Open Access

Compactness is Not Enough: Development and Trends of a Sustainable Urban Concept


Cite

[1] Daunora, Z. J. Tvarumo ir darnos veiksniai planuojant urbanistinę plėtrą. Journal of Architecture and Urbanism, vol. 34, no. 4, 2010, pp. 208‒215. https://doi.org/10.3846/tpa.2010.2010.3846/tpa.2010.20 Search in Google Scholar

[2] A New European Bauhaus. 2020 [online, cited 21.05.2021]. https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/AC_20_1916 Search in Google Scholar

[3] Zagorskas, J. Darnioji urbanistika. Vilnius: Technika, 2013, p. 89. https://doi.org/10.3846/1468-S10.3846/1468-S Search in Google Scholar

[4] Du Pisani, J. A. Sustainable development– historical roots of the concept. Environmental Sciences, vol. 3, no. 2, 2006, pp. 83‒96. https://doi.org/10.1080/1569343060068883110.1080/15693430600688831 Search in Google Scholar

[5] Worster, D. Nature’s Economy: A History of Ecological Ideas. Cambridge University Press, 1994, p. 528. Search in Google Scholar

[6] von Wright, G. H. Progress: Fact and Fiction. The Idea of Progress, 2012, p. 241. Search in Google Scholar

[7] WCED. Our Common Future (The Brundtland Report), vol. 4. 1987, p. 300. Search in Google Scholar

[8] Beatley, T., Manning, K. The Ecology of Place: Planning for Environment, Economy, and Community. Washington, D.C.: Island Press, 1997, p. 278. Search in Google Scholar

[9] Martínez-Alier, J., Pascual, U., Vivien, F. D., Zaccai, E. Sustainable de-growth: Mapping the context, criticisms and future prospects of an emergent paradigm. Ecological Economics, vol. 69, no. 9. 2010, pp. 1741‒1747. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2010.04.01710.1016/j.ecolecon.2010.04.017 Search in Google Scholar

[10] Barkemeyer, R., Holt, D., Preuss, L., Tsang, S. What Happened to the “Development” in Sustainable Development? Business Guidelines Two Decades After Brundtland. Sustainable Development, vol. 22, no. 1, Jan. 2014, pp. 15–32. https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.52110.1002/sd.521 Search in Google Scholar

[11] Caprotti, F. Eco-urbanism and the Eco-city, or, Denying the Right to the City? Antipode, vol. 46, no. 5, Nov. 2014, pp. 1285–1303. https://doi.org/10.1111/anti.1208710.1111/anti.12087 Search in Google Scholar

[12] Krieger, A. Whose urbanism? Architecture, vol. 87, no. 11, 1998, pp. 73‒77. Search in Google Scholar

[13] Jabareen, Y. R. Sustainable urban forms: Their typologies, models, and concepts. Journal of Planning Education and Research, vol. 26, no. 1, 2006, pp. 38–52. https://doi.org/10.1177/0739456X0528511910.1177/0739456X05285119 Search in Google Scholar

[14] Bohl, C. C. New urbanism and the city: Potential applications and implications for distressed inner-city neighborhoods. Housing Policy Debate, vol. 11, no. 4, 2000, pp. 761‒801. https://doi.org/10.1080/10511482.2000.952138710.1080/10511482.2000.9521387 Search in Google Scholar

[15] Leccese, M., McCormick, K., Arendt, R. Charter of the New Urbanism. Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society, vol. 20, no. 4, Aug. 2000, pp. 339–341. https://doi.org/10.1177/02704676000200041710.1177/027046760002000417 Search in Google Scholar

[16] Audirac, I., Shermyen, A. H. An Evaluation of Neotraditional Design’s Social Prescription: Postmodern Placebo or Remedy for Suburban Malaise? Journal of Planning Education and Research, vol. 13, no. 3, 1994, pp. 161‒173. https://doi.org/10.1177/0739456X940130030110.1177/0739456X9401300301 Search in Google Scholar

[17] Boarnet, M., Crane, R. L.A. Story: A reality check for Transit-Based housing. Journal of the American Planning Association, vol. 63, no. 2, 1997, pp. 189‒204. https://doi.org/10.1080/0194436970897591410.1080/01944369708975914 Search in Google Scholar

[18] Pendall, R., Martin, J., Fulton, W. Holding the line: urban containment in the United States. A discussion paper prepared for The Brookings Institution Center on Urban and Metropolitan Policy, 2002, p. 51. Search in Google Scholar

[19] Nelson, A. C., Burby, R. J., Feser, E., Dawkins, C. J., Malizia, E. E., Quercia, R. Urban Containment and Central-City Revitalization. Journal of the American Planning Association, vol. 70, no. 4, Dec. 2004, pp. 411–425. https://doi.org/10.1080/0194436040897639110.1080/01944360408976391 Search in Google Scholar

[20] Wu, Y., Swain, R. E., Jiang, N., Qiao, M., Wang, H., Bai, J., Zhou, X., Sun, X., Xu, J., Xu, M., Hu, C., Xing, Y., Wu, J. Z. Design with nature and eco-city design. Ecosystem Health and Sustainability, vol. 6, no. 1, 2020, pp. 1‒10. https://doi.org/10.1080/20964129.2020.178154910.1080/20964129.2020.1781549 Search in Google Scholar

[21] Robinson, J., Tinker, J. Reconciling Ecological, Economic and Social Imperatives: A New Conceptual Framework. In Schrecker, T. (eds) Surviving Globalism. International Political Economy Series. Palgrave Macmillan, London, 1997, pp. 71‒94. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-25648-8_510.1007/978-1-349-25648-8_5 Search in Google Scholar

[22] Joss, S., Cowley, R., Tomozeiu, D. Towards the ‘ubiquitous eco-city’: An analysis of the internationalisation of eco-city policy and practice. Urban Research and Practice, vol. 6, no. 1, 2013, pp. 54–74. https://doi.org/10.1080/17535069.2012.76221610.1080/17535069.2012.762216 Search in Google Scholar

[23] Jenks, M., Burton, E., Williams, K. (Eds.) The Compact City: A Sustainable Urban Form? Taylor & Francis e-Library, 1996, p. 360. Search in Google Scholar

[24] Blowers, A. (Eds.) Planning for a sustainable environment. Routledge, 1992, p. 254. Search in Google Scholar

[25] Elkin, T. Reviving the city: towards sustainable urban development. Friends of the Earth with Policy Studies Institute, 1991, p. 304. Search in Google Scholar

[26] Camagni, R. Sustainable urban development: Definition and reasons for a research programme. International Journal of Environment and Pollution, vol. 10, no. 1, 1998, pp. 6–26. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJEP.1998.00222810.1504/IJEP.1998.002228 Search in Google Scholar

[27] Breheny, M. J. The contradictions of the compact city: a review. In Sustainable Development and Urban Form, M. J. Breheny, Ed. London: Pion, 1992, p. 292. Search in Google Scholar

[28] Newman, P., Kenworthy, J. R. Sustainable urban form: The big picture. In Achieving Sustainable Urban Form, 2013, pp. 109‒120. Search in Google Scholar

[29] Williams, K. Does intensifying cities make them more sustainable? In Achieving Sustainable Urban Form, 2013, pp. 30‒45. Search in Google Scholar

[30] Burton, E., Jenks, M., Williams, K. (Eds.) Achieving sustainable urban form. Routledge, 2000, p. 402. https://doi.org/10.4324/978020382792510.4324/9780203827925 Search in Google Scholar

[31] Hassan, A. M., Lee, H. The paradox of the sustainable city: definitions and examples. Environment, Development and Sustainability, vol. 17, no. 6, 2015, pp. 1267‒1285. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-014-9604-z10.1007/s10668-014-9604-z Search in Google Scholar

[32] Bibri, S. E., Krogstie, J., Karrholm, M. Compact city planning and development: Emerging practices and strategies for achieving the goals of sustainability. Developments in the Built Environment, vol. 4, 2020, pp. 1‒20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dibe.2020.10002110.1016/j.dibe.2020.100021 Search in Google Scholar

[33] Dumreicher, H., Levine, R. S., Yanarella, E. J., Radmard, T. Generating models of urban sustain ability: Vienna’s Westbahnhof sustainable hill town. In Achieving Sustainable Urban Form, 2013, p. 402. Search in Google Scholar

[34] Moglia, M., Cork, S. J., Boschetti, F., Cook, S., Bohensky, E., Muster, E., Page, D. Urban transformation stories for the 21st century: Insights from strategic conversations. Global Environmental Change, vol. 50, 2018, pp. 222–237. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2018.04.00910.1016/j.gloenvcha.2018.04.009 Search in Google Scholar

[35] Arup. Smart cities: Transforming de 21st century city via the creative use of technology, 2010, p. 24. Search in Google Scholar

[36] Fazey, I., Gamarra, J. G. P., Fischer, J., Reed, M. S., Stringer, L. C., Christie, M. Adaptation strategies for reducing vulnerability to future environmental change. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, vol. 8, no. 8, 2010, pp. 414–422. https://doi.org/10.1890/08021510.1890/080215 Search in Google Scholar

[37] Meinhold, J. L., Malkus, A. J. Adolescent environmental behaviors: Can knowledge, attitudes and self-efficacy make a difference? Environment and Behavior, vol. 37, no. 4, 2005, pp. 511–532. https://doi.org/10.1177/001391650426966510.1177/0013916504269665 Search in Google Scholar

[38] Barr, S. Strategies for sustainability: Citizens and responsible environmental behaviour. Area, vol. 35, no. 3, 2003, pp. 227–240. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-4762.0017210.1111/1475-4762.00172 Search in Google Scholar

[39] Kaplan, S. Human nature and environmentally responsible behaviour. Journal of Social Issues, vol. 56, no. 3, 2000, pp. 491–508. https://doi.org/10.1111/0022-4537.0018010.1111/0022-4537.00180 Search in Google Scholar

[40] Cilliers, E. J., Timmermans, W., van den Goorbergh, F., Slijkhuis, J. S. A. Designing public spaces through the lively planning integrative perspective. Environment, Development and Sustainability, vol. 17, Dec. 2015, pp. 1367–1380. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-014-9610-110.1007/s10668-014-9610-1 Search in Google Scholar

[41] Mishra, P. S., Patnayaka, R. Simulation in Architectural Research. Creative Space, vol. 3, no. 1, 2015, pp. 13–22. https://doi.org/10.15415/cs.2015.3100210.15415/cs.2015.31002 Search in Google Scholar

[42] Locke, E. A. The case for inductive theory building. Journal of Management, vol. 33, no. 6, 2007, pp. 867‒890. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920630730763610.1177/0149206307307636 Search in Google Scholar

[43] Groat, L., Wang, D. Architectural Research Methods. 2nd ed. John Wiley & Sons, 2013, p. 480. https://nexosarquisucr.files.wordpress.com/2016/03/architecturalresearchmethods-groat_wang.pdf Search in Google Scholar

[44] van Vliet, D. R. Development/demonstration: An adaptive strategy. In Achieving Sustainable Urban Form, 2013, p. 402. Search in Google Scholar

[45] Yang, F., Jiang, Z. Urban building energy modelling and urban design for sustainable neighbourhood development-A China perspective. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, vol. 329, 2019, pp. 1‒8. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/329/1/01201610.1088/1755-1315/329/1/012016 Search in Google Scholar

[46] Daae, J., Boks, C. A classification of user research methods for design for sustainable behaviour. Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 106, 2015, pp. 680–689. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.04.05610.1016/j.jclepro.2014.04.056 Search in Google Scholar

[47] Thomson, D. C., Smith, T. F., Keys, N. Adaptation or manipulation? unpacking climate change response strategies. Ecology and Society, vol. 17, no. 3, 2012, pp. 1‒9. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-04953-17032010.5751/ES-04953-170320 Search in Google Scholar

eISSN:
2255-8764
Language:
English
Publication timeframe:
Volume Open
Journal Subjects:
Architecture and Design, Architecture, Urbanism, other