Functional appliances: Which one, When? Part 1 — Rationale for selection

One current question is whether functional appliance therapy is capable of producing clinically significant changes in the human dento-facial complex under realistic treatment conditions. Another question is whether the different designs of functional appliances have differing modes of action, and, if so, how does the clinician select the one most appropriate for the requirements of the case in hand, and when?

Current knowledge of the responses elicited by functional appliances is reviewed.

Descriptions of the “ideal” patient for each appliance is given, along with indications and contraindications. Specific associations are emphasized, such as vertical control and Teuschers, decrowding and Fränkels, Herbst and breakage prevention, retention and Bionators. Case reports are also presented to help the selection process.