<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<bold>Introduction.</bold> Chromium and cobalt are essential trace elements that are required only in a small amount, otherwise their excess can cause toxic effects.
<bold>Aim.</bold> The aim of this study was to determine the effects of chromium (III) and cobalt (II) and their combinations on genotoxicity in human fibroblasts cells (BJ).
<bold>Material and methods.</bold> In this work, comet and micronucleus assays were used. The BJ cells were exposed to chromium chloride and cobalt chloride at concentration ranges from 100 to 1400 µM. Mixtures of these elements were prepared so as to examine interactions between them.
<bold>Results.</bold> The present study shows the genotoxic effects of chromium (III) and cobalt (II) and their mixtures on BJ cells. In the comet assay, no comets were observed at the lowest concentrations; in the higher, a significant increase in their percentage was observed. In the other assay (formation of micronuclei), a statistically significant increase in the number of cells with micronuclei was observed in the BJ cells spiked with cobalt chloride and chromium chloride. In the case of simultaneous incubation of chromium chloride at 200 µM and cobalt chloride at 1000 µM in the BJ line, antagonism was observed. However, the interaction of chromium chloride at the 1000 µM and cobalt chloride at 200 µM leads to synergism between the studied elements.
<bold>Conclusions.</bold> Cobalt (II) and chromium (III) show genotoxic properties, they induce breaks in double and single-stranded DNA and they cause formation of AP-sites that do not have purine or pyrimidine bases.
</abstract>

Introduction. Chromium and cobalt are essential trace elements that are required only in a small amount, otherwise their excess can cause toxic effects.
Aim. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of chromium (III) and cobalt (II) and their combinations on genotoxicity in human fibroblasts cells (BJ).
Material and methods. In this work, comet and micronucleus assays were used. The BJ cells were exposed to chromium chloride and cobalt chloride at concentration ranges from 100 to 1400 µM. Mixtures of these elements were prepared so as to examine interactions between them.
Results. The present study shows the genotoxic effects of chromium (III) and cobalt (II) and their mixtures on BJ cells. In the comet assay, no comets were observed at the lowest concentrations; in the higher, a significant increase in their percentage was observed. In the other assay (formation of micronuclei), a statistically significant increase in the number of cells with micronuclei was observed in the BJ cells spiked with cobalt chloride and chromium chloride. In the case of simultaneous incubation of chromium chloride at 200 µM and cobalt chloride at 1000 µM in the BJ line, antagonism was observed. However, the interaction of chromium chloride at the 1000 µM and cobalt chloride at 200 µM leads to synergism between the studied elements.
Conclusions. Cobalt (II) and chromium (III) show genotoxic properties, they induce breaks in double and single-stranded DNA and they cause formation of AP-sites that do not have purine or pyrimidine bases.

Genotoxicity of chromium (III) and cobalt (II) and interactions between them

The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin

Department of Microbiology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine

University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn

Current Issues in Pharmacy and Medical Sciences

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

{"article-title":"Genotoxicity of chromium (III) and cobalt (II) and interactions between them"}

Introduction. Chromium and cobalt are essential trace elements that are required only in a small amount, otherwise their excess can cause toxic effects.
Aim....

Genotoxicity of chromium (III) and cobalt (II) and interactions between them

Published Online: Oct 08, 2021

Page range: 142 - 148

Received: Apr 13, 2021

Accepted: Jun 20, 2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/cipms-2021-0021

Keywords
cobalt, chromium, genotoxicity, interactions

© 2021 Katarzyna Czarnek et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Genotoxicity of chromium (III) and cobalt (II) and interactions between them

Published Online: Oct 08, 2021

Page range: 142 - 148

Received: Apr 13, 2021

Accepted: Jun 20, 2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/cipms-2021-0021

Keywordscobalt, chromium, genotoxicity, interactions

© 2021 Katarzyna Czarnek et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Keywords
cobalt, chromium, genotoxicity, interactions