This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.
Abdi, A.M., Carrié, R., Sidemo-Holm, W., Cai, Z., Boke-Olén, N., Smith, H.G., Eklundh, L., Ekroos, J., 2021 Biodiversity decline with increasing crop productivity in agricultural fields revealed by satellite remote sensing. Ecological Indicators 130, 108098.AbdiA.M.CarriéR.Sidemo-HolmW.CaiZ.Boke-OlénN.SmithH.G.EklundhL.EkroosJ.2021Biodiversity decline with increasing crop productivity in agricultural fields revealed by satellite remote sensing130108098Search in Google Scholar
Bader, J.C., Lemoalle, J., Leblanc, M., 2011. Modèle hydrologique du lac Tchad. Hydrological Sciences Journal–Journal des Sciences hydrologiques, 56, 411–425.BaderJ.C.LemoalleJ.LeblancM.2011Modèle hydrologique du lac Tchad56411425Search in Google Scholar
Balme, M., Lebel, T., Amani, A., 2006. Années sèches et années humides au Sahel: quo vadimus? Hydrological sciences journal 51, 254–271.BalmeM.LebelT.AmaniA.2006Années sèches et années humides au Sahel: quo vadimus?51254271Search in Google Scholar
Bardinet, C. Télédétection des paysages africains par Landsat et Météosat. Annales de géographie 1981, 90, 354–380.BardinetC.Télédétection des paysages africains par Landsat et Météosat198190354380Search in Google Scholar
Baroin, C., Boutrais, J., 1997. Mega-Tchad: L’homme et l’animal dans le bassin du Tchad. Journal des Africanistes 67, 210–213.BaroinC.BoutraisJ.1997Mega-Tchad: L’homme et l’animal dans le bassin du Tchad67210213Search in Google Scholar
Bastola, S., François, D., 2012. Temporal extension of meteorological records for hydrological modelling of Lake Chad Basin (Africa) using satellite rainfall data and reanalysis datasets. Meteorological Applications 19, 54–70.BastolaS.FrançoisD.2012Temporal extension of meteorological records for hydrological modelling of Lake Chad Basin (Africa) using satellite rainfall data and reanalysis datasets195470Search in Google Scholar
Bennour, A., Jia, L., Menenti, M., Zheng, C., Zeng, Y., Asenso Barnieh, B., Jiang, M., 2022. Calibration and Validation of SWAT Model by Using Hydrological Remote Sensing Observables in the Lake Chad Basin. Remote Sensing 14.BennourA.JiaL.MenentiM.ZhengC.ZengY.Asenso BarniehB.JiangM.2022Calibration and Validation of SWAT Model by Using Hydrological Remote Sensing Observables in the Lake Chad Basin14Search in Google Scholar
Birkett, C., 2000. Synergistic Remote Sensing of Lake Chad: Variability of Basin Inundation. Remote Sensing of Environment 72, 218–236.BirkettC.2000Synergistic Remote Sensing of Lake Chad: Variability of Basin Inundation72218236Search in Google Scholar
Black, F.W., Lee, J., Ichoku, C.M., Ellison, L., Gatebe, C.K., Babamaaji, R., Abdollahi, K., San, S., 2021. Biomass Burning and Water Balance Dynamics in the Lake Chad Basin in Africa. Earth 2, 340–356.BlackF.W.LeeJ.IchokuC.M.EllisonL.GatebeC.K.BabamaajiR.AbdollahiK.SanS.2021Biomass Burning and Water Balance Dynamics in the Lake Chad Basin in Africa2340356Search in Google Scholar
Bouchette, F., Schuster, M., Ghienne, J.F., Denamiel, C., Roquin, C., Moussa, A., Marsaleix, P., Duringer, P., 2010. Hydrodynamics in Holocene Lake Mega-Chad. Quaternary Research 73, 226–236.BouchetteF.SchusterM.GhienneJ.F.DenamielC.RoquinC.MoussaA.MarsaleixP.DuringerP.2010Hydrodynamics in Holocene Lake Mega-Chad73226236Search in Google Scholar
Bristow, C., Armitage, S., 2016. Dune ages in the sand deserts of the southern Sahara and Sahel. Quaternary International 410, 46–57.BristowC.ArmitageS.2016Dune ages in the sand deserts of the southern Sahara and Sahel4104657Search in Google Scholar
Bu, X., Yue, P., Wang, L., Zhang, M., 2015. A scripting approach for integrating software packages and geoprocessing services into scientific workflows. In Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Agro-Geoinformatics (Agro-geoinformatics), 15–18.BuX.YueP.WangL.ZhangM.2015InProceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Agro-Geoinformatics (Agro-geoinformatics)1518Search in Google Scholar
Buma, W., Lee, S.I., 2016. Investigating the Changes within the Lake Chad Basin Using GRACE and LANDSAT Imageries. 12th International Conference on Hydroinformatics (HIC 2016) - Smart Water for the Future. Procedia Engineering 154, 403–405.BumaW.LeeS.I.2016Investigating the Changes within the Lake Chad Basin Using GRACE and LANDSAT Imageries154403405Search in Google Scholar
Buma, W.G., Lee, S.I., Seo, J.Y., 2018. Recent Surface Water Extent of Lake Chad from Multispectral Sensors and GRACE. Sensors 18.BumaW.G.LeeS.I.SeoJ.Y.2018Recent Surface Water Extent of Lake Chad from Multispectral Sensors and GRACE18Search in Google Scholar
Buma, W.G., Lee, S.I., 2020. Evaluation of Sentinel-2 and Landsat 8 Images for Estimating Chlorophyll-a Concentrations in Lake Chad, Africa. Remote Sensing, 12.BumaW.G.LeeS.I.2020Evaluation of Sentinel-2 and Landsat 8 Images for Estimating Chlorophyll-a Concentrations in Lake Chad, Africa12Search in Google Scholar
Burke, K., 1976. The Chad basin: An active intra-continental basin. Tectonophysics, 36, 197–206.BurkeK.1976The Chad basin: An active intra-continental basin36197206Search in Google Scholar
Cabot, J., 1970. Le Tchad, du Nord au Sud. Raison présente, 14, 15–27.CabotJ.1970Le Tchad, du Nord au Sud141527Search in Google Scholar
Chen, D., Shams, S., Carmona-Moreno, C., Leone, A., 2010. Assessment of open source GIS software for water resources management in developing countries. Journal of Hydro-environment Research 4, 253–264.ChenD.ShamsS.Carmona-MorenoC.LeoneA.2010Assessment of open source GIS software for water resources management in developing countries4253264Search in Google Scholar
Coe, M.T., Birkett, C.M., 2004. Calculation of river discharge and prediction of lake height from satellite radar altimetry: Example for the Lake Chad basin. Water Resources Research 40, 10.CoeM.T.BirkettC.M.2004Calculation of river discharge and prediction of lake height from satellite radar altimetry: Example for the Lake Chad basin4010Search in Google Scholar
Daveau, S., 1960. Le lac Tchad. Annales de géographie 69, 221–221.DaveauS.1960Le lac Tchad69221221Search in Google Scholar
Drake, N.A., Candy, I., Breeze, P., Armitage, S.J., Gasmi, N., Schwenninger, J.L., Peat, D., Manning, K., 2022. Sedimentary and geomorphic evidence of Saharan megalakes: A synthesis. Quaternary Science Reviews 276, 107318.DrakeN.A.CandyI.BreezeP.ArmitageS.J.GasmiN.SchwenningerJ.L.PeatD.ManningK.2022Sedimentary and geomorphic evidence of Saharan megalakes: A synthesis276107318Search in Google Scholar
Durand, A., 1982. Oscillations of lake Chad over the past 50,000 years: New data and new hypothesis. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 39, 37–53.DurandA.1982Oscillations of lake Chad over the past 50,000 years: New data and new hypothesis393753Search in Google Scholar
Fahrig, L., 2003. Effects of Habitat Fragmentation on Biodiversity. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 34, 487–515.FahrigL.2003Effects of Habitat Fragmentation on Biodiversity34487515Search in Google Scholar
Falaki, M.A., Ahmed, H.T., Akpu, B., 2020. Predictive modeling of desertification in Jibia Local Government Area of Katsina State, Nigeria. The Egyptian Journal of Remote Sensing and Space Science 23, 363–370.FalakiM.A.AhmedH.T.AkpuB.2020Predictive modeling of desertification in Jibia Local Government Area of Katsina State, Nigeria23363370Search in Google Scholar
FAO (2008). Land cover of Chad – Globcover Regional. Online resource. https://data.apps.fao.org/catalog/iso/0fe4bb5f-d72a-43f8-8827-97321a5e2c52FAO2008Online resource. https://data.apps.fao.org/catalog/iso/0fe4bb5f-d72a-43f8-8827-97321a5e2c52Search in Google Scholar
Fougou, H.K., Lemoalle, J., 2022. Variability of Lake Chad. In: Congo Basin Hydrology, Climate, and Biogeochemistry, American Geophysical Union (AGU), 26, 513–518.FougouH.K.LemoalleJ.2022Variability of Lake ChadIn:26513518Search in Google Scholar
Gbetkom, P.G., Crétaux, J.F., Tchilibou, M., Carret, A., Delhoume, M., Bergé-Nguyen, M., Sylvestre, F., 2023. Lake Chad vegetation cover and surface water variations in response to rainfall fluctuations under recent climate conditions (2000–2020). Science of The Total Environment 857, 159302.GbetkomP.G.CrétauxJ.F.TchilibouM.CarretA.DelhoumeM.Bergé-NguyenM.SylvestreF.2023Lake Chad vegetation cover and surface water variations in response to rainfall fluctuations under recent climate conditions (2000–2020)857159302Search in Google Scholar
Genik, G., 1992. Regional framework, structural and petroleum aspects of rift basins in Niger, Chad and the Central African Republic 683 (C.A.R.). Tectonophysics 213, 169–185.GenikG.1992Regional framework, structural and petroleum aspects of rift basins in Niger, Chad and the Central African Republic 683 (C.A.R.)213169185Search in Google Scholar
Guganesharajah, K., Shaw, E.M., 1984. Forecasting Water Levels for Lake Chad. Water Resources Research 20, 1053–1065.GuganesharajahK.ShawE.M.1984Forecasting Water Levels for Lake Chad2010531065Search in Google Scholar
Hutchinson, C.F., Warshall, P., Arnould, E.J., Kindler, J., 1992. Development in Arid Lands Lessons from Lake Chad. Environment: 679 Science and Policy for Sustainable Development 34, 16–43.HutchinsonC.F.WarshallP.ArnouldE.J.KindlerJ.1992Development in Arid Lands Lessons from Lake Chad341643Search in Google Scholar
Jean Pierre, T., Primus, A.T., Simon, B.D., Philemon, Z.Z., Hamadjida, G., Monique, A., Jean Pierre, N., Dieudonné Lucien, B., 2019. Characteristics, classification and genesis of vertisols under seasonally contrasted climate in the Lake Chad Basin, Central Africa. Journal of African Earth Sciences 150, 176–193.Jean PierreT.PrimusA.T.SimonB.D.PhilemonZ.Z.HamadjidaG.MoniqueA.Jean PierreN.Dieudonné LucienB.2019Characteristics, classification and genesis of vertisols under seasonally contrasted climate in the Lake Chad Basin, Central Africa150176193Search in Google Scholar
Jones, K., Lanthier, Y., van der Voet, P., van Valkengoed, E., Taylor, D., Fernández-Prieto, D., 2009. Monitoring and assessment of wetlands using Earth Observation: the GlobWetland project. Journal of Environmental Management, 90, 2154–2169.JonesK.LanthierY.van der VoetP.van ValkengoedE.TaylorD.Fernández-PrietoD.2009Monitoring and assessment of wetlands using Earth Observation: the GlobWetland project9021542169Search in Google Scholar
Kusnir, I., Moutaye, H.A., 1997. Ressources minérales du Tchad: une revue. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 24, 549–562.KusnirI.MoutayeH.A.1997Ressources minérales du Tchad: une revue24549562Search in Google Scholar
Lauwaet, D., van Lipzig, N.P.M., Van Weverberg, K., De Ridder, K., Goyens, C., 2012. The precipitation response to the desiccation of Lake Chad. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society 138, 707–719.LauwaetD.van LipzigN.P.M.Van WeverbergK.De RidderK.GoyensC.2012The precipitation response to the desiccation of Lake Chad138707719Search in Google Scholar
Leblanc, M., Favreau, G., Maley, J., Nazoumou, Y., Leduc, C., Stagnitti, F., van Oevelen, P.J., Delclaux, F., Lemoalle, J., 2006. Reconstruction of Megalake Chad using Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission data. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 239, 16–27.LeblancM.FavreauG.MaleyJ.NazoumouY.LeducC.StagnittiF.van OevelenP.J.DelclauxF.LemoalleJ.2006Reconstruction of Megalake Chad using Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission data2391627Search in Google Scholar
Leidig, M., Teeuw, R., 2015. Free software: A review, in the context of disaster management. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation 42, 49–56.LeidigM.TeeuwR.2015Free software: A review, in the context of disaster management424956Search in Google Scholar
Lemenkova, P., Debeir, O., 2022a. R Libraries for Remote Sensing Data Classification by k-means Clustering and NDVI Computation in Congo River Basin, DRC. Applied Sciences 12, 12554.LemenkovaP.DebeirO.2022aR Libraries for Remote Sensing Data Classification by k-means Clustering and NDVI Computation in Congo River Basin, DRC1212554Search in Google Scholar
Lemenkova, P., Debeir, O., 2022b. Satellite Image Processing by Python and R Using Landsat 9 OLI/TIRS and SRTM DEM Data on Côte d’Ivoire, West Africa. Journal of Imaging 8, 317.LemenkovaP.DebeirO.2022bSatellite Image Processing by Python and R Using Landsat 9 OLI/TIRS and SRTM DEM Data on Côte d’Ivoire, West Africa8317Search in Google Scholar
Lemenkova, P., Debeir, O., 2023a. Computing Vegetation Indices from the Satellite Images Using GRASS GIS Scripts for Monitoring Mangrove Forests in the Coastal Landscapes of Niger Delta, Nigeria. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 11.LemenkovaP.DebeirO.2023aComputing Vegetation Indices from the Satellite Images Using GRASS GIS Scripts for Monitoring Mangrove Forests in the Coastal Landscapes of Niger Delta, Nigeria11Search in Google Scholar
Lemenkova, P., Debeir, O., 2023b. GDAL and PROJ Libraries Integrated with GRASS GIS for Terrain Modelling of the Georeferenced Raster Image. Technologies, 11.LemenkovaP.DebeirO.2023bGDAL and PROJ Libraries Integrated with GRASS GIS for Terrain Modelling of the Georeferenced Raster Image11Search in Google Scholar
Lemoalle, J., Bader, J.C., Leblanc, M., Sedick, A., 2012. Recent changes in Lake Chad: Observations, simulations and management options (1973–2011). Global and Planetary Change 80–81, 247–254.LemoalleJ.BaderJ.C.LeblancM.SedickA.2012Recent changes in Lake Chad: Observations, simulations and management options (1973–2011)80–81247254Search in Google Scholar
Lemoalle, J., Magrin, G., 2014. Le développement du lac Tchad: situation actuelle et futurs possibles. online. Marseille, IRD Editions, coll. Expertise collégiale, 216 p + clé USB.LemoalleJ.MagrinG.2014online. Marseille, IRD Editions, coll. Expertise collégiale, 216 p + clé USB.Search in Google Scholar
L’Huillier, P., 1957. Le problème de la desserte du Tchad. L’Information Géographique 21, 62–67.L’HuillierP.1957Le problème de la desserte du Tchad216267Search in Google Scholar
Li, H., Luo, Z., Xu, Y., Zhu, S., Chen, X., Geng, X., Xiao, L., Wan, W., Cui, Y., 2021. A remote sensing-based area dataset for approximately 40 years that reveals the hydrological asynchrony of Lake Chad based on Google Earth Engine. Journal of Hydrology 603, 126934.LiH.LuoZ.XuY.ZhuS.ChenX.GengX.XiaoL.WanW.CuiY.2021A remote sensing-based area dataset for approximately 40 years that reveals the hydrological asynchrony of Lake Chad based on Google Earth Engine603126934Search in Google Scholar
Lighezzolo, A., Martina, A., Zigarán, G., Lopez, A., Solarte, A., Aguirre, E., Rodriguez, A., 2019. Free software libraries for geoprocessing and vector statistics of meteorological satellite data. In Proceedings of the XVIII Workshop on Information Processing and Control (RPIC), 241–246.LighezzoloA.MartinaA.ZigaránG.LopezA.SolarteA.AguirreE.RodriguezA.2019InProceedings of the XVIII Workshop on Information Processing and Control (RPIC)241246Search in Google Scholar
Lopez, T., Ramillien, G., Antoine, R., Darrozes, J., Cui, Y.J., Kerr, Y., 2018. Investigation of Short-Term Evolution of Soil Characteristics over the Lake Chad Basin Using GRACE Data. Remote Sensing 10.LopezT.RamillienG.AntoineR.DarrozesJ.CuiY.J.KerrY.2018Investigation of Short-Term Evolution of Soil Characteristics over the Lake Chad Basin Using GRACE Data10Search in Google Scholar
Mahmood, R., Jia, S., 2019. Assessment of hydro-climatic trends and causes of dramatically declining stream flow to Lake Chad, Africa, using a hydrological approach. Science of The Total Environment 122–140.MahmoodR.JiaS.2019Assessment of hydro-climatic trends and causes of dramatically declining stream flow to Lake Chad, Africa, using a hydrological approach122140Search in Google Scholar
Mémin, A., Ghienne, J.F., Hinderer, J., Roquin, C., Schuster, M., 2020. The Hydro-Isostatic Rebound Related to Megalake Chad (Holocene, Africa): First Numerical Modelling and Significance for Paleo-Shorelines Elevation. Water, 12.MéminA.GhienneJ.F.HindererJ.RoquinC.SchusterM.2020The Hydro-Isostatic Rebound Related to Megalake Chad (Holocene, Africa): First Numerical Modelling and Significance for Paleo-Shorelines Elevation12Search in Google Scholar
Neteler, M., Mitasova, H., 2004. Open Source GIS: A GRASS GIS Approach, 2 ed., Kluwer Academic Publishers, 424 pp.NetelerM.MitasovaH.20042 ed.Kluwer Academic Publishers424 pp.Search in Google Scholar
Neteler, M., Mitasova, H., 2008. Open Source GIS: A GRASS GIS Approach, 3 ed., Vol. 773, The International Series in Engineering and Computer Science, Springer: New York, US, 406 pp.NetelerM.MitasovaH.20083 ed.773The International Series in Engineering and Computer Science, SpringerNew York, US406 pp.Search in Google Scholar
Nilsson, E., Hochrainer-Stigler, S., Mochizuki, J., Uvo, C.B., 2016. Hydro-climatic variability and agricultural production on the shores of Lake Chad. Environmental Development 20, 15–30.NilssonE.Hochrainer-StiglerS.MochizukiJ.UvoC.B.2016Hydro-climatic variability and agricultural production on the shores of Lake Chad201530Search in Google Scholar
Nwilo, P., Olayinka, D., Okolie, C., Emmanuel, E., Orji, M., Daramola, O., 2020. Impacts of land cover changes on desertification in northern Nigeria and implications on the Lake Chad Basin. Journal of Arid Environments 181, 104190.NwiloP.OlayinkaD.OkolieC.EmmanuelE.OrjiM.DaramolaO.2020Impacts of land cover changes on desertification in northern Nigeria and implications on the Lake Chad Basin181104190Search in Google Scholar
Nzango, C., Bartout, P., Touchart, L., Nguimalet, C.R., 2022. The Environmental Issues of the Ubangui Water Transfer Project to Lake Chad. In Congo Basin Hydrology, Climate, and Biogeochemistry, American Geophysical Union (AGU) 25, 499–511.NzangoC.BartoutP.TouchartL.NguimaletC.R.2022The Environmental Issues of the Ubangui Water Transfer Project to Lake Chad25499511Search in Google Scholar
Okeke-Ogbuafor, N., Gray, T., Ani, K., Stead, S., 2023. Proposed Solutions to the Problems of the Lake Chad Fisheries: Resilience Lessons for Africa? Fishes 8.Okeke-OgbuaforN.GrayT.AniK.SteadS.2023Proposed Solutions to the Problems of the Lake Chad Fisheries: Resilience Lessons for Africa?8Search in Google Scholar
Onamuti, O.Y., Okogbue, E.C., Orimoloye, I.R., 2017. Remote sensing appraisal of Lake Chad shrinkage connotes severe impacts on green economics and socio-economics of the catchment area. Royal Society Open Science 4, 171120.OnamutiO.Y.OkogbueE.C.OrimoloyeI.R.2017Remote sensing appraisal of Lake Chad shrinkage connotes severe impacts on green economics and socio-economics of the catchment area4171120Search in Google Scholar
Owonikoko, S.B., Momodu, J.A., 2020. Environmental degradation, livelihood, and the stability of Chad Basin Region. Small Wars & Insurgencies 31, 1295–1322.OwonikokoS.B.MomoduJ.A.2020Environmental degradation, livelihood, and the stability of Chad Basin Region3112951322Search in Google Scholar
Pattnayak, K.C., Abdel-Lathif, A.Y., Rathakrishnan, K.V., Singh, M., Dash, R., Maharana, P., 2019. Changing Climate Over Chad: Is the Rainfall Over the Major Cities Recovering? Earth and Space Science 6, 1149–1160.PattnayakK.C.Abdel-LathifA.Y.RathakrishnanK.V.SinghM.DashR.MaharanaP.2019Changing Climate Over Chad: Is the Rainfall Over the Major Cities Recovering?611491160Search in Google Scholar
Pham-Duc, B., Sylvestre, F., Papa, F., Frappart, F., Bouchez, C., Crétaux, J.F., 2020. The Lake Chad hydrology under current climate change. Scientific Reports 10, 5498.Pham-DucB.SylvestreF.PapaF.FrappartF.BouchezC.CrétauxJ.F.2020The Lake Chad hydrology under current climate change105498Search in Google Scholar
Pédro, G., Carmouze, J.P., 1977. Influence du climat sur le type de régulation saline du lac Tchad. Relations avec les modes de sédimentation lacustre. Sciences Géologiques, bulletins et mémoires 30, 33–49.PédroG.CarmouzeJ.P.1977Influence du climat sur le type de régulation saline du lac Tchad. Relations avec les modes de sédimentation lacustre303349Search in Google Scholar
Peng, B., Guan, K., Tang, J., Ainsworth, E.A., Asseng, S., Bernacchi, C.J., Cooper, M., Delucia, E.H., Elliott, J.W., Ewert, F., et al., 2020. Towards a multiscale crop modelling framework for climate change adaptation assessment. Nature Plants 6, 338–348.PengB.GuanK.TangJ.AinsworthE.A.AssengS.BernacchiC.J.CooperM.DeluciaE.H.ElliottJ.W.EwertF.2020Towards a multiscale crop modelling framework for climate change adaptation assessment6338348Search in Google Scholar
Pouyaud, B., Colombani, J., 1989. Les variations extrêmes au lac Tchad: l’assèchement est-il possible? Annales de géographie 98, 1–23.PouyaudB.ColombaniJ.1989Les variations extrêmes au lac Tchad: l’assèchement est-il possible?98123Search in Google Scholar
Riebe, K., Dressel, A., 2021. The impact on food security of a shrinking Lake Chad. Journal of Arid Environments 189, 104486.RiebeK.DresselA.2021The impact on food security of a shrinking Lake Chad189104486Search in Google Scholar
Riou, C., 1972. Etude de l’évaporation en Afrique centrale (Tchad, République centrafricaine, Congo). PhD thesis, l’Université Paris VI, 777 Paris, France. 205 pp. 778.RiouC.1972PhD thesis,l’Université Paris VI777 Paris, France205 pp. 778.Search in Google Scholar
Robinson, A.H., Robinson, P.K., 1971. Seasonal distribution of zooplankton in the northern basin of Lake Chad. Journal of Zoology 163, 25–61.RobinsonA.H.RobinsonP.K.1971Seasonal distribution of zooplankton in the northern basin of Lake Chad1632561Search in Google Scholar
Rognon, P., 1976. Constructions alluviales holocènes et oscillations climatiques du Sahara méridional. Bulletin de l’Association de Géographes Français, 53, 77–84.RognonP.1976Constructions alluviales holocènes et oscillations climatiques du Sahara méridional537784Search in Google Scholar
Rudincová, K., 2017. Desiccation of Lake Chad as a cause of security instability in the Sahel region. GeoScape 11, 112–120.RudincováK.2017Desiccation of Lake Chad as a cause of security instability in the Sahel region11112120Search in Google Scholar
Sarch, M.T., Birkett, C., 2000. Fishing and Farming at Lake Chad: Responses to Lake-level Fluctuations. The Geographical Journal 166, 156–172.SarchM.T.BirkettC.2000Fishing and Farming at Lake Chad: Responses to Lake-level Fluctuations166156172Search in Google Scholar
Schuster, M., Duringer, P., Ghienne, J.F., Roquin, C., Sepulchre, P., Moussa, A., Lebatard, A.E., Mackaye, H.T., Likius, A., Vignaud, P., et al., 2009. Chad Basin: Paleoenvironments of the Sahara since the Late Miocene. Comptes Rendus Geoscience 341, 603–611.SchusterM.DuringerP.GhienneJ.F.RoquinC.SepulchreP.MoussaA.LebatardA.E.MackayeH.T.LikiusA.VignaudP.2009Chad Basin: Paleoenvironments of the Sahara since the Late Miocene341603611Search in Google Scholar
Servant, M., 1983. Séquences continentales et variations climatiques: évolution du bassin du Tchad au Cénozoïque supérieur. PhD thesis, L’Université Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris VI), Paris, France.ServantM.1983PhD thesis,L’Université Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris VI)Paris, FranceSearch in Google Scholar
Steiniger, S., Hunter, A.J.S., 2013. The 2012 free and open source GIS software map – A guide to facilitate research, development, and adoption. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, 39, 136–150.SteinigerS.HunterA.J.S.2013The 2012 free and open source GIS software map – A guide to facilitate research, development, and adoption39136150Search in Google Scholar
Tilho, J., 1928. Variations et disparition possible du Tchad. Annales de géographie 37, 238–260.TilhoJ.1928Variations et disparition possible du Tchad37238260Search in Google Scholar
Tubiana, M.J.,1989. Tchad 1989: les changements. Journal des Africanistes 59, 185–200.TubianaM.J.1989Tchad 1989: les changements59185200Search in Google Scholar
Vaquero, G., Siavashani, N.S., García-Martínez, D., Elorza, F.J., Bila, M., Candela, L., Serrat-Capdevila, A., 2021. The Lake Chad transboundary aquifer. Estimation of groundwater fluxes through international borders from regional numerical modeling. Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies 38, 100935.VaqueroG.SiavashaniN.S.García-MartínezD.ElorzaF.J.BilaM.CandelaL.Serrat-CapdevilaA.2021The Lake Chad transboundary aquifer. Estimation of groundwater fluxes through international borders from regional numerical modeling38100935Search in Google Scholar
Wakdok, S.S., Bleischwitz, R., 2021. Climate Change, Security, and the Resource Nexus: Case Study of Northern Nigeria and Lake Chad. Sustainability 13.WakdokS.S.BleischwitzR.2021Climate Change, Security, and the Resource Nexus: Case Study of Northern Nigeria and Lake Chad13Search in Google Scholar
Wang, J., Wu, F., 2021. Advances in Cartography and Geographic Information Engineering, 1 ed., Springer: Singapore. 638 pp.WangJ.WuF.20211 ed.SpringerSingapore638 pp.Search in Google Scholar
Weiss, M., Jacob, F., Duveiller, G., 2020. Remote sensing for agricultural applications: A meta-review. Remote Sensing of Environment 236, 111402.WeissM.JacobF.DuveillerG.2020Remote sensing for agricultural applications: A meta-review236111402Search in Google Scholar
Wilson, S., Mitchell, G.W., Pasher, J., McGovern, M., Hudson, M.A.R., Fahrig, L., 2017. Influence of crop type, heterogeneity and woody structure on avian biodiversity in agricultural landscapes. Ecological Indicators 83, 218–226.WilsonS.MitchellG.W.PasherJ.McGovernM.HudsonM.A.R.FahrigL.2017Influence of crop type, heterogeneity and woody structure on avian biodiversity in agricultural landscapes83218226Search in Google Scholar
Xie, Y., Sha, Z., Yu, M., 2008. Remote sensing imagery in vegetation mapping: a review. Journal of Plant Ecology 1, 9–23.XieY.ShaZ.YuM.2008Remote sensing imagery in vegetation mapping: a review1923Search in Google Scholar
Yao, F., Livneh, B., Rajagopalan, B., Wang, J., Crétaux, J.F., Wada, Y., Berge-Nguyen, M., 2023. Satellites reveal widespread decline in global lake water storage. Science 380, 743–749.YaoF.LivnehB.RajagopalanB.WangJ.CrétauxJ.F.WadaY.Berge-NguyenM.2023Satellites reveal widespread decline in global lake water storage380743749Search in Google Scholar
Yves, A., 2022. Systèmes d’information géographique: Avec logiciels libres GRASS et QGIS, 2 ed., Dunod, 212 pp.YvesA.20222 ed.Dunod212 pp.Search in Google Scholar
Zhao, S., Cook, K.H., Vizy, E.K., 2022. How shrinkage of Lake Chad affects the local climate. Climate Dynamics 60, 1–25.ZhaoS.CookK.H.VizyE.K.2022How shrinkage of Lake Chad affects the local climate60125Search in Google Scholar
Zhu, W., Yan, J., Jia, S., 2017. Monitoring Recent Fluctuations of the Southern Pool of Lake Chad Using Multiple Remote Sensing Data: Implications for Water Balance Analysis. Remote Sensing, 9.ZhuW.YanJ.JiaS.2017Monitoring Recent Fluctuations of the Southern Pool of Lake Chad Using Multiple Remote Sensing Data: Implications for Water Balance Analysis9Search in Google Scholar
Zieba, F.W., Yengoh, G.T., Tom, A., 2017. Seasonal Migration and Settlement around Lake Chad: Strategies for Control of Resources in an Increasingly Drying Lake. Resources 6.ZiebaF.W.YengohG.T.TomA.2017Seasonal Migration and Settlement around Lake Chad: Strategies for Control of Resources in an Increasingly Drying Lake6Search in Google Scholar