[
Abd El-Hady A.M., Elghalid O.A., Elnaggar A.S., Abd El-khalek E. (2022). Growth performance and physiological status evaluation of Spirulina platensis algae supplementation in broiler chicken diet. Livest. Sci., 263: 105009.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Alexander D.J. (2000). Newcastle disease and other avian paramyxoviruses. Revue Scientifique et Technique-Office International des Epizooties, 19: 443–455.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Almamury A., Hassanabadi A., Zerehdaran S., Nassiri-Moghaddam H. (2022). Supplementing a herbal product (NBS Superfood) in broiler diets varying in energy and protein levels: Effects on growth performance, intestinal morphology, immune response and blood metabolites. Poult. Sci. J., 10: 59–70.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Ammar, M.K., Hanafi, R.S., Choucry, M.A., Handoussa, H. (2023). Structural, functional, nutritional composition and analytical profiling of Triticum aestivum L. Appl. Biol. Chem., 66: 1–16.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
AOAC (1990). Official method of analysis. 15th Edition, Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington, DC, USA.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Baraka A.M., Korish A.A., Soliman G.A., Kamal H. (2011). The possible role of estrogen and selective estrogen receptor modulators in a rat model of Parkinson’s disease. Life Sci., 88: 879–885.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Bordoloi J., Ozah D., Bora T., Kalita J., Manna P. (2019). Gamma-glutamyl carboxylated Gas6 mediates the beneficial effect of vitamin K on lowering hyperlipidemia via regulating the AMPK/SREBP1/PPARα signaling cascade of lipid metabolism. J. Nutr. Biochem., 70: 174–184.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Brandolini A., Hidalgo A. (2012). Wheat germ: not only a by-product. Inter. J. Food Sci. Nutr., 63(Sup1): 71–74.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Chiang G., Lu W.Q., Piao X.S., Hu J.K., Gong L.M., Thacker P.A. (2010). Effects of feeding solid-state fermented rapeseed meal on performance, nutrient digestibility, intestinal ecology, and intestinal morphology of broiler chickens. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci., 23: 263–271.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Debi M.R., Wichert B.A., Liesegang A. (2019). Method development to reduce the fiber content of wheat bran and rice bran through anaerobic fermentation with rumen liquor for use in poultry feed. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci., 32: 395–404.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Ellakany H., El-Sayed A.E.H., Soliman F., Elbestawy A. (2017). The Effect of fermented wheat germ extract on biochemical, physiological and performance parameters of broiler chickens. Alex. J. Vet. Sci., 55: 91–97.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Eljarah A., Ismail Z.B. (2023). Hematology and serum biochemistry variables in apparently normal Arabian Oryx (Oryx leucoryx). Vet. World, 16: 1369–1372.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Elmasry M., Elgremi S.M., Belal E., Elmostafa K.E., Eid Y. (2017). Assessment of the performance of chicks fed with wheat bran solid fermented by Trichoderma longibrachiatum (SF1). J. Sustain. Agric. Sci., 43: 115–126.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
El-Saadany A.S., El-Barbary A.M., Shreif E.Y., Elkomy A., Khalifah A.M., El-Sabrout K. (2022). Pumpkin and garden cress seed oils as feed additives to improve the physiological and productive traits of laying hens. Italian J. Anim. Sci., 21: 1047–1057.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
El-Sabrout K., Aggag S., Mishra B. (2022). Advanced practical strategies to enhance table egg production. Scientifica, 2022: 1393392.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
El-Sabrout K., Khalifah A., Mishra B. (2023a). Application of botanical products as nutraceutical feed additives for improving poultry health and production. Vet. World, 16: 369–379.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
El-Sabrout K., Dantas M.R.T., Souza-Junior J.B.F. (2023b) Herbal and bee products as nutraceuticals for improving poultry health and production. World’s Poult. Sci. J., 79: 223–242.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Emam K.K., Abdel Fattah M.E., El Rayes S.M., Hebishy M.A., Dessouki A.A. (2022). Assessment of wheat germ oil role in the prevention of induced breast cancer in rats. ACS Omega, 7: 13942–13952.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Fardet A. (2010). New hypotheses for the health-protective mechanisms of whole-grain cereals: what is beyond fibre? Nutr. Res. Rev., 23: 65–134.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Feldman B.F., Zinkl J.G., Jain N.C. (2000). Schalm’s Veterinary Hematology, 5 ed., Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia, USA.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Goluch Z., Okruszek A., Sierżant K., Wierzbicka-Rucińska A. (2023a). The influence of wheat germ expeller on performance and selected parameters of carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism in blood serum for broilers. Agriculture, 13: 753.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Goluch Z., Słupczyńska M., Okruszek A., Haraf G., Wereńska M., Wołoszyn J. (2023b). The energy and nutritional value of meat of broiler chickens fed with various addition of wheat germ expeller. Animals, 13: 499.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Gupta R.K., Gangoliya S.S., Singh, N.K. (2015). Reduction of phytic acid and enhancement of bioavailable micronutrients in food grains. J. Food Sci. Technol., 52: 676–684.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Jan S., Kumar K., Yadav A.N., Ahmed N., Thakur P., Chauhan D., Rizvi Q.H., Dhaliwal H.S. (2022). Effect of diverse fermentation treatments on nutritional composition, bioactive components, and anti-nutritional factors of finger millet (Eleusine coracana L.). J. App. Biol. Biotech., 10 (Suppl 1): 46–52.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Karancsi Z., Móritz A.V., Lewin N., Veres A.M., Jerzsele Á., Farkas O. (2020). Beneficial effect of a fermented wheat germ extract in intestinal epithelial cells in case of Lipopolysaccharide-Evoked inflammation. Oxid. Med. Cell Longev., 2020: 1482482.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Katina K., Juvonen R., Laitila A., Flander L., Nordlund E., Kariluoto S., Piironen V., Poutanen K. (2012). Fermented wheat bran as a functional ingredient in baking. Cereal Chem., 89: 126–134.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Kawahara E., Ueda T., Nomura S. (1991). In vitro phagocytic activity of white-spotted char blood cells after injection with Aeromonas salmonicida extracellular products. Fish Pathol., 26: 213–214.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Khosroshahi E.D., Razavi S.H. (2023). Wheat germ valorization by fermentation: A novel insight into the stabilization, nutritional/functional values and therapeutic potentials with emphasis on anti-cancer effects. Trends Food Sci. Technol., 131: 175–189.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Larsson A., Campbell A., Eriksson M.B. (2022). Chicken antibodies are highly suitable for particle enhanced turbidimetric assays. Front. Immunol., 13: 1016781.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Mackei M., Vörösházi J., Sebők C., Neogrády Z., Mátis G., Jerzsele, Á. (2020). Fermented wheat germ extract as a redox modulator: Alleviating endotoxin-triggered oxidative stress in primary cultured rat hepatocytes. Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev, 2020: 3181202.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Mohammed A.A.A., Jassim J.M., Hammod A.J. (2016). Effect of replaced fermented wheat partial or complete instead of corn on productive and economic performance of broiler chicks. Kufa J. Agric. Sci., 8: 193–216.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Morgan, N. Bhuiyan M.M., Hopcroftz R. (2022). Non-starch polysaccharide degradation in the gastrointestinal tract of broiler chickens fed commercial-type diets supplemented with either a single dose of xylanase, a double dose of xylanase, or a cocktail of non-starch polysaccharide degrading enzymes. Poult. Sci., 101: 101846.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Nagy G., Könyves L., Jurkovich V., Kovács P., Kósa E., Brydl E. (2011). Effect of fermented wheat germ extract (FWGE) on shedding Salmonella infantis and immunreactions of broilers. In: XVth International Congress of the International Society for Animal Hygiene, J. Köfer, H. Schobesberger (eds.). Vienna, Austria, pp. 711–713.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Nasr M.A.F., Alkhedaide A.Q., Ramadan A.A.I., Hafez A.S.E. (2021). Potential impact of stocking density on growth, carcass traits, indicators of biochemical and oxidative stress and meat quality of different broiler breeds. Poultry Sci., 100: 101442.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Nkhata S.G., Ayua E., Kamau E.H., Shingiro J.B. (2018). Fermentation and germination improve nutritional value of cereals and legumes through activation of endogenous enzymes. Food Sci. Nutr., 6: 2446–2458.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
NRC – National Research Council (1994). Nutrient requirements of poultry. 9th Ed. Washington: National Academy Press, USA.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Patel S. (2014). Fermented wheat germ extract: a dietary supplement with anticancer efficacy. Nutr. Ther. Met., 32: 61–67.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Pejin D., Mojović L.J., Vučurović V., Pejin J., Denčić S., Rakin M. (2009). Fermentation of wheat and triticale hydrolysates: A comparative study. Fuel, 88: 1625–1628.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Pomothy J.M., Pászti-Gere E., Barna R.F., Prokoly D., Jerzsele Á. (2020). The impact of fermented wheat germ extract on porcine epithelial cell line exposed to Deoxynivalenol and T-2 Mycotoxins. Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev., 2020: 3854247.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Rafai P., Papp Z., Jakab L., Tuboly T., Jurkovich V., Brydl E., Ózsvári L., Kósa E. (2011). The effect of fermented wheat germ extract on production parameters and immune status of growing pigs. J. Anim. Feed Sci., 20: 36–46.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Ramadhan O., Ian F.P. (2012). The biological significance of vitamin A in humans: A review of nutritional aspects and clinical considerations. Sci. Jet, 1: 1–13.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Revsianto, F. (2016). The Effect of cage size and different level of protein on total erythrocyte, hemoglobin and hematocrit level of starter female Kemang duck. Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Andalas, Padang. Undergraduate Thesis in Livestock Department.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Salim R., Nehvi I.B., Mir R.A., Tyagi A., Ali S., Bhat O.M. (2023). A review on anti-nutritional factors: unraveling the natural gateways to human health. Front. Nut., 10: 1215873.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Sauerwein H., Smitz S., Hiss S. (2007). Effect of dietary application of a yeast cell wall extract on innate and acquired immunity, on oxidative status and growth performance in weanling piglets and on the ileal epithelium in fattened pigs. J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr., 91: 369–380.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Skrede G., Herstad O., Sahlstrøm S., Holck A., Slinde E., Skrede A. (2003). Effects of lactic acid fermentation on wheat and barley carbohydrate composition and production performance in the chicken. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 105: 135–148.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Stipkovits L., Lapis K., Hidvégi M., Kósa E., Glávits R., Resetár A. (2004). Testing the efficacy of fermented wheat germ extract against Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection of chickens. Poultry Sci., 83: 1844–1848.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Sufiriyanto S., Iriyanti N., Susanti E. (2019). Hematology profiles and performance of broiler chickens fed on commercial feed. Anim. Prod., 20: 183–190.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Sugiharto S., Ranjitkar S. (2019). Recent advances in fermented feeds towards improved broiler chicken performance, gastrointestinal tract microecology and immune responses: A review. Anim. Nutr., 5: 1–10.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Yasar S., Gök M.S., Gürbüz Y. (2016). Performance of broilers fed raw or fermented and redried wheat, barley, and oat grains. Turkish J. Vet. Anim. Sci., 40: 313–322.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Zengin M., Sur A., İlhan Z., Azman M.A., Tavşanlı H., Esen S., Bacaksız O.K., Demir E. (2022). Effects of fermented distillers grains with solubles, partially replaced with soybean meal, on performance, blood parameters, meat quality, intestinal flora, and immune response in broiler. Res. Vet. Sci., 150: 58–64.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Zhang A.R., Wei M., Yan L., Zhou G.L., Li Y., Wang H.M., Yang Y.Y., Yin W., Guo J.Q., Cai X.H., Li J.X., Zhou H., Liang Y.X. (2022). Effects of feeding solid-state fermented wheat bran on growth performance and nutrient digestibility in broiler chickens. Poultry Sci., 101: 101402.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Zhu K.X., Zhou H.M., Qian H.F. (2006). Proteins extracted from defatted wheat germ: nutritional and structural properties. Cereal Chemistry, 83: 69–75.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Zou Q., Meng W., Li C., Wang T., Li D. (2023). Feeding broilers with wheat germ, hops and grape seed extract mixture improves growth performance. Front. Physiol., 14: 1144997.
]Search in Google Scholar
