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Similarities and Differences in the Earth’s Water Variations Signal Provided by Grace and AMSR-E Observations Using Maximum Covariance Analysis at Various Land Cover Data Backgrounds

Viktor Szabó
Viktor Szabó
 and 
Katarzyna Osińska-Skotak
Katarzyna Osińska-Skotak
   | Jul 18, 2023
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Published Online: Jul 18, 2023
Page range: 63 - 87
Received: Mar 22, 2023
Accepted: Jun 16, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/arsa-2023-0006
Keywords
© 2023 Viktor Szabó et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Figure 1.

Land cover data of forest land (a), oxygen availability to roots (b), total cultivated land (c), and share of build-up land (d) based on Harmonized World Soil Database
Land cover data of forest land (a), oxygen availability to roots (b), total cultivated land (c), and share of build-up land (d) based on Harmonized World Soil Database

Figure 2.

Seasonal patterns of ΔTWS (a), SM from band X (b), and SM from band C (c) grouped by month over time
Seasonal patterns of ΔTWS (a), SM from band X (b), and SM from band C (c) grouped by month over time

Figure 3.

Average SM from AMSR-E and ΔTWS from GRACE grouped by latitude (a) and longitude (b)
Average SM from AMSR-E and ΔTWS from GRACE grouped by latitude (a) and longitude (b)

Figure 4.

GRACE (a,b) and AMSR-E (c,d,e,f) average anomaly (a,c,e) and standard deviation (b,d,f) grouped by latitude over time
GRACE (a,b) and AMSR-E (c,d,e,f) average anomaly (a,c,e) and standard deviation (b,d,f) grouped by latitude over time

Figure 5.

GRACE ΔTWS (a,d,g,j) and AMSR-E band C (b,e,h,k) and band X (c,f,i,l) SM averaged and normalized values grouped by seasons DJF (a,b,c), MAM (g,h,i), JJA (j,k,l) and SON (j,k,l)
GRACE ΔTWS (a,d,g,j) and AMSR-E band C (b,e,h,k) and band X (c,f,i,l) SM averaged and normalized values grouped by seasons DJF (a,b,c), MAM (g,h,i), JJA (j,k,l) and SON (j,k,l)

Figure 6.

Pearson correlation coefficient between SM from band X and C from AMSR-E (a), ΔTWS from GRACE and SM from band C from AMSR-E (b), ΔTWS from GRACE and SM from band X from AMSR-E (c)
Pearson correlation coefficient between SM from band X and C from AMSR-E (a), ΔTWS from GRACE and SM from band C from AMSR-E (b), ΔTWS from GRACE and SM from band X from AMSR-E (c)

Figure 7.

Dominant spatial pattern of water variability presended by decomposition of signal using EOF for ΔTWS from GRACE (a,d,g) and SM from AMSR-E (b,c,e,f,h,j). The first spatial pattern (EOF1) (a,b,c), the second spatial pattern (EOF2) (d,e,f), and the third spatial pattern (EOF3) (g,h,j)
Dominant spatial pattern of water variability presended by decomposition of signal using EOF for ΔTWS from GRACE (a,d,g) and SM from AMSR-E (b,c,e,f,h,j). The first spatial pattern (EOF1) (a,b,c), the second spatial pattern (EOF2) (d,e,f), and the third spatial pattern (EOF3) (g,h,j)

Figure 8.

EOF signal amplitude for ΔTWS form GRACE (a), SM from band X from AMSR-E (b), and SM from band C from AMSR-E (c)
EOF signal amplitude for ΔTWS form GRACE (a), SM from band X from AMSR-E (b), and SM from band C from AMSR-E (c)

Figure 9.

EOF signal phase shift for ΔTWS form GRACE (a), SM from band X from AMSR-E (b), and SM from band C from AMSR-E (c)
EOF signal phase shift for ΔTWS form GRACE (a), SM from band X from AMSR-E (b), and SM from band C from AMSR-E (c)

Figure 10.

Pearson correlation over selected rivers basin between ΔTWS from GRACE and SM from band X from AMSR-E (a) and ΔTWS from GRACE and SM from band C from AMSR-E (b)
Pearson correlation over selected rivers basin between ΔTWS from GRACE and SM from band X from AMSR-E (a) and ΔTWS from GRACE and SM from band C from AMSR-E (b)

Figure 11.

Cross-correlation over selected rivers basin between ΔTWS from GRACE and SM from band X from AMSR-E (a) and ΔTWS from GRACE and SM from band C from AMSR-E (b)
Cross-correlation over selected rivers basin between ΔTWS from GRACE and SM from band X from AMSR-E (a) and ΔTWS from GRACE and SM from band C from AMSR-E (b)

Figure 12.

River basin time series containing ΔTWS and SM (a,c,e,g,i,k,m,o,q,s,u,w), TWSA and SMA (b,d,f,h,j,l,n,p,r,t,v,x) for European (a,b,c,d), North America (e,f,g,h), South America (i,j,k,l), Asian (m,n,o,p), African (q,r,s,t,w,x), and Australian (u,v) rivers
River basin time series containing ΔTWS and SM (a,c,e,g,i,k,m,o,q,s,u,w), TWSA and SMA (b,d,f,h,j,l,n,p,r,t,v,x) for European (a,b,c,d), North America (e,f,g,h), South America (i,j,k,l), Asian (m,n,o,p), African (q,r,s,t,w,x), and Australian (u,v) rivers
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