[
1. American College of Sports Medicine. (2011) Quantity and quality of exercise for developing and maintaining cardiorespiratory, musculoskeletal, and neuromotor fitness in apparently healthy adults: guidance for prescribing exercise. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., 43(7): 1334–1359.]Search in Google Scholar
[
2. Arena R., Myers J., Williams M.A., Gulati M., Kligfield P., Balady G.J., Collins E., Fletcher G. (2007) Assessment of Functional Capacity in Clinical and Research Settings: A Scientific and Prevention of the Council on Clinical Cardiology and the Council on Cardiovascular. Statement From the American Heart Association Committee on Exercise, Rehabilitation, and Prevention of the Council on Clinical Cardiology and the Council on Cardiovascular Nursing. Circulation., 116: 329-343.]Search in Google Scholar
[
3. Ashwell M., Hsieh S.D. (2005) Six reasons why the waist-to-hip ratio is rapid and effective global indicator for health risk of obesity and how its use could simplify the international public health message on obesity. Int. J. Food. Sci. Nutr., 65(3): 287-292.]Search in Google Scholar
[
4. Biela U., Pająk A., Kaczmarczyk-Chałas K., Głuszek J., Tendera M., Waśkiewicz A., et al. (2005) Frequency of occurrence overweight and obesity in women and men in age 20–74. WOBASZ Programme Results. Kardiol. Pol., 63(6; supl. 4): S1–S4.]Search in Google Scholar
[
5. Blair S.N. (2009) Physical inactivity: the biggest public health problem of the 21st century. Br. J. Sports Med., 43(1): 1–2.]Search in Google Scholar
[
6. Cornelissen V.A., Goetschalckx K., Verheyden B., Aubert A.E., Arnout J., Persu A., Rademakers F., Fagard R.H. (2011) Effect of endurance training on blood pressure regulation, biomarkers and the heart in subjects at a higher age. Scand J Med Sci Sports., 21(4): 526-534.10.1111/j.1600-0838.2010.01094.x20459467]Search in Google Scholar
[
7. Daussin F.N., Ponsot E., Stephane C., Dufour S.P., Lonsdorfer-Wolf E., Doutreleau S., et al. (2007) Improvement of VO2 max; by cardiac output and oxygen extraction adaptation during intermittent versus continuous endurance training. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol., DOI 10.1007/s00421-007-0499-3]Search in Google Scholar
[
8. Drygas W. (2008) Physical activity in healthy persons. Polish Forum Prophylaxis of Cardiovascular Diseases. 3(12): 1-8.]Search in Google Scholar
[
9. Ekblom–Bak E., Hellénius M.L., Ekblom O., Engström L.M., Ekblom B. (2010) Independent associations of physical activity and cardiovascular fitness with cardiovascular risk in adults. Eur. J. Cardiovasc. Prev. Rehabil., 17(2): 175-180.10.1097/HJR.0b013e32833254f219809331]Search in Google Scholar
[
10. Ekelund U., Brage S., Franks P.W., Hennings S., Emms S., Wareham N.J. (2005) Physical activity energy expenditure predicts changes in body composition in middle–aged healthy whites: effect modification by age. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 81(5): 964-969.10.1093/ajcn/81.5.96415883416]Search in Google Scholar
[
11. Eurobarometr 2010. Sport and physical activity. http://www.msport.gov.pl/article/1]Search in Google Scholar
[
12. European guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice. (2003) Eur. J. Cardiovasc. Prev. Rehab., 10(suppl. 1): S1–S78]Search in Google Scholar
[
13. Fletcher G.F., Philip A., Kligfield A.P., Arena R., Balady G.J., Vera A., Bittner V.A., et al. (2013) Exercise Standards for Testing and Training A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association, Circulation, 128: 873-934.10.1161/CIR.0b013e31829b5b4423877260]Search in Google Scholar
[
14. Gill J.M. ( 2007) Physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness and insulin resistance: a short update. Curr. Opin. Lipidol., 18(1): 47-52.10.1097/MOL.0b013e328012b8bd17218832]Search in Google Scholar
[
15. Gulsvik A.K., Thelle D.S., Samuelsen S.O., Myrstad M., Mowé M., Wyller T.B. (2012) Aging, physical activity and mortality – a 42-year follow-up study. Int. J. Epidemiol., 41(2): 521-530.10.1093/ije/dyr20522253311]Search in Google Scholar
[
16. Hakola L., Komulainen P., Hassinen M., Savonen K., Litmanen H., Lakka T.A., Rauramaa R. ( 2011) Cardiorespiratory fitness in aging men and women: the DR’s EXTRA study. Scand. J. Med. Sci. Sports, (5): 679-687.10.1111/j.1600-0838.2010.01127.x20536910]Search in Google Scholar
[
17. Haskell W.L., Lee I.M., Pate R.R., Powell K.E., Blair S.N., Franklin B.A., et al. (2007) Physical activity and public health: updated recommendation for adults from the American College of Sports Medicine and the American Heart Association. Med. Sci. Sports. Exerc., 39: 1423-1434.]Search in Google Scholar
[
18. Hawkins S.A., Wiswell R.A. (2003) Rate and mechanism of maximal oxygen consumption decline with aging. Implications for exercise training. Sports Med., 33(12): 877-888.10.2165/00007256-200333120-0000212974656]Search in Google Scholar
[
19. Huxley R., Mendis S., Zheleznyakov E., Reddy S., Chan J. ( 2010) Body mass index, waist circumference and waist: hip ratio as predictors of cardiovascular risk–a review of the literature. Eur. J. Clin Nutr., 64(1): 16-22.10.1038/ejcn.2009.6819654593]Search in Google Scholar
[
20. Islam MM., Takeshima N., Rogers ME., Koizumi D., Brechue WF., Tanak K. (2005) A Comparison of Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Blood Lipid Profile among Inactive People, Walkers and Runners in Elderly Japanese Men. Asian Journal of Exercise and Sports Science (AJESS); http://js.sagamorepub.com/ajess/article/view/2501]Search in Google Scholar
[
21. Kemi O.J., Wisloff U. (2010) High-intensity aerobic exercise training improves the heart in health and disease. J. Cardiopulm. Rehabil. Prev., 30: 2-11.]Search in Google Scholar
[
22. Laursen P.B. (2010) Training for intense exercise performance: high-intensity or high-volume training? Scand. J. Med. Sci. Sports., 20(Suppl. 2): 1-10.10.1111/j.1600-0838.2010.01184.x20840557]Search in Google Scholar
[
23. Manini, T.M., Everhart, J.E., Patel, K.V., Schoeller, D.A., Colbert, L.H., Visser, M., Harris, T.B. (2006) Daily activity energy expenditure and mortality among older adults. Journal of the American Medical Association, 296(2): 171–179.10.1001/jama.296.2.17116835422]Search in Google Scholar
[
24. Mc Ardle W.D., Katch F.I., Katch V.L. (2010) Exercise physiology. Baltimore. Functional capacity of the cardiovascular system. 340-351.]Search in Google Scholar
[
25. Mitchell T., Barlow C.E. (2011). Review of the role of exercise in improving quality of life in healthy individuals and in those with chronic diseases. Current Sports Medicine Reports., 10(4): 211-216.]Search in Google Scholar
[
26. McLaren P.F., Nurhayati Y., Boutcher S.H. (1997) Stroke volume response to cycle ergometry in trained and untreained older men. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol., 75: 537-542.]Search in Google Scholar
[
27. Nybo L., Sundstrup E., Jakobsen M.D., Mohr M., Hornstrup T., Simonsen L., et al.( 2010) High-intensity training versus traditional exercise interventions for promoting health. Med. Sci. Sports. Exerc., 42: 1951-1958.10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181d9920320195181]Search in Google Scholar
[
28. Pikhart H., Bobak M., Malyutina S., Pajak A., Kubinova R., Marmot M. (2007) Obesity and education in three countries of the Central and Eastern Europe: the HAPIEE study. Cent. Eur. J. Public. Health, 15(4): 140-142.10.21101/cejph.a345218251227]Search in Google Scholar
[
29. Ruddy R., Lonsdorfer-Wolf E., Charloux A., Doutreleau S., Buchheit M., Oswald-Mammosser M., et al. (2001) Non-invasive Cardiac Output Evaluation during a Maximal Progressive Exercise Test, Using a New Impedance Cardiograph Device. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol., 85: 202-207.]Search in Google Scholar
[
30. Sassen B., Cornelissen V., Kiers H., Wittink H., Kok G.J., Vanhees L. (2009) Physical fitness matters more than physical activity in controlling cardiovascular disease risk factors. Eur. J. Cardiovasc. Prev. Rehabil., 16(6): 667-683.10.1097/HJR.0b013e3283312e9419734792]Search in Google Scholar
[
31. Seven-Day Physical Activity Recall. (1997) Supplement to Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 29(6): S89–S103.10.1097/00005768-199706001-00018]Search in Google Scholar
[
32. Tordi N., Mourot L.B., Matusheski B., Hughson R.L. (2004) Measurements of Cardiac Output during Constant Exercises: Comparison of Two Non-Invasive Techniques. Int. J. Sports Med., 25: 145-149.]Search in Google Scholar
[
33. Welsman J., Bywater K., Farr C., Welford D., Armstrong N. ( 2005) Reliability of Peak VO2 and Maximal Cardiac Output Assessed using Thoracic Bioimpedance in Children. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol., 94(3): 228-234.10.1007/s00421-004-1300-515827735]Search in Google Scholar
[
34. WHO. (2010) Global recommendations of physical activity for health. http://www.who.int/dietphysicalactivity/global-PA-recs-2010.pdf]Search in Google Scholar
[
35. Woodcock J., Franco O.H., Orsini N., Roberts I. (2011) Non-vigorous physical activity and all-cause mortality: systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. Int. J. Epidemiol., 40: 121-138.
10.1093/ije/dyq10420630992]Search in Google Scholar