A Laboratory Method to Measure Skin Surface Staining by Cigarette Smoke, Tobacco Heating Products and E-Cigarettes

Product	Source	Consumable	E-liquid nicotine (mg/mL)	Puffs per product/cartridge	Puffs per tobacco pod
3R4F reference cigarette	University of Kentucky	N/A	N/A	10	N/A
iSwitch Maxx e-cigarette	British American Tobacco	Virginia tobacco	5	80	N/A
glo THP	British American Tobacco	Bright tobacco Neostiks	N/A	8	N/A
glo sens THP	British American Tobacco	Mixed fruit	0	150	50

Mean ΔL, Δa, Δb* and ΔE and standard deviation values following the exposure of skin samples to 50–400 puffs of 3R4F cigarettes, glo sens THP, iSwitch Maxx EC or air as a control.

Puffs	3R4F		glo sens		iSwitch Maxx		Air

	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD
ΔL^* (lightness)
50	−9.11	1.88	1.22^a	1.69	−0.15 ^a	1.79	1.36 ^a	2.42
100	−8.90	2.86	0.72 ^a	1.53	−0.04 ^a	1.96	1.52 ^a	1.39
200	−15.55	2.84	0.28 ^a	1.24	−0.86 ^a	2.07	1.75 ^a	1.67
400	−22.73	3.05	0.69 ^a	1.35	−2.11 ^a	2.74	2.11 ^a	2.66
Δa^* (green-red)
50	5.39	1.24	−0.15 ^a	0.49	−0.16 ^a	0.18	−0.15 ^a	0.29
100	4.48	1.69	−0.03 ^a	0.25	−0.04 ^a	0.20	−0.07 ^a	0.35
200	8.93	1.72	−0.09 ^a	0.27	−0.20 ^a	0.29	−0.14 ^a	0.35
400	11.50	1.39	−0.21 ^a	0.32	−0.49 ^a	0.36	−0.21 ^a	0.39
Δb^* (blue-yellow)
50	18.35	2.68	−0.65 ^a	0.68	−1.10 ^a	0.77	−0.66 ^a	0.96
100	17.90	3.18	−0.24 ^a	0.45	−0.15 ^a	0.76	−0.44 ^a	0.84
200	19.68	2.73	−0.88 ^a	1.11	−0.89 ^a	1.24	−0.93 ^a	0.95
400	14.53	3.92	−1.35 ^a	0.69	−1.64 ^a	1.20	−1.33 ^a	1.20
ΔE (total difference)
50	18.04	1.50	1.89 ^a	1.37	1.94 ^a	1.11	2.32 ^a	2.03
100	21.57	3.01	1.38 ^a	1.11	1.77 ^a	1.12	2.19 ^a	1.93
200	26.86	2.44	1.62 ^a	1.02	2.26 ^a	1.51	2.62 ^a	1.90
400	29.68	2.31	1.99 ^a	0.87	3.44 ^a	2.13	3.23 ^a	1.79

Product puffing regimes.

Product	Regime	Puff volume (mL)	Puff duration (s)	Puff interval/frequency (s)	Vent blocking	Puff profile
3R4F reference cigarette	HCI	55	2	30	100%	Bell
iSwitch Maxx e-cigarette	CRM81	55	3	30	None	Square
glo THP	HCI^m	55	2	30	None	Bell
glo sens THP	CRM81	55	3	30	None	Square

Mean ΔL, Δa, Δb* and ΔE and standard deviation values following the exposure of skin samples for 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0 and 6.0 h to particulate matter generated from 3R4F cigarettes, glo and glo sens THP, iSwitch Maxx EC or DMSO as a control.

Hours	3R4F		glo		glo sens		iSwitch Maxx		DMSO

	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD
ΔL^* (lightness)
0.25	−9.00	2.19	−7.76	2.45	−6.98 ^b	2.86	−8.41	2.60	−7.30 ^b	2.80
0.5	−10.76	2.60	−9.02 ^b	2.27	−8.35 ^b	3.16	−8.61 ^b	2.40	−8.64 ^a	3.27
1.0	−12.87	2.50	−10.26 ^b	2.63	−8.76 ^a	5.29	−9.70 ^b	3.65	−10.01 ^a	3.69
2.0	−14.19	2.48	−9.45 ^a	2.21	−8.77 ^a	4.50	−9.33 ^a	3.58	−9.20 ^a	2.79
4.0	−15.62	2.28	−8.74 ^a	2.45	−7.63 ^a	4.48	−8.22 ^a	3.05	−8.68 ^a	2.70
6.0	−16.76	2.54	−8.13 ^a	2.88	−6.89 ^a	4.13	−7.75 ^a	2.91	−8.29 ^a	3.11
Δa^* (green-red)
0.25	0.49	0.83	−0.29 ^a	0.34	0.25	0.55	0.52	0.48	−0.22 ^a	0.75
0.5	1.34	0.82	0.52 ^a	0.85	0.33 ^a	0.54	0.45 ^a	0.66	0.35 ^a	0.98
1.0	1.78	0.81	0.16 ^a	1.10	0.24 ^a	0.95	0.13 ^a	0.56	0.35 ^a	0.98
2.0	2.72	0.80	−0.28 ^a	1.30	−0.03 ^a	0.63	0.08 ^a	0.53	0.11 ^a	1.01
4.0	4.07	0.75	−0.07 ^a	1.35	0.03 ^a	0.60	−0.02 ^a	0.47	0.18 ^a	0.81
6.0	4.98	0.79	0.12 ^a	1.27	0.21 ^a	0.49	0.29 ^a	0.58	0.41 ^a	0.95
Δb^* (blue-yellow)
0.25	2.66	3.49	−0.70 ^a	2.02	1.21 ^b	1.26	1.41	1.35	0.13 ^a	2.39
0.5	5.86	2.17	0.70 ^a	2.27	1.05 ^a	1.11	1.17 ^a	1.91	0.84 ^a	2.71
1.0	7.90	1.84	0.70 ^a	2.37	0.05 ^a	1.51	1.61 ^a	0.86	0.49 ^a	2.24
2.0	9.35	2.59	0.64 ^a	2.06	0.38 ^a	0.74	1.49 ^a	1.02	0.34 ^a	2.61
4.0	10.20	3.21	−0.10 ^a	1.70	−0.31 ^a	0.78	0.72 ^a	1.28	−0.36 ^a	1.79
6.0	9.64	3.32	−0.69 ^a	1.63	−0.45 ^a	0.45	−0.38 ^a	2.00	−1.06 ^a	2.55
ΔE (total difference)
0.25	10.11	1.87	8.03 ^b	2.53	7.34 ^a	2.52	8.66	2.59	7.70 ^a	2.85
0.5	12.62	2.19	9.39 ^a	2.19	8.56 ^a	3.04	8.96 ^a	2.28	9.25 ^a	2.97
1.0	15.41	1.94	10.64 ^a	2.48	9.02 ^a	5.15	9.99 ^a	3.35	10.39 ^a	3.47
2.0	17.47	2.03	9.78 ^a	2.17	8.87 ^a	4.42	9.62 ^a	3.28	9.63 ^a	2.74
4.0	19.40	2.05	8.99 ^a	2.48	7.73 ^a	4.42	8.36 ^a	3.06	8.88 ^a	2.76
6.0	20.22	2.77	8.38 ^a	2.97	6.99 ^a	4.04	8.14 ^a	2.59	8.84 ^a	2.96

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A Laboratory Method to Measure Skin Surface Staining by Cigarette Smoke, Tobacco Heating Products and E-Cigarettes

Published Online: Jan 02, 2022

Page range: 158 - 166

Received: Mar 16, 2021

Accepted: Aug 20, 2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/cttr-2021-0013

Keywords
Surface staining, cigarette, electronic cigarette/e-cigarette, tobacco heating product, hygiene, skin

© 2021 Annette Dalrymple et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Figure 1

Products assessed for skin staining.

Mean ΔL, Δa, Δb* and ΔE and standard deviation values following the exposure of skin samples to 50–400 puffs of 3R4F cigarettes, glo sens THP, iSwitch Maxx EC or air as a control.

Product puffing regimes.

Mean ΔL, Δa, Δb* and ΔE and standard deviation values following the exposure of skin samples for 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0 and 6.0 h to particulate matter generated from 3R4F cigarettes, glo and glo sens THP, iSwitch Maxx EC or DMSO as a control.

A Laboratory Method to Measure Skin Surface Staining by Cigarette Smoke, Tobacco Heating Products and E-Cigarettes

Published Online: Jan 02, 2022

Page range: 158 - 166

Received: Mar 16, 2021

Accepted: Aug 20, 2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/cttr-2021-0013

KeywordsSurface staining, cigarette, electronic cigarette/e-cigarette, tobacco heating product, hygiene, skin

© 2021 Annette Dalrymple et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Figure 1

Products assessed for skin staining.

Mean ΔL*, Δa*, Δb* and ΔE and standard deviation values following the exposure of skin samples to 50–400 puffs of 3R4F cigarettes, glo sens THP, iSwitch Maxx EC or air as a control.

Product puffing regimes.

Mean ΔL*, Δa*, Δb* and ΔE and standard deviation values following the exposure of skin samples for 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0 and 6.0 h to particulate matter generated from 3R4F cigarettes, glo and glo sens THP, iSwitch Maxx EC or DMSO as a control.

Keywords
Surface staining, cigarette, electronic cigarette/e-cigarette, tobacco heating product, hygiene, skin

Mean ΔL, Δa, Δb* and ΔE and standard deviation values following the exposure of skin samples to 50–400 puffs of 3R4F cigarettes, glo sens THP, iSwitch Maxx EC or air as a control.

Mean ΔL, Δa, Δb* and ΔE and standard deviation values following the exposure of skin samples for 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0 and 6.0 h to particulate matter generated from 3R4F cigarettes, glo and glo sens THP, iSwitch Maxx EC or DMSO as a control.