<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

Few previous cephalometric studies have used dry skulls in order to eliminate the effects of the facial soft tissues. The aim of this study were to quantify the intra-examiner reproducibility of the commonly used cephalometric landmarks, angles and distances, using dry skulls and to compare these errors with previous error data obtained from normal cephalograms of living patients.
Thirty skulls were mounted in a purpose designed holder and repeat cephalograms of each skull were recorded and digitised. All measurements were made relative to an X-Y coordinate reference grid. Scattergrams were produced to show the characteristic distribution of the intra-examiner reproducibility errors for the landmarks, and the reproducibility of the angles and distances were tabulated. This data was compared with a related study that included the soft tissue profile.
The standard deviations of the skeletal and dental angles and distances were greater in the presence of the soft tissues. These differences were up to four times larger for measurements including the location of Nasion (e.g. SNA, SNB and SNPg), which was the landmark location most affected by the presence of soft tissues, and for the distance: lncisal tip of Lower lncisor to Pogonion. Anterior Nasal Spine, in the horizontal piane, was also greatly affected by the presence of the soft tissues.
By using dry skulls, the errors observed in this study may serve as standards for the rational interpretation of clinical cephalometric values.
</abstract>

Few previous cephalometric studies have used dry skulls in order to eliminate the effects of the facial soft tissues. The aim of this study were to quantify the intra-examiner reproducibility of the commonly used cephalometric landmarks, angles and distances, using dry skulls and to compare these errors with previous error data obtained from normal cephalograms of living patients.
Thirty skulls were mounted in a purpose designed holder and repeat cephalograms of each skull were recorded and digitised. All measurements were made relative to an X-Y coordinate reference grid. Scattergrams were produced to show the characteristic distribution of the intra-examiner reproducibility errors for the landmarks, and the reproducibility of the angles and distances were tabulated. This data was compared with a related study that included the soft tissue profile.
The standard deviations of the skeletal and dental angles and distances were greater in the presence of the soft tissues. These differences were up to four times larger for measurements including the location of Nasion (e.g. SNA, SNB and SNPg), which was the landmark location most affected by the presence of soft tissues, and for the distance: lncisal tip of Lower lncisor to Pogonion. Anterior Nasal Spine, in the horizontal piane, was also greatly affected by the presence of the soft tissues.
By using dry skulls, the errors observed in this study may serve as standards for the rational interpretation of clinical cephalometric values.

The reproducibility of cephalometric landmarks: an experimental study on skulls

Australasian Orthodontic Journal

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

{"article-title":"The reproducibility of cephalometric landmarks: an experimental study on skulls"}

Few previous cephalometric studies have used dry skulls in order to eliminate the effects of the facial soft tissues. The aim of this study were to quantify...

The reproducibility of cephalometric landmarks: an experimental study on skulls

Published Online: Jan 13, 2024

Page range: 177 - 185

Received: Apr 01, 1996

Accepted: Jun 01, 1998

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/aoj-1998-0012

Keywords
Cephalometrics, Craniometry, Reproducibility, Method errors, Soft tissues

© 1998 Urban Hagg et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

The reproducibility of cephalometric landmarks: an experimental study on skulls

Published Online: Jan 13, 2024

Page range: 177 - 185

Received: Apr 01, 1996

Accepted: Jun 01, 1998

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/aoj-1998-0012

KeywordsCephalometrics, Craniometry, Reproducibility, Method errors, Soft tissues

© 1998 Urban Hagg et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Keywords
Cephalometrics, Craniometry, Reproducibility, Method errors, Soft tissues