<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<sec><h3>Objective</h3>
<p>The objective of this article is to examine how people value two different attributes of Value of Life Year (VOLY): life expectancy and the quality of life. The results of the first VOLY estimations conducted in Poland are discussed and compared with Polish cost-effectiveness thresholds for medical treatments in the period 2008–2020.</p>
</sec>
<sec><h3>Methodology</h3>
<p>The Discrete Choice Experiment (DCE) method was used to value two attributes of VOLY: increase in life expectancy and improvement in the quality of life.</p>
</sec>
<sec><h3>Main findings</h3>
<p>The VOLY research was conducted in two populations: general and dialysis. Depending on their current health status, people value increased life expectancy and improvement in health quality differently. In light of these results, the VOLY should be differentiated. Also in the Quality Adjusted Life Year (QALY) indicator, the weights of the attributes of length and quality of life should be varied according to different states of health.</p>
<p>A uniform cost-effectiveness threshold is not justified from the perspective of stated preferences. Cost-effectiveness thresholds based on demand-side values should be differentiated.</p>
<p>Current Polish cost-effectiveness thresholds are overestimated compared to valuations based on stated preferences.</p>
</sec>
<sec><h3>Contributions</h3>
<p>The article presents the first estimations of two attributes of VOLY: life expectancy and the quality of life, carried out in Poland.</p>
</sec>
</abstract>

Objective
The objective of this article is to examine how people value two different attributes of Value of Life Year (VOLY): life expectancy and the quality of life. The results of the first VOLY estimations conducted in Poland are discussed and compared with Polish cost-effectiveness thresholds for medical treatments in the period 2008–2020.

Methodology
The Discrete Choice Experiment (DCE) method was used to value two attributes of VOLY: increase in life expectancy and improvement in the quality of life.

Main findings
The VOLY research was conducted in two populations: general and dialysis. Depending on their current health status, people value increased life expectancy and improvement in health quality differently. In light of these results, the VOLY should be differentiated. Also in the Quality Adjusted Life Year (QALY) indicator, the weights of the attributes of length and quality of life should be varied according to different states of health.
A uniform cost-effectiveness threshold is not justified from the perspective of stated preferences. Cost-effectiveness thresholds based on demand-side values should be differentiated.
Current Polish cost-effectiveness thresholds are overestimated compared to valuations based on stated preferences.

Contributions
The article presents the first estimations of two attributes of VOLY: life expectancy and the quality of life, carried out in Poland.

Value of Life Year and Cost-Effectiveness Thresholds: The Case of Poland

Central European Economic Journal

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

{"article-title":"Value of Life Year and Cost-Effectiveness Thresholds: The Case of Poland"}

Objective
The objective of this article is to examine how people value two different attributes of Value of Life Year (VOLY): life expectancy and the quality...

Health effects and programme cost	Programme 0	Programme A	Programme B
Increase in life expectancy	0 years	1 year	1 year
Improvement in health on a 10-point scale	0 point	0 point	1 point
Monthly cost in the form of higher tax	0 PLN	20 PLN	50 PLN
Your choice

Sample	WTP₂₀₀₈	VOLY₂₀₀₈	WTP₂₀₂₀	VOLY₂₀₂₀
General population1-year increase in life expectancy	102	39,127	144	55,106
General population1-year increase in life expectancy and 1-point improvement in health quality	204	78,254	287	110,212
Dialysis population1-year increase in life expectancy	57	14,655	80	20,640
Dialysis population1-year increase in life expectancy and 1-point improvement in health quality	97	24,939	137	35,124

Attribute	Levels
Increase in life expectancy	0 years; 6 months; 1 year; 2 years
Improvement in health on a 10-point scale	0 point; 1 point; 2 points
Monthly cost in the form of higher tax	10 PLN; 20 PLN; 50 PLN; 100 PLN

Value of Life Year and Cost-Effectiveness Thresholds: The Case of Poland

Published Online: Aug 20, 2021

Page range: 256 - 268

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ceej-2021-0019

Keywords
Cost-Effectiveness Threshold, Discrete Choice Experiment (DCE), Quality Adjusted Life Year (QALY), Value of Life Year (VOLY), Value of Statistical Life (VSL)

© 2021 Olimpia Markiewicz, published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

VOLY values for the dialysis population

Sample choice card

WTP and VOLY in 2008 and 2020 values (PLN)

Attribute levels

VOLY values for the general population

Value of Life Year and Cost-Effectiveness Thresholds: The Case of Poland

Published Online: Aug 20, 2021

Page range: 256 - 268

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ceej-2021-0019

KeywordsCost-Effectiveness Threshold, Discrete Choice Experiment (DCE), Quality Adjusted Life Year (QALY), Value of Life Year (VOLY), Value of Statistical Life (VSL)

© 2021 Olimpia Markiewicz, published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

VOLY values for the dialysis population

Sample choice card

WTP and VOLY in 2008 and 2020 values (PLN)

Attribute levels

VOLY values for the general population

Keywords
Cost-Effectiveness Threshold, Discrete Choice Experiment (DCE), Quality Adjusted Life Year (QALY), Value of Life Year (VOLY), Value of Statistical Life (VSL)