C-OH
Raw reconstituted tobacco 17.58 82.42
S-0-O 69.08 30.92
S-5-O 73.43 26.57
S-10-O 72.46 27.54
S-21-O 81.37 18.63
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