Applications of the H-reflex in kinesiology: a systematic review

1. Aagaard P., Simonsen E.B., Andersen J.L., Magnusson P., Dyhre-Poulsen P. (2002) Neural adaptation to resistance training: changes in evoked V-wave and H-reflex responses. J. Appl. Physiol., 92(6): 2309-2318. DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01185.2001 10.1152/japplphysiol.01185.2001

2. Alexander C., Harrison P. (2002) The bilateral reflex control of the trapezius muscle in humans. Experimental Brain Research, 142(3): 418-424. DOI 10.1007/s00221-001-0951-2Search in Google Scholar

3. Alkjaer T., Meyland J., Raffalt P.C., Lundbye-Jensen J., Simonsen E.B. (2013) Neuromuscular adaptations to 4 weeks of intensive drop jump training in well-trained athletes. Physiological Reports, 1(5). DOI: 10.1002/phy2.9910.1002/phy2.99

4. Angulo-Kinzler R.M., Mynark R.G., Koceja,D.M. (1998) Soleus H-reflex gain in elderly and young adults: modulation due to body position. The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 53(2): M120-M125. DOI: 10.1093/gerona/53A.2.M12010.1093/gerona/53A.2.M120

5. Avela J., Kyröläinen H., Komi P.V. (1999) Altered reflex sensitivity after repeated and prolonged passive muscle stretching. J. Appl. Physiol., 86(4): 1283-1291.10.1152/jappl.1999.86.4.1283

6. Brinkworth, Russell Stewart Anglesey, et al. (2007) Standardization of H-reflex analyses. Journal of Neuroscience Methods 162(1): 1-7. DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2006.11.02010.1016/j.jneumeth.2006.11.020

7. Brooke J.D., Misiaszek J.E., Cheng J. (1993) Locomotor-like rotation of either hip or knee inhibits soleus H reflexes in humans. Somatosensory and Motor Research, 10(4): 357-364. DOI: 10.3109/0899022930902884310.3109/08990229309028843

8. Buschbacher R.M., (1999) Normal range for H-reflex recordings from the calf muscles. Am. J. Phys. Med. Rehabil., 78(6 suppl): S75–S79 DOI: 10.1097/00002060-199911001-0001410.1097/00002060-199911001-00014

9. Capaday C. (1997) Neurophysiological methods for studies of the motor system in freely moving human subjects. Journal of Neuroscience Methods, 74(2): 201-218. DOI: 10.1016/S0165-0270(97)02250-410.1016/S0165-0270(97)02250-4

10. Capaday C., Stein R.B. (1986) Amplitude modulation of the soleus H-reflex in the human during walking and standing. The Journal of Neuroscience, 6(5): 1308-1313.10.1523/JNEUROSCI.06-05-01308.1986

11. Capaday C., Stein R.B. (1987) Difference in the amplitude of the human soleus H reflex during walking and running. J. Physiol., 392(1): 513-522.10.1113/jphysiol.1987.sp01679411923183446790

12. Casabona A., Polizzi M.C., Perciavalle V. (1990) Differences in H-reflex between athletes trained for explosive contractions and non-trained subjects. European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology, 61(1-2): 26-32. DOI: 10.1007/BF0023668910.1007/BF00236689

13. Cheng J., Brooke J.D., Misiaszek J.E., Staines W.R. (1995) The relationship between the kinematics of passive movement, the stretch of extensor muscles of the leg and the change induced in the gain of the soleus H- reflex in humans. Brain Research, 672(1): 89-96. DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(94)01321-810.1016/0006-8993(94)01321-8

14. Cleak M.J., Eston R.G. (1992) Delayed onset muscle soreness: mechanisms and management. J. Sports Sci., 10(4): 325-341. DOI: 10.1080/0264041920872993210.1080/026404192087299321518094

15. Crameri R.M., Aagaard P., Qvortrup K., Langberg H., Olesen J., Kjær M. (2007) Myofibre damage in human skeletal muscle: effects of electrical stimulation versus voluntary contraction. J. Physiol., 583(1): 365-380. DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2007.12882710.1113/jphysiol.2007.128827227724517584833

16. Crenshaw A.G., Friden J., Hargens A.R., Lang G.H., Thornell L.E. (1993) Increased technetium uptake is not equivalent to muscle necrosis: scintigraphic, morphological and intramuscular pressure analyses of sore muscles after exercise. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica, 148(2): 187-198. DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.1993.tb09548.x10.1111/j.1748-1716.1993.tb09548.x8352030

17. Ebbeling Cara B., Priscilla M. Clarkson. (1989) Exercise-induced muscle damage and adaptation. Sports Medicine, (7.4): 207-234. DOI: 10.2165/00007256-198907040-0000110.2165/00007256-198907040-000012657962

18. Falco F.J., Hennessey W.J., Goldberg G., Braddom R.L. (1994) H-reflex latency in the healthy elderly. Muscle Nerve, (17): 161–167. DOI:10.1002/mus.88017020510.1002/mus.8801702058114784

19. Fisher M.A. (1992) AAEM Minimonograph# 13: H-reflexes and F-waves: physiology and clinical indications. Muscle and Nerve, 15(11): 1223-1233. DOI: 10.1002/mus.88015110210.1002/mus.8801511021488060

20. Grindstaff T.L., Beazell J.R., Sauer L.D., Magrum E.M., Ingersoll C.D., Hertel J. (2011) Immediate effects of a tibiofibular joint manipulation on lower extremity H-reflex measurements in individuals with chronic ankle instability. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology, 21(4): 652-658. DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2011.03.01110.1016/j.jelekin.2011.03.01121546263

21. Gruber M., Taube W., Gollhofer A., Beck S., Amtage F., Schubert M. (2007) Training-specific adaptations of H-and stretch reflexes in human soleus muscle. J. Motor Behav., 39(1): 68-78. DOI: 10.3200/JMBR.39.1.68-7810.3200/JMBR.39.1.68-7817251172

22. Hayashi R., Tako K., Tokuda T., Yanagisawa N. (1992) Comparison of amplitude of human soleus H-reflex during sitting and standing. Neuroscience Research, 13(3), 227-233. DOI: 10.1016/0168-0102(92)90062-H10.1016/0168-0102(92)90062-H

23. Holtermann A., Roeleveld K., Engstrøm M., Sand T. (2007) Enhanced H-reflex with resistance training is related to increased rate of force development. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol., 101(3): 301-312. DOI: 10.1007/s00421-007-0503-y10.1007/s00421-007-0503-y

24. Hopkins J.T., Palmieri R. (2004) Effects of ankle joint effusion on lower leg function. Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, 14(1): 1-7. DOI: 10.1097/00042752-200401000-0000110.1097/00042752-200401000-00001

25. Hopkins J.T., Ingersoll C.D., Edwards J.E., Cordova M.L. (2000) Changes in soleus motoneuron pool excitability after artificial knee joint effusion. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 81(9): 1199-1203. DOI: 10.1053/apmr.2000.6298 10.1053/apmr.2000.6298

26. Hopkins J.T., Ingersoll C.D., Edwards J., Klootwyk T.E. (2002) Cryotherapy and transcutaneous electric neuromuscular stimulation decrease arthrogenic muscle inhibition of the vastus medialis after knee joint effusion. Journal of Athletic Training, 37(1): 25.Search in Google Scholar

27. Hopkins J.T., Ingersoll C.D., Krause B.A., Edwards J.E., Cordova M.L. (2001) Effect of knee joint effusion on quadriceps and soleus motoneuron pool excitability. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., 33(1): 123-126. DOI: 10.1097/00005768-200101000-0001910.1097/00005768-200101000-00019

28. Howell J.N., Chila A.G., Ford G., David D., Gates, T. (1985) An electromyographic study of elbow motion during postexercise muscle soreness. J. Appl. Physiol., 58(5): 1713-8.10.1152/jappl.1985.58.5.1713

29. Hugon M. (1973) Methodology of the Hoffmann reflex in man. New Developments in Electromyography and Clinical Neurophysiology, (3): 277-293.10.1159/000394143

30. Hultborn H., Pierrot-Deseilligny E. (1979) Changes in recurrent inhibition during voluntary soleus contractions in man studied by an H-reflex technique. J. Physiol., 297(1): 229-251.10.1113/jphysiol.1979.sp013037

31. Hultborn H., Meunier S., Pierrot-Deseilligny E., Shindo M. (1987) Changes in presynaptic inhibition of Ia fibres at the onset of voluntary contraction in man. J. Physiol., 389(1): 757-772.10.1113/jphysiol.1987.sp016681

32. Jones D.A., Newham D.J., Clarkson P.M. (1987) Skeletal muscle stiffness and pain following eccentric exercise of the elbow flexors. Pain, 30(2): 233-242. DOI: 10.1016/0304-3959(87)91079-710.1016/0304-3959(87)91079-7

33. Kai S., Nakabayashi K. (2013) Evoked EMG Makes Measurement of Muscle Tone Possible by Analysis of the H/M Ratio. DOI: 0.5772/55783

34. Kawczyński A., Nie H., Jaskolska A., Jaskolski A., Arendt-Nielsen L., Madeleine P. (2007) Mechanomyography and electromyography during and after fatiguing shoulder eccentric contractions in males and females. Scand. J. Med. Sci. Sports, 17(2): 172-179. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2006.00551.x10.1111/j.1600-0838.2006.00551.x

35. Knikou M., Rymer W.Z. (2002) Effects of changes in hip joint angle on H-reflex excitability in humans. Experimental Brain Research, 143(2): 149-159. DOI: 10.1007/s00221-001-0978-410.1007/s00221-001-0978-4

36. Knikou M. (2008) The H-reflex as a probe: pathways and pitfalls. Journal of Neuroscience Methods, 171(1): 1-12. DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2008.02.01210.1016/j.jneumeth.2008.02.012

37. Koceja D.M., Trimble M.H., Earles D.R. (1993) Inhibition of the soleus H-reflex in standing man. Brain Research, 629(1), 155-158. DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(93)90495-910.1016/0006-8993(93)90495-9

38. Krause B.A., Ingersoll C.D., Edwards J.E., Cordova M.L., Palmieri R.M., Stone M.B. (2003) Ankle ice immersion facilitates the soleus Hoffmann reflex and muscle response [abstract]. J. Athl. Train., (38): S-48.

39. Krause B.A., Ingersoll C.D., Edwards J.E., Cordova M.L., Stone M.B., Palmieri R.M. (2003) Focal temperature changes facilitates the peak-to-peak soleus Hoffmann reflex and muscle response [abstract]. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., (25): S-24.

40. Krause B.A., Hopkins J.T., Ingersoll C.D., Cordova M.L., Edwards J. E. (2000) The relationship of ankle temperature during cooling and rewarming to the human soleus H-reflex. Journal of Sport Rehabilitation, 9(3): 253-262.10.1123/jsr.9.3.253

41. Kujawski S., Gajos A., Gajos M., Chatys Z. (2014) A Review on Neural Factors Correlated with Resistance Training. Indian Journal of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy-An International Journal, 8(3): 227-231. DOI: 10.5958/0973-5674.2014.00386.410.5958/0973-5674.2014.00386.4

42. Kyröläinen H., Avela J., Komi P.V. (2005) Changes in muscle activity with increasing running speed. J. Sports Sci., 23(10): 1101-1109. DOI: 10.1080/0264041040002157510.1080/02640410400021575

43. Kyröläinen H., Avela J., McBride J.M., Koskinen S., Andersen J.L., Sipilä S., Komi P.V. (2005) Effects of power training on muscle structure and neuromuscular performance. Scand. J. Med. Sci. Sports, 15(1), 58-64. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0838. 2004.00390.x

44. Larsen B., Mrachacz-Kersting N., Lavoie B.A., Voigt M. (2006) The amplitude modulation of the quadriceps H-reflex in relation to the knee joint action during walking. Experimental Brain Research, 170(4): 555-566. DOI: 10.1007/s00221-005-0237-110.1007/s00221-005-0237-1

45. Maffiuletti N.A., Martin A., Van Hoecke J., Schieppati M. (2000) The relative contribution to the plantar-flexor torque of the soleus motor units activated by the H reflex and M response in humans. Neuroscience Letters, 288(2): 127-130. DOI: 10.1016/S0304-3940(00)01212-X10.1016/S0304-3940(00)01212-X

46. Manella K.J., Field-Fote E.C. (2013) Modulatory effects of locomotor training on extensor spasticity in individuals with motor-incomplete spinal cord injury. Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience, 31(5): 633-646. DOI: 10.3233/RNN-12025510.3233/RNN-12025523735314

47. McLeod J.G., Wray S.H. (1966) An experimental study of the F wave in the baboon. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 29(3): 196.10.1136/jnnp.29.3.196

48. Misiaszek J.E., Cheng J., Brooke J.D., Staines W.R. (1998) Movement-induced modulation of soleus H reflexes with altered length of biarticular muscles. Brain Research, 795(1): 25-36. DOI: 10.1016/S0006-8993(98)00246-710.1016/S0006-8993(98)00246-7

49. Morin C., Katz R., Mazieres L., Pierrot-Deseilligny E. (1982) Comparison of soleus H reflex facilitation at the onset of soleus contractions produced voluntarily and during the stance phase of human gait. Neuroscience Letters, 33(1): 47-53. DOI: 10.1016/0304-3940(82)90128-810.1016/0304-3940(82)90128-8

50. Murphy B.A., Dawson N.J., Slack J.R. (1995) Sacroiliac joint manipulation decreases the H-reflex. Electromyography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 35(2): 87-94. [abstract]

51. Nie H., Kawczynski A., Madeleine P., Arendt-Nielsen L. (2005) Delayed onset muscle soreness in neck/shoulder muscles. European Journal of Pain, 9(6): 653-653. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpain.2004.12.00910.1016/j.ejpain.2004.12.009

52. Nishikawa T., Grabiner M.D. (1999) Peroneal motoneuron excitability increases immediately following application of a semirigid ankle brace. Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy, 29(3): 168-176. DOI: 10.2519/jospt.1999.29.3.16810.2519/jospt.1999.29.3.168

53. Palmieri R.M., Ingersoll C.D., Hoffman M.A. (2004) The Hoffmann reflex: methodologic considerations and applications for use in sports medicine and athletic training research. Journal of Athletic Training, 39(3), 268.

54. Palmieri R.M., Ingersoll C.D., Edwards J.E., Hoffman M.A., Stone M.B., Babington J.P., Krause B.A. (2003) Arthrogenic muscle inhibition is not present in the limb contralateral to a simulated knee joint effusion. American Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 82(12): 910-916. DOI: 10.1097/01.PHM.0000098045.04883.0210.1097/01.PHM.0000098045.04883.02

55. Palmieri R.M., Ingersoll C.D., Hoffman M.A., Cordova M.L., Porter D.A., Edwards J.E., Stone M.B. (2004) Arthrogenic muscle response to a simulated ankle joint effusion. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 38(1): 26-30. DOI: 10.1136/bjsm.2002.00167710.1136/bjsm.2002.001677

56. Petrik J., Amendola A., Rampersand R., Mabey S., Hayes K.C. (1996)The effects of an isolated ankle effusion on H-reflex amplitude, viscoelasticity, and postural control of the ankle. Paper presented at 22nd Annual Meeting American Orthopedic Society of Sports Medicine; Rosemont, IL.

57. Pierrot-Deseilligny E., Mazevet D. (2000) The monosynaptic reflex: a tool to investigate motor control in humans. Interest and limits. Neurophysiologie Clinique/Clinical Neurophysiology, 30(2): 67-80. DOI: 10.1016/S0987-7053(00)00062-910.1016/S0987-7053(00)00062-9

58. Piirainen J.M., Avela J., Sippola N., Linnamo V. (2010) Age dependency of neuromuscular function and dynamic balance control. Eur. J. Sport Sci., 10(1): 69-79. DOI: 10.1080/1746139090310025410.1080/17461390903100254

59. Piirainen J.M., Linnamo V., Sippola N., Avela J. (2012) Neuromuscular function during drop jumps in young and elderly males. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology, 22(6): 852-858. DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2012.05.00410.1016/j.jelekin.2012.05.00422739580

60. Robertson C.T., Kitano K., Koceja D.M., Riley Z.A. (2012) Temporal depression of the soleus H-reflex during passive stretch. Experimental Brain Research, 219(2): 217-225. DOI: 10.1007/s00221-012-3080-110.1007/s00221-012-3080-1

61. Schieppati M. (1987) The Hoffmann reflex: a means of assessing spinal reflex excitability and its descending control in man. Progress in Neurobiology, 28(4): 345-376. DOI: 10.1016/0301-0082(87)90007-410.1016/0301-0082(87)90007-4

62. Simonsen E.B., Dyhre-Poulsen P. (1999) Amplitude of the human soleus H reflex during walking and running. J. Physiol., 515(3): 929-939. DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7793. 1999.929ab.x

63. Simonsen E.B., Alkjær T., Raffalt P.C. (2012) Reflex response and control of the human soleus and gastrocnemius muscles during walking and running at increasing velocity. Experimental Brain Research, 219(2): 163-174. DOI: 10.1007/s00221-012-3075-y10.1007/s00221-012-3075-y22466409

64. Smith L.L. (1991) Acute inflammation: the underlying mechanism in delayed onset muscle soreness? Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., 23(5): 542-551.10.1249/00005768-199105000-00006

65. Spencer J.D., Hayes K.C., Alexander I.J. (1984) Knee joint effusion and quadriceps reflex inhibition in man. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 65(4): 171-177.

66. Stanley E.F. (1978) Reflexes evoked in human thenar muscles during voluntary activity and their conduction pathways. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 41(11): 1016-1023. DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.41.11.101610.1136/jnnp.41.11.1016493216712369

67. Thomas J.E., Lambert E.H. (1960) Ulnar nerve conduction velocity and H-reflex in infants and children. J. Appl. Physiol., 15(1), 1-9.10.1152/jappl.1960.15.1.113837986

68. Turan E., Ünsal C., Üner A.G. (2013) H-reflex and M-wave studies in the fore-and hindlimbs of rabbit. Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences 37.5.10.3906/vet-1210-27

69. Vangsgaard S., Nørgaard L.T., Flaskager B.K., Søgaard K., Taylor J.L., Madeleine P. (2013) Eccentric exercise inhibits the H reflex in the middle part of the trapezius muscle. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol., 113(1): 77-87. DOI: 10.1007/s00421-012-2412-y10.1007/s00421-012-2412-y22573465

70. Vila-Chã C., Falla D., Correia M.V., Farina D. (2012) Changes in H-reflex and V-wave following short-term endurance and strength training. J. Appl. Physiol., 112(1): 54-63. DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00802.2011 10.1152/japplphysiol.00802.201121998264