<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><p>Lead ions mobility from spent metallic Pb bullets is under increasing scrutiny as a potential significant source of soil contamination. This study investigates effect of soil-properties types on Pb(II) mobility from spent corroded and non-corroded bullets and associated environmental risk using water, toxicity characteristic leaching procedure and synthetic precipitation leaching procedure as leaching techniques. From results, loamy soil properties (pH and organic matter-specific) apparently favored high mobility rate of Pb(II) (0.004 - 1.166 % Pb contamination) from spent bullets compared to sandy and clay soil types. Consequently, Pb(II) mobility from corroded bullet (0.035 - 1.166 %) was significant (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.05) compared to non-corroded bullet (0.004 - 0.873 %) due largely to surface area differences. Percentage Pb contamination increased proportionally with bullet retention time in the different soils types. The experiment reported average decomposition rate of 6.9 g Pb/kg within a 28 weeks retention time. Leaching potential of Pb from spent bullet arising from water, toxicity characteristic leaching procedure and synthetic precipitation leaching procedure was quite significant (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.05) in order of over 100 mg/L. Both toxicity characteristic leaching procedure-Pb and synthetic precipitation leaching procedure-Pb exceeded the 5 mg/L and 15 µg/L critical levels suggested by United State Environmental Protection Agency for Pb (II) mobility and hazardous classification. A significant positive correlation existed between corroded and non-corroded Pb (II) levels within each leaching solutions. Continued dissolution of metallic Pb (II) from spent Pb-bullets may be a mechanism for natural attenuation of Pb in soils. An important result of this study is the clear influence of soil properties on Pb mobility.</p></abstract>

Lead ions mobility from spent metallic Pb bullets is under increasing scrutiny as a potential significant source of soil contamination. This study investigates effect of soil-properties types on Pb(II) mobility from spent corroded and non-corroded bullets and associated environmental risk using water, toxicity characteristic leaching procedure and synthetic precipitation leaching procedure as leaching techniques. From results, loamy soil properties (pH and organic matter-specific) apparently favored high mobility rate of Pb(II) (0.004 - 1.166 % Pb contamination) from spent bullets compared to sandy and clay soil types. Consequently, Pb(II) mobility from corroded bullet (0.035 - 1.166 %) was significant (p < 0.05) compared to non-corroded bullet (0.004 - 0.873 %) due largely to surface area differences. Percentage Pb contamination increased proportionally with bullet retention time in the different soils types. The experiment reported average decomposition rate of 6.9 g Pb/kg within a 28 weeks retention time. Leaching potential of Pb from spent bullet arising from water, toxicity characteristic leaching procedure and synthetic precipitation leaching procedure was quite significant (p < 0.05) in order of over 100 mg/L. Both toxicity characteristic leaching procedure-Pb and synthetic precipitation leaching procedure-Pb exceeded the 5 mg/L and 15 µg/L critical levels suggested by United State Environmental Protection Agency for Pb (II) mobility and hazardous classification. A significant positive correlation existed between corroded and non-corroded Pb (II) levels within each leaching solutions. Continued dissolution of metallic Pb (II) from spent Pb-bullets may be a mechanism for natural attenuation of Pb in soils. An important result of this study is the clear influence of soil properties on Pb mobility.

Assessing lead mobility rate from spent corroded and non-corroded bullets fragments on different soil types of tropical ecosystems

Ovidius University Annals of Chemistry

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Lead ions mobility from spent metallic Pb bullets is under increasing scrutiny as a potential significant source of soil contamination. This study investigates...

Assessing lead mobility rate from spent corroded and non-corroded bullets fragments on different soil types of tropical ecosystems

Published Online: Sep 18, 2019

Page range: 81 - 87

Received: Jul 08, 2019

Accepted: Jul 25, 2019

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/auoc-2019-0015

Keywords
mobility rate, lead, percentage contamination, soil, bullet, leaching

© 2019 Effiong Ukorebi Etim, published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Assessing lead mobility rate from spent corroded and non-corroded bullets fragments on different soil types of tropical ecosystems

Published Online: Sep 18, 2019

Page range: 81 - 87

Received: Jul 08, 2019

Accepted: Jul 25, 2019

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/auoc-2019-0015

Keywordsmobility rate, lead, percentage contamination, soil, bullet, leaching

© 2019 Effiong Ukorebi Etim, published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Keywords
mobility rate, lead, percentage contamination, soil, bullet, leaching