<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<p>This review provides the summarized current knowledge on the degradation and effects on the non-target organisms from soil and aquatic environment of the triazole fungicides approved to be used in most of the European Union also taking into account stereospecific differences. Synthetized data reveal that triazole fungicides are usually persistent in aqueous environment and soil, and manifest moderately acute and chronic toxicity against the organisms living in these environments. Furthermore, the enantiomers of triazole fungicides proved to have distinct distribution and effects on these environments. These data are important for assuring a sustainable agriculture by production and use of single-stereoisomer and/or encouraging a management of agricultural crops with minimum effects on environment.</p>
</abstract>

This review provides the summarized current knowledge on the degradation and effects on the non-target organisms from soil and aquatic environment of the triazole fungicides approved to be used in most of the European Union also taking into account stereospecific differences. Synthetized data reveal that triazole fungicides are usually persistent in aqueous environment and soil, and manifest moderately acute and chronic toxicity against the organisms living in these environments. Furthermore, the enantiomers of triazole fungicides proved to have distinct distribution and effects on these environments. These data are important for assuring a sustainable agriculture by production and use of single-stereoisomer and/or encouraging a management of agricultural crops with minimum effects on environment.

A review of the toxicity of triazole fungicides approved to be used in European Union to the soil and aqueous environment

Department of Biology-Chemistry and Advanced Environmental Research Laboratories

Department of Physical Education and Sport

Ovidius University Annals of Chemistry

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

This review provides the summarized current knowledge on the degradation and effects on the non-target organisms from soil and aquatic environment of the...

A review of the toxicity of triazole fungicides approved to be used in European Union to the soil and aqueous environment

Published Online: Jul 28, 2022

Page range: 113 - 120

Received: Mar 14, 2022

Accepted: Jul 18, 2022

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/auoc-2022-0017

Keywords
degradation, acute and chronic toxicity, fish, crustaceans, aquatic invertebrates, algae, aquatic plants, earthworms, stereoisomers

© 2022 Diana Larisa Roman et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

A review of the toxicity of triazole fungicides approved to be used in European Union to the soil and aqueous environment

Published Online: Jul 28, 2022

Page range: 113 - 120

Received: Mar 14, 2022

Accepted: Jul 18, 2022

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/auoc-2022-0017

Keywordsdegradation, acute and chronic toxicity, fish, crustaceans, aquatic invertebrates, algae, aquatic plants, earthworms, stereoisomers

© 2022 Diana Larisa Roman et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Keywords
degradation, acute and chronic toxicity, fish, crustaceans, aquatic invertebrates, algae, aquatic plants, earthworms, stereoisomers