<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<italic>Study aim</italic>: The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of sleep and awareness on consolidation of general and Sequence-Specific learning in children.
<italic>Material and methods</italic>: Male participants (n = 48, 10 to 12 years old) were assigned to one of four groups based on awareness and sleep. Acquisition phase took place in the morning (wake groups, 8 ± am) or in the evening (sleep groups, 8 ± pm) followed by a 12 hours retention interval and a subsequent delayed retention test (1 week). Children in the explicit groups were informed about the presence of the sequence, while in the implicit groups were not informed about it. For data analysis in consolidation of general sequence learning and Sequence-Specific Consolidation phases, 2 × 2 × 2 and 2 × 2 × 3 ANOVA with repeated measures on block tests were used respectively.
<italic>Results</italic>: The data provides evidence of offline enhancement of general motor learning after 12 hours which was dependent on sleep and awareness. Moreover, the information persistence after 1-week was significant only in sleep groups. The results also indicated that consolidation of sequence-specific learning was only observed after 12 hours in element duration and it was related to sleep and awareness.
<italic>Conclusions</italic>: The results revealed that sleep wasn’t only an essential factor in enhancement of off-line sequence learning task after 12 hours in children, but performance of the children was dependent on awareness and sleep.
</abstract>

Study aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of sleep and awareness on consolidation of general and Sequence-Specific learning in children.
Material and methods: Male participants (n = 48, 10 to 12 years old) were assigned to one of four groups based on awareness and sleep. Acquisition phase took place in the morning (wake groups, 8 ± am) or in the evening (sleep groups, 8 ± pm) followed by a 12 hours retention interval and a subsequent delayed retention test (1 week). Children in the explicit groups were informed about the presence of the sequence, while in the implicit groups were not informed about it. For data analysis in consolidation of general sequence learning and Sequence-Specific Consolidation phases, 2 × 2 × 2 and 2 × 2 × 3 ANOVA with repeated measures on block tests were used respectively.
Results: The data provides evidence of offline enhancement of general motor learning after 12 hours which was dependent on sleep and awareness. Moreover, the information persistence after 1-week was significant only in sleep groups. The results also indicated that consolidation of sequence-specific learning was only observed after 12 hours in element duration and it was related to sleep and awareness.
Conclusions: The results revealed that sleep wasn’t only an essential factor in enhancement of off-line sequence learning task after 12 hours in children, but performance of the children was dependent on awareness and sleep.

Motor memory consolidation in children: The role of awareness and sleep on offline general and sequence-specific learning

Department of Motor Behavior, Faculty of Sport Sciences

Biomedical Human Kinetics

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Study aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of sleep and awareness on consolidation of general and Sequence-Specific learning in...

Motor memory consolidation in children: The role of awareness and sleep on offline general and sequence-specific learning

Published Online: Feb 10, 2022

Page range: 83 - 94

Received: Jul 25, 2021

Accepted: Jan 06, 2022

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/bhk-2022-0011

Keywords
Consolidation, Children, Offline learning, Passage of time, Explicit knowledge

© 2022 Hamideh Iranmanesh et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Motor memory consolidation in children: The role of awareness and sleep on offline general and sequence-specific learning

Published Online: Feb 10, 2022

Page range: 83 - 94

Received: Jul 25, 2021

Accepted: Jan 06, 2022

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/bhk-2022-0011

KeywordsConsolidation, Children, Offline learning, Passage of time, Explicit knowledge

© 2022 Hamideh Iranmanesh et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Keywords
Consolidation, Children, Offline learning, Passage of time, Explicit knowledge