This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
FDI World Dental Federation. Action Against Illegal Dental Practice; 2021. Accessed April 10, 2023. Available at: https://www.fdiworlddental.org/action-against-illegal-dental-practice.FDI World Dental Federation.;2021.Accessed April 10, 2023.Available at: https://www.fdiworlddental.org/action-against-illegal-dental-practice.Search in Google Scholar
Reddy KV, Bansal V, Singh PK, Bhambal A, Gupta M, Gupta S. Perce ptions regarding treatment by dental quacks and self-rated oral health among the residents of Bhopal city, central India. J Indian Assoc Public Health Dent. 2017;15: 84.ReddyKVBansalVSinghPKBhambalAGuptaMGuptaS.Perceptions regarding treatment by dental quacks and self-rated oral health among the residents of Bhopal city, central India..2017;15:84.Search in Google Scholar
Naidu RS, Gobin I, Newton JT. Perceptions and use of dental quacks (unqualified dental practitioners) and self rated oral health in Trinidad. Int Dent J. 2003; 53: 447–54.NaiduRSGobinINewtonJT.Perceptions and use of dental quacks (unqualified dental practitioners) and self rated oral health in Trinidad..2003;53:447–54.Search in Google Scholar
Benzian H, Jean J, van Palenstein Helderman W. Illegal oral care: more than a legal issue. Int Dent J. 2020; 60:399–406.BenzianHJeanJvan Palenstein HeldermanW.Illegal oral care: more than a legal issue..2020;60:399–406.Search in Google Scholar
Deverick J. Let’s work together to eliminate illegal tooth whitening. BDJ Team. 2020;7(2):18–9.DeverickJ..BDJ Team.2020;7(2):18–9.Search in Google Scholar
Carter A, Stokes S. Availability of ‘do-it-yourself’orthodontics in the United Kingdom. J Orthod. 2022;49:83–8.CarterAStokesS.Availability of ‘do-it-yourself’orthodontics in the United Kingdom..2022;49:83–8.Search in Google Scholar
Olson JC, Shroff B, Carrico C, Boyle J, Lindauer SJ. Comparison of patient factors influencing the selection of an orthodontist, general dentist, or direct-to-consumer aligners. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2020;157(4): 526–32.OlsonJCShroffBCarricoCBoyleJLindauerSJ.Comparison of patient factors influencing the selection of an orthodontist, general dentist, or direct-to-consumer aligners..2020;157(4):526–32.Search in Google Scholar
Park JH. A licensed orthodontist versus do-it-yourself orthod ontics. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2020; 157: 591–2.ParkJH.A licensed orthodontist versus do-it-yourself orthodontics..2020;157:591–2.Search in Google Scholar
American Dental Association. New Dentist Now. ADA files complaint with FTC, FDA against SmileDirect Club; 2019. Accessed April 13, 2023. Available at: https://newdentistblog.ada.org/ada-files-complaint-with-ftc-fda-against-smiledirect-club/.American Dental Association.New Dentist Now.;2019.Accessed April 13, 2023.Available at: https://newdentistblog.ada.org/ada-files-complaint-with-ftc-fda-against-smiledirect-club/.Search in Google Scholar
General Dental Council. GDC statement on ‘direct-to-consumer-orthod ontic treatment. Accessed April 13, 2023 Available at: https://www.gdc-uk.org/standards-guidance/standards-and-guidance/gdc-guidance-for-dental-professionals/direct-to-consumer-orthodontics/gdc-statement-on-direct-to-consumer-orthodontic-treatment.General Dental Council..Accessed April 13, 2023Available at: https://www.gdc-uk.org/standards-guidance/standards-and-guidance/gdc-guidance-for-dental-professionals/direct-to-consumer-orthodontics/gdc-statement-on-direct-to-consumer-orthodontic-treatment.Search in Google Scholar
Nor NAM, Hassan WN, Makhbul MZ, Yusof ZY. Fake braces by quacks in Malaysia: an expert opinion. Ann Dent UM. 2020;27:33–40.NorNAMHassanWNMakhbulMZYusofZY.Fake braces by quacks in Malaysia: an expert opinion..2020;27:33–40.Search in Google Scholar
Samman M, Bahanan L. The perception and usage of fake braces: Twitter content analysis. Open Dentistry J. 2023;17:1–6.SammanMBahananL.The perception and usage of fake braces: Twitter content analysis..2023;17:1–6.Search in Google Scholar
Hakami Z, Chung HS, Moafa S, Nasser H, Sowadi H, Saheb S, et al. Impact of fashion braces on oral health related quality of life: a web-based cross-sectional study. BMC Oral Health. 2020;20:236.HakamiZChungHSMoafaSNasserHSowadiHSahebS.Impact of fashion braces on oral health related quality of lif e: a web-based cross-sectional study..2020;20:236.Search in Google Scholar
Ashworth C. Thai doctors warn about the dangers of fashion braces. Accessed September 12, 2023. Available at: Thai doctors warn about the dangers of fashion braces | Thaiger (https://www.thethaiger.com).AshworthC..Accessed September 12, 2023Thaiger.Available at: Thai doctors warn about the dangers of fashion braces | (https://www.thethaiger.com).Search in Google Scholar
Annual Report 2021, Oral Health Program. 2021:147. Accessed April 13, 2023. Available at: https://hq.moh.gov.my/ohd/images/pdf/annual_rpt/annual_rpt21.pdf. Ministry of Health Malaysia.Annual Report 2021,.2021:147.Accessed April 13, 2023.Available at: https://hq.moh.gov.my/ohd/images/pdf/annual_rpt/annual_rpt21.pdf.Ministry of Health Malaysia.Search in Google Scholar
Tong A, Sainsbury P, Craig J. Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ): a 32-item checklist for interviews and focus groups. Int J Qual Health Care. 2007;19(6):349–57.TongASainsburyPCraigJ.Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ): a 32-item checklist for interviews and focus groups..2007;19(6):349–57.Search in Google Scholar
Masoud AI, Alshams FA. The use of decorative braces in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Orthod Sci. 2020;9:1–6.MasoudAIAlshamsFA.The use of decorative braces in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia..2020;9:1–6.Search in Google Scholar
Happening in Philippines. Dangerous DIY braces. Accessed September 12, 2023. Available at: Dangerous DIY braces (https://www.happeninginphilippines.com).Happening in Philippines..Accessed September 12, 2023.Available at: Dangerous DIY braces (https://www.happeninginphilippines.com).Search in Google Scholar
Dental Act 2018 [Act 804]. Accessed March 2, 2023. Available at: https://lom.agc.gov.my/ilims/upload/portal/akta/outputaktap/aktaBI_20180626_AktaPergigianBI.pdf..Accessed March 2, 2023.Available at: https://lom.agc.gov.my/ilims/upload/portal/akta/outputaktap/aktaBI_20180626_AktaPergigianBI.pdf.Search in Google Scholar
Private Healthcare Facilities and Services Act 1998 [Act 586]. Accessed April 14, 2023. Available at: https://lom.agc.gov.my/..Accessed April 14, 2023.Available at: https://lom.agc.gov.my/.Search in Google Scholar
Petch P. Accessed March 1, 2023. Available at: https://thethaiger.com/news/national/woman-arrested-for-operating-illegal-dental-clinic-from-her-car.PetchP.Accessed March 1, 2023.https://thethaiger.com/news/national/woman-arrested-for-operating-illegal-dental-clinic-from-her-car.Search in Google Scholar
Mohd Nor NA, Ab-Azizi MH, Ramasindarum C, Kamarudin Y. Fake braces: A content analysis of Instagram post by unlicensed providers. JUMMEC. 2023;26:135–42.Mohd NorNAAb-AziziMHRamasindarumCKamarudinY.Fake braces: A content analysis of Instagram post by unlicensed providers..2023;26:135–42.Search in Google Scholar
Mazerolle L, Soole D, Rombouts S. Street-level drug law enforcement: A meta-analytic review. J Exp Criminol. 2006; 2:409–35.MazerolleLSooleDRomboutsS.Street-level drug law enforcement: A meta-analytic review..2006;2:409–35.Search in Google Scholar
Loo SC, Norkhair MI, Hsiung TM, Abd Jabar AH, Talin BA. Evaluation of prosecution against illegal drugs and cosmetics by Pharmacy Enforcement Branch (PEB) in Sarawak Malaysia. Int J Pharm Sci 2020;12:867–8.LooSCNorkhairMIHsiungTMAbd JabarAHTalinBA.Evaluation of prosecution against illegal drugs and cosmetics by Pharmacy Enforcement Branch (PEB) in Sarawak Malaysia.2020;12:867–8.Search in Google Scholar
Sivakumar A. The dark side of orthodontic practice. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2015;147(2):160.SivakumarA.The dark side of orthodontic practice..2015;147(2):160.Search in Google Scholar
Kamarudin Y, Zakaria NN, Xinhui VO. Orthodontics on sale: Fixed appliances on E-commerce platforms. Aust Orthod J. 2022;38:22–8.KamarudinYZakariaNNXinhuiVO.Orthodontics on sale: Fixed appliances on E-commerce platforms..2022;38:22–8.Search in Google Scholar
Busch C. When Product Liability Meets the Platform Economy: A European Perspective on Oberdorf v. Amazon (October 7, 2019). 8 Journal of European Consumer and Market Law 173-174 (2019). Accessed April 10, 2023. Available at: SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3465632.BuschC.When Product Liability Meets the Platform Economy: A European Perspective on Oberdorf v. Amazon(October7,2019)..Accessed April 10, 2023.Available at: SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3465632.Search in Google Scholar
Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission. Social Regulation. Accessed April 11, 2023. Available at: https://www.mcmc.gov.my/en/sectors/broadcasting/social-regulation.Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission..Accessed April 11, 2023.Available at: https://www.mcmc.gov.my/en/sectors/broadcasting/social-regulation.Search in Google Scholar
Stephen K. The Social Responsibility of Social Media Platforms; 2021: Accessed April 13, 2023. Available at: https://scholarship.law.upenn.edu/regreview-synopsis/52.StephenK.;2021:Accessed April 13, 2023.Available at: https://scholarship.law.upenn.edu/regreview-synopsis/52.Search in Google Scholar
Cyber Risk GmbH. The Digital Services Act 2022. Accessed April 1, 2023. Available at: https://www.eu-digital-services-act.com/.Cyber Risk GmbH..Accessed April 1, 2023.Available at: https://www.eu-digital-services-act.com/.Search in Google Scholar
Chandra S, Bhattacharya S. Unqualified medical practitioners their illegal but indispensable role in primary healthcare. Econ Polit Wkly. 2019;54:36–44.ChandraSBhattacharyaS.Unqualified medical practitioners their illegal but indispensable role in primary healthcare..2019;54:36–44.Search in Google Scholar
Binalrimal S. The effect of social media on the perception and demand of aesthetic dentistry. J Adv Med Dent Scie Res. 2019;7:63–7.BinalrimalS.The effect of social media on the perception and demand of aesthetic dentistry..2019;7:63–7.Search in Google Scholar
Holden ACL, Adam L, Thomson WM. Dentists’ perspectives on commercial practices in private dentistry. JDR Clin Trans Res. 2022;7:29–40.HoldenACLAdamLThomsonWM.Dentists’ perspectives on commercial practices in private dentistry..2022;7:29–40.Search in Google Scholar
Rani H, Arjunaidy B, Roslan NA, Wan Muhamad WNSA, Yahya, NA. A descriptive summary of unlicensed dental practice. Malaysian J Public Health Med 2020;20:252–60.RaniHArjunaidyBRoslanNAWan MuhamadWNSAYahyaNA.A descriptive summary of unlicensed dental practice.2020;20:252–60.Search in Google Scholar