Associations Between Variations in TPH1, TPH2 and SLC6A4 Genes and Postpartum Depression: A Study in the Jordanian Population

1. Agampodi TC, Agampodi SB, Wickramasinghe WA, Adhikari AM, Chathurani HK. Post partum depression - a problem that needs urgent attention. Ceylon Med J. 2011; 56(4): 183-184.10.4038/cmj.v56i4.3907Search in Google Scholar

2. Beck CT, Gable RK. Comparative analysis of the performance of the Postpartum Depression Screening Scale with two other depression instruments. Nurs Res. 2001; 50(4): 242-250.10.1097/00006199-200107000-00008Search in Google Scholar

3. Birdsall TC. 5-Hydroxytryptophan: a clinicallyeffective serotonin precursor. Altern Med Rev. 1998; 3(4): 271-280.Search in Google Scholar

4. Richerson GB, Buchanan GF. The serotonin axis: shared mechanisms in seizures, depression, and SUDEP. Epilepsia. 2011; 52(Suppl 1): 28-38.10.1111/j.1528-1167.2010.02908.xSearch in Google Scholar

5. Rahman S, Khan IA, Thomas P. Tryptophan hydroxylase: a target for neuroendocrine disruption. J Tox-icol Environ Health B Crit Rev. 2011; 14(5-7): 473-494.10.1080/10937404.2011.578563Search in Google Scholar

6. Craig SP, Boularand S, Darmon MC, Mallet J, Craig IW. Localization of human tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) to chromosome 11p15.3----p14 by in situ hybridization. Cytogenet Cell Genet. 1991; 56(3-4): 157-159.10.1159/000133075Search in Google Scholar

7. Walther DJ, Bader M. A unique central tryptophan hydroxylase isoform. Biochem Pharmacol. 2003; 66(9): 1673-1680.10.1016/S0006-2952(03)00556-2Search in Google Scholar

8. Jonsson EG, Goldman D, Spurlock G, Gustavsson JP, Nielsen DA, Linnoila M, et al. Tryptophan hydroxylase and catechol-O-methyltransferase gene polymorphisms: relationships to monoamine metabolite concentrations in CSF of healthy volunteers. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 1997; 247(6): 297-302.10.1007/BF02922258Search in Google Scholar

9. Nielsen DA, Jenkins GL, Stefanisko KM, Jefferson KK, Goldman D. Sequence, splice site and population frequency distribution analyses of the polymorphic human tryptophan hydroxylase intron 7. Brain Res Mol Brain Res. 1997; 45(1): 145-148.10.1016/S0169-328X(96)00304-XSearch in Google Scholar

10. Chen GL, Miller GM. Advances in tryptophan hydroxylase-2 gene expression regulation: new insights into serotonin-stress interaction and clinical implications. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet. 2012; 159B(2): 152-171.10.1002/ajmg.b.32023358766422241550Search in Google Scholar

11. Mokrovic G, Matosic A, Hranilovic D, Stefulj J, Novokmet M, Oreskovic D, et al. Alcohol dependence and polymorphisms of serotonin-related genes: association studies. Coll Antropol. 2008; 32(Suppl 1): 127-131.Search in Google Scholar

12. Zhang X, Gainetdinov RR, Beaulieu JM, Sotnikova TD, Burch LH, Williams RB, et al. Loss-offunction mutation in tryptophan hydroxylase-2 identified in unipolar major depression. Neuron. 2005; 45(1): 11-16.10.1016/j.neuron.2004.12.01415629698Search in Google Scholar

13. Egawa J, Watanabe Y, Nunokawa A, Endo T, Kaneko N, Tamura R, et al. A detailed association analysis between the tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (TPH2) gene and autism spectrum disorders in a Japanese population. Psychiatry Res. 2012; 196(2-3): 320-322.10.1016/j.psychres.2011.09.001Search in Google Scholar

14. Fudalej S, Ilgen M, Fudalej M, Kostrzewa G, Barry K, Wojnar M, et al. Association between tryptophan hydroxylase 2 gene polymorphism and completed suicide. Suicide Life Threat Behav. 2010; 40(6): 553-560.10.1521/suli.2010.40.6.553Search in Google Scholar

15. Ramamoorthy S, Cool DR, Mahesh VB, Leibach FH, Melikian HE, Blakely RD, et al. Regulation of the human serotonin transporter. Cholera toxin-induced stimulation of serotonin uptake in human placental choriocarci-noma cells is accompanied by increased serotonin transporter mRNA levels and serotonin transporter-specific ligand binding. J Biol Chem. 1993; 268(29): 21626-21631.10.1016/S0021-9258(20)80587-0Search in Google Scholar

16. Heils A, Teufel A, Petri S, Stober G, Riederer P, Bengel D, et al. Allelic variation of human serotonin transporter gene expression. J Neurochem. 1996; 66(6): 2621-2624.10.1046/j.1471-4159.1996.66062621.x8632190Search in Google Scholar

17. Wray NR, James MR, Gordon SD, Dumenil T, Ryan L, Coventry WL, et al. Accurate, Largescale genotyping of 5HTTLPR and flanking single nucleotide poly-morphisms in an association study of depression, anxiety, and personality measures. Biol Psychiatry. 2009; 66(5): 468-476.10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.04.030306056719541292Search in Google Scholar

18. Cervilla JA, Molina E, Rivera M, Torres-Gonzalez F, Bellon JA, Moreno B, et al. The risk for depression conferred by stressful life events is modified by variation at the serotonin transporter 5HTTLPR genotype: evidence from the Spanish PREDICT-Gene cohort. Mol Psychiatry. 2007; 1(8): 748-755.10.1038/sj.mp.400198117387319Search in Google Scholar

19. Coventry WL, James MR, Eaves LJ, Gordon SD, Gillespie NA, Ryan L, et al. Do 5HTTLPR and stress interact in risk for depression and suicidality? Item response analyses of a large sample. Am J Med Genet B Neuro-psychiatr Genet. 2010; 153B(3): 757-765.10.1002/ajmg.b.31044331910619911410Search in Google Scholar

20. Shinozaki G. The integrated model of serotonin transporter gene variation (5HTTLPR) and the glial cell transporter in stress vulnerability and depression. Med Hypotheses. 2012; 78(3): 410-414.10.1016/j.mehy.2011.10.04322236459Search in Google Scholar

21. Cox JL, Holden JM, Sagovsky R. Detection of postnatal depression. Development of the 10- item Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Br J Psychiatry. 1987; 150(6): 782-786.10.1192/bjp.150.6.7823651732Search in Google Scholar

22. Porter RJ, Gallagher P, O’Brien JT. Effects of rapid tryptophan depletion on salivary cortisol in older people recovered from depression, and the healthy elderly. J Psychopharmacol. 2007; 21(1): 71-75.10.1177/026988110606434116533861Search in Google Scholar

23. Khabour OF, Mesmar FS, Al-Tamimi F, Al- Batay-neh OB, Owais AI. Missense mutation of the EDA gene in a Jordanian family with X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia: phenotypic appearance and speech problems. Genet Mol Res. 2010; 9(2): 941-948.10.4238/vol9-2gmr81020486090Search in Google Scholar

24. Middeldorp CM, de Geus EJ, Beem AL, Lakenberg N, Hottenga JJ, Slagboom PE, et al. Family based association analyses between the serotonin transporter gene polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) and neuroticism, anxiety and depression. Behav Genet. 2007; 37(2): 294-301.10.1007/s10519-006-9139-717216342Search in Google Scholar

25. Mansour HA, Talkowski ME, Wood J, Pless L, Bamne M, Chowdari KV, et al. Serotonin gene polymor- phisms and bipolar I disorder: focus on the serotonin transporter. Ann Med. 2005; 37(8): 590-602.10.1080/0785389050035742816338761Search in Google Scholar

26. Frisch A, Postilnick D, Rockah R, Michaelovsky E, Postilnick S, Birman E, et al. Association of unipolar major depressive disorder with genes of the serotonergic and dopaminergic pathways. Mol Psychiatry. 1999; 4(4): 389-392.10.1038/sj.mp.400053610483058Search in Google Scholar

27. Serretti A, Cristina S, Lilli R, Cusin C, Lattuada E, Lorenzi C, et al. Family-based association study of 5-HTTLPR, TPH, MAO-A, and DRD4 polymorphisms in mood disorders. Am J Med Genet. 2002; 114(4): 361-369.10.1002/ajmg.1035611992558Search in Google Scholar

28. Sun HS, Tsai HW, Ko HC, Chang FM, Yeh TL. Association of tryptophan hydroxylase gene polymorphism with depression, anxiety and comor bid depression and anxiety in a population-based sample of postpartum Taiwanese women. Genes Brain Behav. 2004; 3(6): 328-336.10.1111/j.1601-183X.2004.00085.x15544576Search in Google Scholar

29. Gillespie NA, Whitfield JB, Williams B, Heath AC, Martin NG. The relationship between stressful life events, the serotonin transporter (5-HTTLPR) genotype and major depression. Psychol Med. 2005; 35(1): 101-111.10.1017/S0033291704002727Search in Google Scholar

30. Surtees PG, Wainwright NW, Willis-Owen SA, Luben R, Day NE, Flint J. Social adversity, the serotonin transporter (5-HTTLPR) polymorphism and major depressive disorder. Biol Psychiatry. 2006; 59(3): 224-229.10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.07.01416154545Search in Google Scholar

31. Sanjuan J, Martin-Santos R, Garcia-Esteve L, Carot JM, Guillamat R, Gutierrez-Zotes A, et al. Mood changes after delivery: role of the serotonin transporter gene. Br J Psychiatry. 2008; 193(5): 383-388.10.1192/bjp.bp.107.04542718978318Search in Google Scholar

32. Grabe HJ, Lange M, Wolff B, Volzke H, Lucht M, Freyberger HJ, et al. Mental and physical distress is modulated by a polymorphism in the 5-HT transporter gene interacting with social stressors and chronic disease burden. Mol Psychiatry. 2005; 10(2): 220-224.10.1038/sj.mp.400155515263905Search in Google Scholar

33. Chaaya M, Campbell OM, El Kak F, Shaar D, Harb H, Kaddour A. Postpartum depression: prevalence and determinants in Lebanon. Arch Womens Ment Health. 2002; 5(2): 65-72.10.1007/s00737-002-0140-8145711212510201Search in Google Scholar

34. Halbreich U, Karkun S. Cross-cultural and social diversity of prevalence of postpartum depression and depressive symptoms. J Affect Disord. 2006; 91(2-3): 97-111.10.1016/j.jad.2005.12.05116466664Search in Google Scholar

35. O’Hara MW, Schlechte JA, Lewis DA, Varner MW. Controlled prospective study of postpartum mood disorders: psychological, environmental, and hormonal variables. J Abnorm Psychol. 1991; 100(1): 63-73.10.1037/0021-843X.100.1.63Search in Google Scholar

36. Rich-Edwards JW, Kleinman K, Abrams A, Harlow BL, McLaughlin TJ, Joffe H, et al. Sociodemo- graphic predictors of antenatal and postpartum depressive symptoms among women in a medical group practice. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2006; 60(3): 221-227.10.1136/jech.2005.039370246554816476752Search in Google Scholar

37. Chung EK, McCollum KF, Elo IT, Lee HJ, Culhane JF. Maternal depressive symptoms and infant health practices among low-income women. Pediatrics. 2004; 113(6): e523-e529.10.1542/peds.113.6.e52315173532Search in Google Scholar

38. Gjerdingen DK, Chaloner KM. The relationship of women’s postpartum mental health to employment, childbirth, and social support. J Fam Pract. 1994; 38(5): 465-472.Search in Google Scholar

39. Chaudron LH, Klein MH, Remington P, Palta M, Allen C, Essex MJ. Predictors, prodromes and incidence of postpartum depression. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol. 2001; 22(2): 103-112.10.3109/0167482010904996011446151Search in Google Scholar

40. Josefsson A, Angelsioo L, Berg G, Ekstrom CM, Gunnervik C, Nordin C, et al. Obstetric, somatic, and demographic risk factors for postpartum depressive symptoms. Obstet Gynecol. 2002; 99(2): 223-228.Search in Google Scholar

41. Husain N, Bevc I, Husain M, Chaudhry IB, Atif N, Rahman A. Prevalence and social correlates of postnatal depression in a low income country. Arch Womens Ment Health. 2006; 9(4): 197-202.10.1007/s00737-006-0129-916633740Search in Google Scholar

42. Sullivan PF, Neale MC, Kendler KS. Genetic epidemiology of major depression: review and meta-analysis. Am J Psychiatry. 2000; 157(10): 1552-1562. 10.1176/appi.ajp.157.10.155211007705Search in Google Scholar