[
1. Barbat-Artigas S., Filion M.-E., Dupontgand S., Karelis A.D., Aubertin-Leheudre M. (2011) Effects of tai chi training in dynapenic and nondynapenic postmenopausal women. Menopause, 18: 974–979. DOI: 10.1097/gme.0b013e3182127c8910.1097/gme.0b013e3182127c8921555960
]Search in Google Scholar
[
2. Bertoli J., Dal Pupo J., Vaz M.A., Detanico D., Biduski G.M., de la Rocha Freitas C. (2018) Effects of Mat Pilates on hip and knee isokinetic torque parameters in elderly women. J. Bodyw. Mov. Ther., 22: 798–804. DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2017.08.006.10.1016/j.jbmt.2017.08.00630100315
]Search in Google Scholar
[
3. Bird M.L., Hill K.D., Fell J.W. (2012) A Randomized Controlled Study Investigating Static and Dynamic Balance in Older Adults After Training With Pilates. Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil., 93: 43–49. DOI: 10.1016/j. apmr.2011.08.005.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
4. Blain H., Jaussent A., Thomas E., Micallef J.P., Dupuy A.M., Bernard P.L., Mariano-Goulart D., Cristol J.P., Sultan C., Rossi M., Picot M.C. (2010) Appendicular skeletal muscle mass is the strongest independent factor associated with femoral neck bone mineral density in adult and older men. Exp. Gerontol., 45: 679–684. DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2010.04.006.10.1016/j.exger.2010.04.00620433916
]Search in Google Scholar
[
5. Bohannon R.W. (2006) Reference values for the timed up and go test: a descriptive meta-analysis. J. Geriatr. Phys. Ther., 29: 64–68. DOI: 10.1519/00139143-200608000-00004.10.1519/00139143-200608000-0000416914068
]Search in Google Scholar
[
6. Bohannon R.W., Bubela D.J,, Wang Y.C., Magasi S.S., Gershon R.C. (2013) Six-minute Walk Test versus Three-minute Step Test for Measuring Functional Endurance. J. Strength Cond. Res., 29: 3240–3244. DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000000253.10.1519/JSC.0000000000000253400470624077375
]Search in Google Scholar
[
7. Brady A.O., Straight C.R. (2014) Muscle capacity and physical function in older women: What are the impacts of resistance training? J. Sport Health Sci., 3: 179–188. DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2014.04.002.10.1016/j.jshs.2014.04.002
]Search in Google Scholar
[
8. Bueno de Souza R.O., Marcon L. de F., Arruda A.S.F. de, Pontes Junior F.L., Melo R.C. de (2018) Effects of Mat Pilates on Physical Functional Performance of Older Adults: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Am. J. Phys. Med. Rehabil., 97: 414–425. DOI: 10.1097/PHM.0000000000000883.10.1097/PHM.000000000000088329283899
]Search in Google Scholar
[
9. Bullo V., Bergamin M., Gobbo S., Sieverdes J.C., Zaccaria M., Neunhaeuserer D., Ermolao A. (2015) The effects of Pilates exercise training on physical fitness and wellbeing in the elderly: A systematic review for future exercise prescription. Prev. Med., (Baltim) 75: 1–11. DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2015.03.002.10.1016/j.ypmed.2015.03.00225773473
]Search in Google Scholar
[
10. Cadore E.L., Rodriguez-Manas L., Sinclair A., Izquierdo M. (2013) Effects of Different Exercise Interventions on Risk of Falls, Gait Ability, and Balance in Physically Frail Older Adults: A Systematic Review. Rejuvenation Res., 16: 105–114. DOI: 10.1089/rej.2012.1397.10.1089/rej.2012.1397363415523327448
]Search in Google Scholar
[
11. Cancela J.M., de Oliveira I.M., Rodríguez-Fuentes G. (2014) Effects of Pilates method in physical fitness on older adults. A systematic review. Eur. Rev. Aging Phys. Act., 11: 81–94. DOI: 10.1007/s11556-014-0143-210.1007/s11556-014-0143-2
]Search in Google Scholar
[
12. Carvalho M.J., Marques E., Mota J. (2009) Training and Detraining Effects on Functional Fitness after a Multi-component Training in Older Women. Gerontology, 55: 41–48. DOI: 10.1159/000140681.10.1159/00014068118562788
]Search in Google Scholar
[
13. Chodzko-Zajko W.J., Proctor D.N., Fiatarone Singh M.A., Minson C.T., Nigg C.R., Salem G.J., Skinner J.S. (2009) Exercise and Physical Activity for Older Adults. Med. Sci. Sport Exerc., 41: 1510–1530. DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181a0c95c.10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181a0c95c19516148
]Search in Google Scholar
[
14. Costa L.M.R. da, Schulz A., Haas A.N., Loss J. (2016) The Effects of Pilates on the Elderly: An Integrative Review. Rev. Bras. Geriatr. Gerontol., 19: 695–702. DOI: 10.1590/1809-98232016019.150142.10.1590/1809-98232016019.150142
]Search in Google Scholar
[
15. Engers P.B., Rombaldi A.J., Portella E.G., da Silva M.C. (2016) The effects of the Pilates method in the elderly: a systematic review. Rev. Bras. Reumatol., 56: 352–365. DOI: 10.1016/j.rbre.2016.05.005.10.1016/j.rbre.2016.05.00527476629
]Search in Google Scholar
[
16. Fernández Roldán K., Benítez Jiménez A. (2013) Influencia de la práctica del método pilates sobre la sarcopenia. Kronos XII, 12: 51–55.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
17. Fess E., Moran C. (1981) American Society of Hand Therapists Clinical Assessment Recommendations, 1o. American Society of Hand Therapists.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
18. Fourie M., Gildenhuys G.M., Shaw I., Shaw B.S., Toriola A.L., Goon D.T. (2013) Effects of a mat Pilates programme on body composition in elderly women. West Indian Med. J., 62: 524–528. DOI: 10.7727/wimj.2012.107.10.7727/wimj.2012.10724756739
]Search in Google Scholar
[
19. Fried L.P., Ferrucci L., Darer J., Williamson J.D., Anderson G. (2004) Untangling the Concepts of Disability, Frailty, and Comorbidity: Implications for Improved Targeting and Care. J. Gerontol. Ser. A, 59: M255–M263. DOI: 10.1093/gerona/59.3.M255.10.1093/gerona/59.3.M25515031310
]Search in Google Scholar
[
20. Geirsdottir O.G., Arnarson A., Briem K., Ramel A., Tomasson K., Jonsson P.V., Thorsdottir I. (2012) Physical function predicts improvement in quality of life in elderly Icelanders after 12 weeks of resistance exercise. J. Nutr. Health Aging, 16: 62–66. DOI: 10.1007/s12603-011-0076-7.10.1007/s12603-011-0076-722238003
]Search in Google Scholar
[
21. Hernandez M.E., Goldberg A., Alexander N.B. (2010) Decreased Muscle Strength Relates to Self-Reported Stooping, Crouching, or Kneeling Difficulty in Older Adults. Phys. Ther., 90: 67–74. DOI: 10.2522/ptj.20090035.10.2522/ptj.20090035280282319942678
]Search in Google Scholar
[
22. Herting M.M., Nagel B.J. (2013) Differences in Brain Activity during a Verbal Associative Memory Encoding Task in High- and Low-fit Adolescents. J. Cogn. Neurosci., 25: 595–612. DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_00344.10.1162/jocn_a_00344378668123249350
]Search in Google Scholar
[
23. Hopkins K.D., Hopkins B.R., Glass G.V. (1996) Basic statistics for the behavioral sciences. Allyn and Bacon, Boston.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
24. Hrysomallis C. (2011) Balance ability and athletic performance. Sports Med., 41: 221–232. DOI: 10.2165/11538560-000000000-00000.10.2165/11538560-000000000-0000021395364
]Search in Google Scholar
[
25. Innes E. (1999) Handgrip strength testing: A review of the literature. Aust. Occup. Ther. J., 46: 120–140. DOI: 10.1046/j.1440-1630.1999.00182.x.10.1046/j.1440-1630.1999.00182.x
]Search in Google Scholar
[
26. Irez G.B., Ozdemir R.A., Evin R., Irez S.G., Korkusuz F. (2011) Integrating Pilates exercise into an exercise program for 65+ year-old women to reduce falls. J. Sports Sci. Med., 10: 105–111.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
27. Kaesler D., Mellifont R., Swete Kelly P., Taaffe D. (2007) A novel balance exercise program for postural stability in older adults: A pilot study. J. Bodyw. Mov. Ther., 11: 37–43. DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2006.05.003.10.1016/j.jbmt.2006.05.003
]Search in Google Scholar
[
28. Lavin K.M., Perkins R.K., Jemiolo B., Raue U., Trappe S.W., Trappe T.A. (2020) Effects of aging and lifelong aerobic exercise on basal and exercise-induced inflammation. J. Appl. Physiol., 128: 87–99. DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00495.2019.10.1152/japplphysiol.00495.2019698580831751180
]Search in Google Scholar
[
29. Marques E.A., Baptista F., Santos R., Vale S., Santos D.A., Silva A.M., Mota J., Sardinha L.B. (2014) Normative Functional Fitness Standards and Trends of Portuguese Older Adults: Cross-Cultural Comparisons. J. Aging Phys. Act., 22: 126–137. DOI: 10.1123/japa.2012-0203.10.1123/japa.2012-020323538513
]Search in Google Scholar
[
30. Mezzaroba P.V., Prati A.R.C. (2012) Influence of strength training on variables related to elderly autonomy. Acta Sci. Health Sci., 34: 157–162. DOI: 10.4025/actascihealthsci.v34i2.8927.10.4025/actascihealthsci.v34i2.8927
]Search in Google Scholar
[
31. Mokhtari M., Nezakatalhossainib M., Esfarjanic F. (2013) The effect of 12-week pilates exercises on depression and balance associated with falling in the elderly. Procedia – Soc. Behav. Sci., 70: 1714–1723. DOI: 10.1016/j. sbspro.2013.01.246.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
32. Moreno-Segura N., Igual-Camacho C., Ballester-Gil Y., Blasco-Igual M., Blasco J. (2017) The Effects of the Pilates Training Method on Balance and Falls of Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. J. Aging Phys. Act., 26: 327–344. DOI: 10.1123/japa.2017-0078.10.1123/japa.2017-007828771109
]Search in Google Scholar
[
33. National Institutes of Health (1998) Clinical Guidelines on the Identification, Evaluation, and Treatment of Overweight and Obesity in Adults – The Evidence Report. National Institutes of Health. Obes. Res. 6 Suppl 2: 51s–209s
]Search in Google Scholar
[
34. Pallant J. (2011) SPSS Survival Manual: A Step by Step Guide to Data Analysis Using the SPSS Program. Allen & Unwin, Australia.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
35. Paterson D.H., Warburton D.E.R. (2010) Physical activity and functional limitations in older adults: a systematic review related to Canada’s Physical Activity Guidelines. Int. J. Behav. Nutr. Phys. Act., 7. DOI: 10.1186/1479-5868-7-38.10.1186/1479-5868-7-38288289820459782
]Search in Google Scholar
[
36. Podsiadlo D., Richardson S. (1991) The Timed Up and Go – A test of Basic Functional Mobility for frail Elderly Persons. J. Am. Geriatr. Soc., 39: 142–148. DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.1991.tb01616.x.10.1111/j.1532-5415.1991.tb01616.x1991946
]Search in Google Scholar
[
37. Rikli R.E., Jones C.J. (2013) Development and Validation of Criterion-Referenced Clinically Relevant Fitness Standards for Maintaining Physical Independence in Later Years. Gerontologist, 53: 255–267. DOI: 10.1093/geront/gns071.10.1093/geront/gns07122613940
]Search in Google Scholar
[
38. Rocha-Rodrigues S., Silva B., Camões M. Rodrigues L.P., Bezerra P. (2019) Bone mineral density and muscle strength in elderly: a cross-sectional study. In: International Seminar of Physical Education, Leisure and Health. Journal of Human Sport and Exercise, Castelo Branco, pp. S1169–S1823.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
39. Rodrigues B., Cader S., Torres N., Oliveira E.M. de, Dantas E., Siqueira Rodrigues B.G. de, Ali Cader S., Bento Torres N.V.O., Oliveira E.M. de, Martin Dantas E.H. (2010) Pilates method in personal autonomy, static balance and quality of life of elderly females. J. Bodyw. Mov. Ther., 14: 195–202. DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2009.12.005.10.1016/j.jbmt.2009.12.00520226367
]Search in Google Scholar
[
40. Sardinha L.B., Santos D.A., Marques E.A., Mota J. (2015) Criterion-referenced fitness standards for predicting physical independence into later life. Exp. Gerontol., 61: 142–146. DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2014.12.012.10.1016/j.exger.2014.12.01225528601
]Search in Google Scholar
[
41. Silva Y.O., Melo M.O., Gomes L.E., Bonezi A., Loss J.F. (2009) Analysis of the external resistance and electromyographic activity of hip extension performed according to the Pilates method. Rev. Bras. Fisioter., 13: 82–88. DOI: 10.1590/S1413-35552009005000010.10.1590/S1413-35552009005000010
]Search in Google Scholar
[
42. Society A.T., Crapo R., Casaburi R., Coates A., En-right P., MacIntyre N., McKay R., Johnson D., Wanger J., Zwbalos R., Bittner V., Mottram C. (2002) ATS Statement: guidelines for the Six-Minute Walk Test. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., 166: 111–117. DOI: 10.1164/ajrccm.166.1.at1102.10.1164/ajrccm.166.1.at110212091180
]Search in Google Scholar
[
43. Springer B.A., Marin R., Cyhan T., Roberts H., Gill N.W. (2007) Normative Values for the Unipedal Stance Test with Eyes Open and Closed. J. Geriatr. Phys. Ther., 30: 8–15. DOI: 10.1519/00139143-200704000-00003.10.1519/00139143-200704000-0000319839175
]Search in Google Scholar
[
44. Stewart A., Marfell-Jones M., Olds T., De Ridder J. (2011) International Standards for Anthropometric Assessment. International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
45. Sturnieks D.L., George R.St., Lord S.R. (2008) Balance disorders in the elderly. Neurophysiol. Clin., 38: 467–478. DOI: 10.1016/j.neucli.2008.09.001.10.1016/j.neucli.2008.09.00119026966
]Search in Google Scholar
[
46. United Nations (2015) World Population Ageing 2015. Population Division.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
47. Valenzuela P.L., Castillo-García A., Morales J.S., Izquierdo M., Serra-Rexach J.A., Santos-Lozano A., Lucia A. (2019) Physical Exercise in the Oldest Old. Compr. Physiol., 9: 1281–1304. DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c190002.10.1002/cphy.c19000231688965
]Search in Google Scholar
[
48. Vécseyné Kovách M., Kopkáné Plachy J., Bognár J., Olvasztóné Balogh Z., Barthalos I. (2013) Effects of Pilates and aqua fitness training on older adults’ physical functioning and quality of life. Biomed. Hum. Kinet., 5: 22–27. DOI: 10.2478/bhk-2013-0005.10.2478/bhk-2013-0005
]Search in Google Scholar
[
49. Vieira N.D., Testa D., Ruas P.C., Salvini T. de F., Catai A.M., Melo R.C. (2017) The effects of 12 weeks Pilates-inspired exercise training on functional performance in older women: A randomized clinical trial. J. Bodyw. Mov. Ther., 21: 251–258. DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2016.06.010.10.1016/j.jbmt.2016.06.01028532866
]Search in Google Scholar
[
50. Wang Y.C., Bohannon R.W., Magasi S.R., Hrynkiewicz B., Morales A., Gershon R.C., Rymer Z. (2011) Testing of knee extension muscle strength: A comparison of two portable alternatives for the NIH toolbox study. Isokinet. Exerc. Sci., 19: 163–168. DOI: 10.3233/IES-2011-041010.3233/IES-2011-0410
]Search in Google Scholar
[
51. Yu D.-H., Yang H.-X. (2012) The effect of Tai Chi intervention on balance in older males. J. Sport Health Sci., 1: 57–60. DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2012.03.001.10.1016/j.jshs.2012.03.001
]Search in Google Scholar