<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<p>The combined effects of <italic>Spirulina platensis</italic> (SP) and <italic>Pediococcus acidilactici</italic> (PA) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, antioxidative status, and immune genes in zebrafish were investigated in the present study. Four experimental diets were designed: control and three test diets mixed with SP at 2.5%, PA at 10<sup>7</sup> CFU/g, or a combination of 2.5% SP and 107 CFU/g PA. After 56 days, fish treated with PA and SP mixture had higher final weight, weight gain, SGR, and lower FCR than fish fed the control and SP diets (P&lt;0.05). The results also illustrated that fish fed PA, SP, and their mixture had higher (P&lt;0.05) protease and amylase activities than the control. The lipase activity was significantly higher in fish treated with PA or the mixture of PA and SP than in the control (P&lt;0.05). The alternative complement pathway (ACH50) and lysozyme activity in the mucus samples of fish treated with PA or both PA and SP were significantly higher (P&lt;0.05) than in fish treated with the control and SP diets. The total immunoglobulin level in the skin mucus was significantly higher (P&lt;0.05) in fish fed PA than in control. In the body homogenates samples, the lysozyme activity and immunoglobulin levels were markedly higher (P&lt;0.05) in fish treated with the mixture of PA and SP than in the control. The dietary PA and SP diet mixture improved the glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and total antioxidative capacity. The expression of IL-1β and IL-8 genes in fish treated with PA or the mixture of PA and SP was significantly higher (P&lt;0.05) than in fish treated with the control or SP diets. Fish treated with PA, SP, or both PA and SP had marked (P&lt;0.05) upregulation of the lysozyme gene expression. In conclusion, the mixture of <italic>S. platensis</italic> and <italic>P. acidilactici</italic> is more effective than using each individually for improving the growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, and the immune and antioxidative capacity of zebrafish.</p>
</abstract>

The combined effects of Spirulina platensis (SP) and Pediococcus acidilactici (PA) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, antioxidative status, and immune genes in zebrafish were investigated in the present study. Four experimental diets were designed: control and three test diets mixed with SP at 2.5%, PA at 107 CFU/g, or a combination of 2.5% SP and 107 CFU/g PA. After 56 days, fish treated with PA and SP mixture had higher final weight, weight gain, SGR, and lower FCR than fish fed the control and SP diets (P<0.05). The results also illustrated that fish fed PA, SP, and their mixture had higher (P<0.05) protease and amylase activities than the control. The lipase activity was significantly higher in fish treated with PA or the mixture of PA and SP than in the control (P<0.05). The alternative complement pathway (ACH50) and lysozyme activity in the mucus samples of fish treated with PA or both PA and SP were significantly higher (P<0.05) than in fish treated with the control and SP diets. The total immunoglobulin level in the skin mucus was significantly higher (P<0.05) in fish fed PA than in control. In the body homogenates samples, the lysozyme activity and immunoglobulin levels were markedly higher (P<0.05) in fish treated with the mixture of PA and SP than in the control. The dietary PA and SP diet mixture improved the glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and total antioxidative capacity. The expression of IL-1β and IL-8 genes in fish treated with PA or the mixture of PA and SP was significantly higher (P<0.05) than in fish treated with the control or SP diets. Fish treated with PA, SP, or both PA and SP had marked (P<0.05) upregulation of the lysozyme gene expression. In conclusion, the mixture of S. platensis and P. acidilactici is more effective than using each individually for improving the growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, and the immune and antioxidative capacity of zebrafish.

Combined Effects of <italic>Spirulina platensis</italic> and <italic>Pediococcus acidilactici</italic> on the Growth Performance, Digestive Enzyme Activity, Antioxidative Status, and Immune Genes in Zebrafish

Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Biological Science

Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources

Department of Food Hygiene and Aquatic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine

Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center

Annals of Animal Science

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Combined Effects of  and  on the Growth Performance, Digestive Enzyme Activity, Antioxidative Status, and Immune Genes in Zebrafish

The combined effects of Spirulina platensis (SP) and Pediococcus acidilactici (PA) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, antioxidative status, and...

Combined Effects of Spirulina platensis and Pediococcus acidilactici on the Growth Performance, Digestive Enzyme Activity, Antioxidative Status, and Immune Genes in Zebrafish

Published Online: Nov 13, 2023

Page range: 1159 - 1167

Received: Oct 27, 2022

Accepted: Jan 31, 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/aoas-2023-0019

Keywords
aquaculture, antioxidative capacity, immunity, medicinal plants, probiotics

© 2023 Mehdi Ahmadifar et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Combined Effects of Spirulina platensis and Pediococcus acidilactici on the Growth Performance, Digestive Enzyme Activity, Antioxidative Status, and Immune Genes in Zebrafish

Published Online: Nov 13, 2023

Page range: 1159 - 1167

Received: Oct 27, 2022

Accepted: Jan 31, 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/aoas-2023-0019

Keywordsaquaculture, antioxidative capacity, immunity, medicinal plants, probiotics

© 2023 Mehdi Ahmadifar et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Keywords
aquaculture, antioxidative capacity, immunity, medicinal plants, probiotics