<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<p>Exosomes (EXOs) are naturally occurring nano-sized vesicles released into the extracellular environment by exocytosis. EXOs contribute to intercellular communications by regulating DNA, mRNA, and protein levels. EXOs are considered good vehicles for delivering therapeutic agents in multiple diseases. Camel milk (CM) is a valuable food with a rich source of EXOs. Camel milk exosomes (CMEXOs) have unique ingredients compared to other animal milks. It is reported that CMEXOs reduce the growth of cancer cells by inducing apoptosis, and inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation. CMEXOs can block stress signaling pathways including inflammation and apoptosis which could be resulted in adverse effects if medication levels exceed the therapeutic range. Moreover, CMEXOs improve the antioxidant capability in both <italic>in vitro</italic> and <italic>in vivo</italic> experiments. On the other hand, the anti-angiogenesis property of CMEXOs has been reported via decrease in expression of the angiogenesis-related gene of vascular endothelial growth factor (<italic>VEGF</italic>). It is predicted that exosomal lactoferrin (LF) and kappa casein (KC) mRNAs are crucial parts of CMEXOs mediating their anticancer effects. The immunomodulatory effect of CMEXOs may be attributed to their high contents of LF and KC. According to previous works, CMEXOs are promising alternatives in developing new therapeutic models for multipile diseases. This review aims to provide an overview of the isolation, characterization and biological activities of the exosomes derived from camel milk for addressing their possible use in therapeutics.</p>
</abstract>

Exosomes (EXOs) are naturally occurring nano-sized vesicles released into the extracellular environment by exocytosis. EXOs contribute to intercellular communications by regulating DNA, mRNA, and protein levels. EXOs are considered good vehicles for delivering therapeutic agents in multiple diseases. Camel milk (CM) is a valuable food with a rich source of EXOs. Camel milk exosomes (CMEXOs) have unique ingredients compared to other animal milks. It is reported that CMEXOs reduce the growth of cancer cells by inducing apoptosis, and inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation. CMEXOs can block stress signaling pathways including inflammation and apoptosis which could be resulted in adverse effects if medication levels exceed the therapeutic range. Moreover, CMEXOs improve the antioxidant capability in both in vitro and in vivo experiments. On the other hand, the anti-angiogenesis property of CMEXOs has been reported via decrease in expression of the angiogenesis-related gene of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). It is predicted that exosomal lactoferrin (LF) and kappa casein (KC) mRNAs are crucial parts of CMEXOs mediating their anticancer effects. The immunomodulatory effect of CMEXOs may be attributed to their high contents of LF and KC. According to previous works, CMEXOs are promising alternatives in developing new therapeutic models for multipile diseases. This review aims to provide an overview of the isolation, characterization and biological activities of the exosomes derived from camel milk for addressing their possible use in therapeutics.

The potential therapeutic role of camel milk exosomes – A review

Biology Department, College of Science and Humanities

Biology Department, College of Science and Humanities-Al Quwaiiyah

Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture

Dairy Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture

Department of Food Science, College of Food and Agriculture

Annals of Animal Science

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

{"article-title":"The potential therapeutic role of camel milk exosomes \u2013 A review"}

Exosomes (EXOs) are naturally occurring nano-sized vesicles released into the extracellular environment by exocytosis. EXOs contribute to intercellular...

The potential therapeutic role of camel milk exosomes – A review

Published Online: May 03, 2023

Page range: 353 - 362

Received: Jan 26, 2022

Accepted: Sep 16, 2022

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/aoas-2022-0072

Keywords
camel milk exosomes, anticancer activity, anti-inflammatory activity, immuno-modulatory activity, antioxidant activity

© 2023 Norah A. Althobaiti et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

The potential therapeutic role of camel milk exosomes – A review

Published Online: May 03, 2023

Page range: 353 - 362

Received: Jan 26, 2022

Accepted: Sep 16, 2022

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/aoas-2022-0072

Keywordscamel milk exosomes, anticancer activity, anti-inflammatory activity, immuno-modulatory activity, antioxidant activity

© 2023 Norah A. Althobaiti et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Keywords
camel milk exosomes, anticancer activity, anti-inflammatory activity, immuno-modulatory activity, antioxidant activity