[1. Shriver MD, Kittles RA. Genetic ancestry and the search for personalized genetic histories. Nat Rev Genet. 2004; 5(8): 611-618.10.1038/nrg140515266343]Search in Google Scholar
[2. Suissa S, Wang Z, Poole J, Wittkopp S, Feder, Shutt TE, et al. Ancient mtDNA genetic variants modulate mtDNA transcription and replication. PLoS Genet. 2009; 5(5): e1000474.10.1371/journal.pgen.1000474267303619424428]Search in Google Scholar
[3. Moreno-Loshuertos R, Acin-Perez R, Fernandez- Silva P, Movilla N, Perez-Martoz A, Rodriguez de Cordoba S, et al. Differences in reactive oxygen species production explain the phenotypes associated with common mouse mitochondrial DNA variants. Nat Genet. 2006; 38(11): 1261-1268.10.1038/ng189717013393]Search in Google Scholar
[4. Kazuno AA, Manukata K, Nagai T, Shimozono S, Tanaka M, Yoneda M, et al. Identification of mitochondrial DNA polymorphisms that alter mitochondrial matrix pH and intracellular calcium dynamics. PLoS Genet. 2006; 2(8): e128.10.1371/journal.pgen.0020128153407916895436]Search in Google Scholar
[5. Anderson S, Bankier AT, Barrell BG, de Bruin MH, Coulson AR, Drouin J, et al. Sequence and organization of the human mitochondrial genome. Nature. 1981; 290(5806): 457-465.10.1038/290457a07219534]Search in Google Scholar
[6. Pakendorf B, Stoneking M. Mitochondrial DNA and human evolution. Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet. 2005; 6: 165-183.10.1146/annurev.genom.6.080604.16224916124858]Search in Google Scholar
[7. Horai S, Hayasaka K, Kondo R, Tsugane K, Takahata N. Recent African origin of modern humans revealed by complete sequences of hominoid mitochondrial DNAs. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1995; 92(2): 532-536.10.1073/pnas.92.2.532427757530363]Search in Google Scholar
[8. Tully LA, Parsons TJ, Steighner RJ, Holland MM, Marino MA, Prenger VL. A sensitive denaturing gradient-gel electrophoresis assay reveals a high frequency of het-eroplasmy in hypervariable region 1 of the human mtDNA control region. Am J Hum Genet. 2000; 67(2): 432-443.10.1086/302996128718810873789]Search in Google Scholar
[9. Vigilant L, Stone king M, Harpending H, Hawkes K, Wilson AC. African populations and the evolution of human mitochondrial DNA. Science. 1991; 253(5027): 1503-1507.10.1126/science.18407021840702]Search in Google Scholar
[10. Forster P, Matsumura S. Evolution. Did early humans go north or south? Science. 2005; 308(5724): 965-966.10.1126/science.111326115890867]Search in Google Scholar
[11. Salas A, Richards M, de la Fe T, Lares MV, Sobrino B, Sanchez-Diz P, et al. The making of the African mtDNA landscape. Am J Hum Genet. 2002; 71(5): 1082-1111.10.1086/344348]Search in Google Scholar
[12. Comas D, Calafell F, Mateu E, Perez-Sezaun A, Bosch E, Bertranpetit J. Mitochondrial DNA variation and the origin of the Europeans. Hum Genet. 1997; 99(4): 443-449.10.1007/s004390050386]Search in Google Scholar
[13. Calafell F, Underhill P, Tolu A, Angelicheva D, Kalaydjieva L. From Asia to Europe: Mitochondrial DNA sequence variability in Bulgarians and Turks. Ann Hum Genet. 1996; 60(Pt 1): 35-49.10.1111/j.1469-1809.1996.tb01170.x]Search in Google Scholar
[14. Andrews RM, Kubacka I, Chinnery PF, Lightow- lers RN, Turnbull, Howell N. Reanalysis and revision of the Cambridge reference sequence for human mitochondrial DNA. Nat Genet. 1999; 23(2): 147.10.1038/13779]Search in Google Scholar
[15. Yonggang Y, Yaping Z. Pitfalls in the analysis of ancient human mtDNA. Chinese Sci Bull. 2003; 48(8): 826-830.10.1007/BF03187061]Search in Google Scholar
[16. Yao YG, Zhang YP. Mitochondrial DNA and human evolution (in Chinese). Zool Res. 2000; 21(4): 392-406.]Search in Google Scholar
[17. Higuchi R, Bowman B, Freiberger M, Ryder OA, Wilson AC. DNA sequences from the quagga, an extinct member of the horse family. Nature. 1984; 312(5991): 282-284.10.1038/312282a0]Search in Google Scholar
[18. Paabo S. Molecular cloning of ancient Egyptian mummy DNA. Nature. 1985; 314(6012): 644-645.10.1038/314644a0]Search in Google Scholar
[19. Krings M, Stone A, Schlitz RW, Krainitzki H, Stone king M, Paabo S. Neanderthal DNA sequences and the origin of modern humans. Cell. 1997; 90(1): 19-30.10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80310-4]Search in Google Scholar
[20. Adachi N, Umetsu K, Takigawa W, Sakauea K. Phylogenetic analysis of the human ancient mitochondrial DNA. J Archaeol Sci. 2004; 31(10): 1339-1348.10.1016/j.jas.2004.02.011]Search in Google Scholar
[21. Forster P. Ice Ages and the mitochondrial DNA chronology of human dispersals: A review. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2004; 359(1442): 255-264 (discussion: 264).10.1098/rstb.2003.1394169332015101581]Search in Google Scholar
[22. Cooper A, Poinar HN. Ancient DNA: Do it right or not at all. Science. 2000; 289(5482): 1139.10.1126/science.289.5482.1139b]Search in Google Scholar
[23. Kolman CJ, Tuross N. Ancient DNA analysis of human populations. Am J Phys Anthropol. 2000; 111(1): 5-23.10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(200001)111:1<5::AID-AJPA2>3.0.CO;2-3]Search in Google Scholar
[24. Bandelt HJ. Mosaics of ancient mitochondrial DNA: positive indicators of nonauthenticity. Eur J Hum Genet. 2005; 13(10): 1106-1112.10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201476]Search in Google Scholar
[25. Garcia-Garcera M, Gigli E, Sanchez-Quinto F, Ramirez O, Calafell F, Civit S, et al. Fragmentation of contaminant and endogenous DNA in ancient samples determined by shotgun sequencing; prospects for human palaeogenomics. PLoS One. 2011; 6(8): e24161.10.1371/journal.pone.0024161]Search in Google Scholar
[26. Wall JD, Kim SK. Inconsistencies in Neanderthal genomic DNA sequences. PLoS Genet. 2007; 3(10): 1862-1866.]Search in Google Scholar
[27. Pilli E, Modi A, Serpico C Chilli A, Lancioni H, Lippi B, et al. Monitoring DNA contamination in handled vs. directly excavated ancient human skeletal remains. PLoS One. 2013; 8(1): e52524.10.1371/journal.pone.0052524]Search in Google Scholar
[28. Richards M, Smalley K, Sykes B, Hedges R. Archaeology and genetics: Analyzing DNA from skeletal remains. World Archaeol. 1993; 25(1): 18-28.10.1080/00438243.1993.9980225]Search in Google Scholar
[29. Caramelli D, Milani L, Vai S, Modi A, Pecchioli E, Girard M, et al. A 28,000 years old Cro-Magnon mtDNA sequence differs from all potentially contaminating modern sequences. PLoS One. 2008; 3(7): e2700.10.1371/journal.pone.0002700]Search in Google Scholar
[30. Sanger F, Nicklen S, Coulson AR. DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1977; 74(12): 5463-5467.10.1073/pnas.74.12.5463]Search in Google Scholar
[31. Knapp M, Hofreiter M. Next generation sequencing of ancient DNA: Requirements, strategies and perspectives. Genes (Basel). 2010; 1(2): 227-243.10.3390/genes1020227]Search in Google Scholar
[32. Wolpoff MH, Caspari R. Race and Human Evolution: A Fatal Attraction. New York, NY: Westview Press, Simon & Schuster. 1997: 11-18.]Search in Google Scholar
[33. Caramelli D, Laluela-Fox C, Vernesi C, Lari M, Caroli A, Mallegni F, et al. Evidence for a genetic discontinuity between Neanderthals and 24,000-year-old anatomically modern Europeans. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2003; 100(11): 6593-6597.10.1073/pnas.1130343100]Search in Google Scholar
[34. Lalueza-Fox C, Sampietro ML, Caramelli D, Puder Y, Lari M, Calafell F, et al. Neanderthal evolutionary genetics: mitochondrial DNA data from the Iberian Peninsula. Mol Biol Evol. 2005; 22(4): 1077-108110.1093/molbev/msi09415689531]Search in Google Scholar
[35. Condemi S, Mounier A, Giunti P, Lari M, Caramelli D, Longo L. Possible interbreeding in late Italian Neanderthals? New data from the Mezzena jaw (Monti Lessini, Verona, Italy). PLoS One. 2013; 8(3): e59781.10.1371/journal.pone.0059781360979523544098]Search in Google Scholar
[36. Smith FH, Falsetto AB, Donnelly SM. Modern human origins. Yearbook Phys Anthropol. 1989; 32: 35-68.10.1002/ajpa.1330320504]Search in Google Scholar
[37. Frayer D. Evolution at the European edge: Neanderthal and Upper Paleolithic relationships. Préhistoire Européenne. 1992; 2: 9-69.]Search in Google Scholar
[38. Eriksson A, Manica A. Effect of ancient population structure on the degree of polymorphism shared between modern human populations and ancient hominins. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2012; 109(35): 13956-13960.10.1073/pnas.1200567109343520222893688]Search in Google Scholar
[39. Bertranpetit J, Sala J, Calafell F, Underhill PA, Moral P, Comas D. Human mitochondrial DNA variation and the origin of Basques. Ann Hum Genet. 1995; 59(Pt 1): 63-81.10.1111/j.1469-1809.1995.tb01606.x7762985]Search in Google Scholar
[40. Cavalli-Sforza LL, Menozzi P, Piazza A. Demic expansions and human evolution. Science. 1993; 259(5095): 639-646.10.1126/science.84303138430313]Search in Google Scholar
[41. Bramanti B, Thomas MG, Haak W, Unterlaender M, Jores P, Tambets K, et al. Genetic discontinuity between local hunter-gatherers and central Europe’s first farmers. Science. 2009; 326(5949): 137-140.10.1126/science.117686919729620]Search in Google Scholar
[42. Balter M. Archaeology. Ancient DNA says Europe’s first farmers came from afar. Science. 2009; 325(5945): 1189.10.1126/science.325_118919729623]Search in Google Scholar
[43. Sampietro ML, Lao O, Caramelli D, Lari M, Pou R, Marti M, et al. Palaeogenetic evidence supports a dual model of Neolithic spreading into Europe. Proc Biol Sci. 2007; 274(1622): 2161-2167.10.1098/rspb.2007.0465270619117609193]Search in Google Scholar
[44. Fu Q, Rudan P, Paabo S, Krause J. Complete mitochondrial genomes reveal neolithic expansion into Europe. PLoS One. 2012; 7(3): e32473.10.1371/journal.pone.0032473330278822427842]Search in Google Scholar
[45. Richards M. The neolithic invasion of Europe. Annu Rev Anthropol. 2003; 32: 135-162.10.1146/annurev.anthro.32.061002.093207]Search in Google Scholar
[46. Haak W, Balanovsky O, Sanchez JJ, Kosher S, Zaporoshchenko V, Adler CJ, et al. Ancient DNA from European early neolithic farmers reveals their near eastern affinities. PLoS Biol. 2010; 8(11): e1000536.10.1371/journal.pbio.1000536297671721085689]Search in Google Scholar
[47. Hervella M, Izagirre N, Alonso S, Fregel R, Alonso A, Cabrera VM, et al. Ancient DNA from hunter-gatherer and farmer groups from Northern Spain supports a random dispersion model for the Neolithic expansion into Europe. PLoS One. 2012; 7(4): e34417.10.1371/journal.pone.0034417334089222563371]Search in Google Scholar
[48. Melchior L, Lynnerup N, Siegismund HR, Kivisild T, Dissing J. Genetic diversity among ancient Nordic populations. PLoS One, 2010. 5(7): p. e11898.10.1371/journal.pone.0011898291284820689597]Search in Google Scholar
[49. Helgason A, Hrafnkelsson B, Gulcher JR, Ward R, Stefansson K. A populationwide coalescent analysis of Icelandic matrilineal and patrilineal genealogies: Evidence for a faster evolutionary rate of mtDNA lineages than Y chromosomes. Am J Hum Genet. 2003; 72(6): 1370-1388.10.1086/375453118029912721957]Search in Google Scholar
[50. Helgason A, Lalueza-Fox C, Ghosh S, Sigurethar- dottir S, Sampietro ML, Gigli E, et al. Sequences from first settlers reveal rapid evolution in Icelandic mtDNA pool. PLoS Genet. 2009; 5(1): e1000343.10.1371/journal.pgen.1000343261375119148284]Search in Google Scholar
[51. Rando JC, Cabrera VM, Larruga JM, Hernandez M, Gonzalez AM, Pinto F, et al. Phylogeographic patterns of mtDNA reflecting the colonization of the Canary Islands. Ann Hum Genet. 1999; 63(Pt 5): 413-428.10.1046/j.1469-1809.1999.6350413.x10735583]Search in Google Scholar
[52. Maca-Meyer N, Array M, Rando JC, Flores C, Gonzalez AM, Cabrera VM, et al. Ancient mtDNA analysis and the origin of the Guanches. Eur J Hum Genet. 2004; 12(2): 155-162.10.1038/sj.ejhg.520107514508507]Search in Google Scholar
[53. Kaestle FA, Smith DG. Ancient mitochondrial DNA evidence for prehistoric population movement: The Numic expansion. Am J Phys Anthropol. 2001; 115(1): 1-12.10.1002/ajpa.105111309745]Search in Google Scholar
[54. Jin L, Seielstad M, Xiao C. Genetic, linguistic and archaeological perspectives on human diversity in Southeast Asia. In: Oxnard CE, Ed. Recent Advances in Human Biology. New Jersey, NJ: World Scientific. 2001: 17-34.]Search in Google Scholar
[55. Lertrit P, Poolsuwan S, Thosarat R, Sanpachudayan T, Boonyarit H, Chinpaisal C, et al. Genetic history of Southeast Asian populations as revealed by ancient and modern human mitochondrial DNA analysis. Am J Phys Anthropol. 2008; 137(4): 425-440.10.1002/ajpa.2088418615504]Search in Google Scholar
[56. Xu Z, Zhang F, Xu B, Tan J, Li S, Li C, et al. Mitochondrial DNA evidence for a diversified origin of workers building First Emperor of China. PLoS One. 2008; 3(10): e3275.10.1371/journal.pone.0003275]Search in Google Scholar
[57. Tomory G, Csany B, Bogacsi-Szabo E, Kalmar T, Czibula A, Csosz A, et al. Comparison of maternal lineage and biogeographic analyses of ancient and modern Hungarian populations. Am J Phys Anthropol. 2007; 134(3): 354-368.10.1002/ajpa.20677]Search in Google Scholar
[58. Adcock GJ, Dennis ES, Osteal S, Huntley GA, Germain LS, Peacock WJ, et al. Mitochondrial DNA sequences in ancient Australians: implications for modern human origins. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2001; 98(2): 537-542.10.1073/pnas.98.2.537]Search in Google Scholar
[59. Crubézy E, Amory S, Geyser C, Bouakaze C, Bodner M, Gilbert M, et al. Human evolution in Siberia: from frozen bodies to ancient DNA. BMC Evol Biol. 2010; 10: 25.10.1186/1471-2148-10-25]Search in Google Scholar
[60. Ricaut FX, Geyser-Tracqui C, Bland in P, Crubézy E, Ludes B. Mitochondrial DNA analysis of ancient Yakut skeletons. International Congress Series 1261. 2004: 392-394.10.1016/S0531-5131(03)01630-3]Search in Google Scholar
[61. Topf AL, Gilbert MT, Fleischer RC, Hoelzel AR. Ancient human mtDNA genotypes from England reveal lost variation over the last millennium. Biol Lett. 2007; 3(5): 550-553.10.1098/rsbl.2007.0269239118817666375]Search in Google Scholar
[62. Shinoda K, Adachi N, Guillen S, Shimada I. Mitochondrial DNA analysis of ancient Peruvian highlanders. Am J Phys Anthropol. 2006; 131(1): 98-107.10.1002/ajpa.2040816485299]Search in Google Scholar
[63. Karachanak S, Carissa V, Nesheva D, Olivieri A, Pala M, Hooshiar Kashani B, et al. Bulgarians vs the other European populations: a mitochondrial DNA perspective. Int J Legal Med. 2012; 126(4): 497-503. 10.1007/s00414-011-0589-y21674295]Search in Google Scholar