[
Accorsi P.A., Govoni N., Gaiani R., Pezzi C., Seren E., Tamanini C. (2005). Leptin, GH, PRL, insulin and metabolic parameters throughout the dry period and lactation in dairy cows. Reprod Domest Anim., 40: 217–223.10.1111/j.1439-0531.2005.00581.x
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Agenäs S., Burstedt E., Holtenius K. (2003). Effects of feeding intensity during the dry period. 1. Feed intake, body weight, and milk production. J Dairy Sci., 86: 870–82.10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(03)73670-4
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Alshehabat M., Alekish M., Talafha A. (2016). Selected metabolic biochemical and enzyme activities associated with Besnoitia besnoiti infection in dairy cattle. Trop anim health prod., 48: 1301–1304.10.1007/s11250-016-1077-7
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Caixeta L.S., Omontese B.O. (2021). Monitoring and Improving the Metabolic Health of Dairy Cows during the Transition Period. Animals (Basel), 11: 352.10.3390/ani11020352
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Chelikani P.K., Ambrose J.D., Keisler D.H., Kennelly J.J. (2004). Effect of short-term fasting on plasma concentrations of leptin and other hormones and metabolites in dairy cattle. Domest Anim Endocri., 26, 33–48.10.1016/j.domaniend.2003.08.00314732451
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Chen Y., Dong Z., Li R., Xu C. (2018). Changes in selected biochemical parameters (including FGF21) during subclinical and clinical ketosis in dairy cows. Med Wet., 74: 727–730.10.21521/mw.6133
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Cooper-Prado M.J., Rubio I., Long N.M., Davis M.P., Spicer L.J., Wettemann R.P. (2018). Case Study: Effects of body weight gain and bovine somatotropin treatment of post-partum beef cows on concentrations of IGF-1, insulin, and glucose in blood plasma, luteal activity, and calf growth. The Profess Ani Scient., 34, 513–521.10.15232/pas.2018-01746
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Csillik Z., Faigl V., Keresztes M., Galamb E., Hammon H.M., Tröscher A., Fébel H., Kulcsár M., Husvéth F., Huszenicza G., Butler W.R. (2017). Effect of pre-and postpartum supplementation with lipid-encapsulated conjugated linoleic acid on reproductive performance and the growth hormone–insulin-like growth factor-I axis in multiparous high-producing dairy cows. J Dairy Sci., 100: 5888–5898.10.3168/jds.2016-12124
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Deniz A.B., Aksoy K., Metin M. (2020). Transition period and subclinical ketosis in dairy cattle: association with milk production, metabolic and reproductive disorders and economic aspects. Med Wet., 76: 9.10.21521/mw.6427
]Search in Google Scholar
[
De Roos A.P., Van Den Bijgaart H.J., Hørlyk J., De Jong G. (2007). Screening for subclinical ketosis in dairy cattle by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry J Dairy Sci., 90: 1761–1766.10.3168/jds.2006-203
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Du X., Chen L., Huang D., PengZ., Zhao, C., Zhang Y., Zhu Y., Wang Z., Li X., Liu G. (2017). Elevated apoptosis in the liver of dairy cows with ketosis. Cell Physio Biochem., 43: 568–578.10.1159/000480529
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Du X., Zhu Y., Peng Z., Cui Y., Zhang Q., Shi Z., Guan Y., Sha X., Shen T., Yang Y., Li X. (2018). High concentrations of fatty acids and β-hydroxybutyrate impair the growth hormone-mediated hepatic JAK2-STAT5 pathway in clinically ketotic cows.J Dairy Sci., 101: 3476–3487.10.3168/jds.2017-13234
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Duffield T., Lissemore K., McBride B., Leslie K. (2009). Impact of hyperketonemia in early lactation dairy cows on health and production. J Dairy Sci., 92: 571–580.10.3168/jds.2008-1507
]Search in Google Scholar
[
IBM Corp. (2013). IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 22.0. IBM Corp., Armonk, NY. El-Kasrawy N.I., Swelum A.A., Abdel-Latif M.A. et al. (2020). Efficacy of Different Drenching Regimens of Gluconeogenic Precursors during Transition Period on Body Condition Score, Production, Reproductive Performance, Subclinical Ketosis and Economics of Dairy Cows. Animals (Basel), 10: 937.10.3390/ani10060937734149232485796
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Enjalbert, F., Nicot, M., Bayourthe C., Moncoulon R. (2001). Ketone bodies in milk and blood of dairy cows: Relationship between concentrations and utilization for detection of subclinical ketosis. J Dairy Sci., 84: 583–589.10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(01)74511-0
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Esposito G., Irons P.C., Webb E.C., Chapwanya A. (2014). Interactions between negative energy balance, metabolic diseases, uterine health and immune response in transition dairy cows. Ani Reproduc Sci., 144: 60–71.10.1016/j.anireprosci.2013.11.007
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Flint D.J., Gardner M. (1994). Evidence that growth hormone stimulates milk synthesis by direct action on the mammary gland and that prolactin exerts effects on milk secretion by maintenance of mammary deoxyribonucleic acid content and tight junction status. Endocrino., 135: 1119–1124.10.1210/endo.135.3.8070355
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Flores J., García J.E., Mellado J., Gaytán L., De Santiago A., Bosque M.M. (2019). Effect of growth hormone on milk yield and reproductive performance of subfertile Holstein cows during extended lactations. Span J Agri Res., 17: 11.10.5424/sjar/2019171-13842
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Gabai G., Cozzi G., Rosi F., Andrighetto I., Bono G. (2002). Glucose or essential amino acid infusions in late pregnant and early lactating Simmenthal cows failed to induce a leptin response. J Vet Med Ser A., 49: 73–80.10.1046/j.1439-0442.2002.jv419.x
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Garry B., Ganche E., Hennessy D., O’Donovan M., Murphy J.P., Kennedy E. (2021). Restricting dairy cow access time to pasture in autumn: The effects on milk production, grazing behaviour and DM intake of late lactation dairy cows. Animal, 15: 100335.10.1016/j.animal.2021.100335
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Gross J., van Dorland H. A., Bruckmaier R., Schwarz F. (2011). Performance and metabolic profile of dairy cows during a lactational and deliberately induced negative energy balance with subsequent realimentation. J Dairy Sci., 94: 1820–1830.10.3168/jds.2010-3707
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Gross J.J., Bruckmaier R.M. (2019). Metabolic challenges in lactating dairy cows and their assessment via established and novel indicators in milk. Animal, 13: 75–81.10.1017/S175173111800349X
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Grummer R.R. (2008). Nutritional and management strategies for the prevention of fatty liver in dairy cattle. The Vet J., 176: 10–20.10.1016/j.tvjl.2007.12.033
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Hayirli A., Grummer R., Nordheim E., CrumpP. (2003). Models for predicting dry matter intake of Holsteins during the prefresh transition period. J Dairy Sci., 86: 1771–1779.10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(03)73762-X
]Search in Google Scholar
[
He, B.X., Du X.H., Du Y.L., He Q.Q., Mohsin M.A. (2018). Association of Prepartum Hypoleptinemia and Postpartum Subclinical Ketosis in Holstein Dairy Cows. Pak Vet J., 38: 404–408.10.29261/pakvetj/2018.087
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Herdt T.H. (2000). Ruminant adaptation to negative energy balance: Influences on the etiology of ketosis and fatty liver. Veterinary Clinics: Food Ani Pract., 16: 215–230.10.1016/S0749-0720(15)30102-X
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Huang Y., Li Y., He B., Hu J., Mohsin. M.A.., Yu H., Wang P., Zhang P., Du Y., Huang L., Shen W. (2019). The Influence of Ketosis on the Rectal Microbiome of Chinese Holstein Cows. Pak Vet J., 39: 175–180.10.29261/pakvetj/2019.041
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Huang Y., Oikonomou, G., Hu, J., Li, Y., Du, X., Du, Y., Liu, Y., Zhang, P., Wang, P., Yu, H. and Tu, J., 2019a. Effect of feeding grape seed Proanthocyanidin extract on production performance, metabolic and anti-oxidative status of dairy cattle. Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia., 71: 1207–1216.10.1590/1678-4162-10957
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Itle A., Huzzey J., Weary D., Von Keyserlingk M. (2015). Clinical ketosis and standing behavior in transition cows. J Dairy Sci., 98: 128–134.10.3168/jds.2014-7932
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Knob D.A., Thaler Neto A., Schweizer H., Weigand AC., Kappes R., Scholz A.M. (2021). Energy Balance Indicators during the Transition Period and Early Lactation of Purebred Holstein and Simmental Cows and Their Crosses. Animals (Basel), 11: 309.10.3390/ani11020309
]Search in Google Scholar
[
KongF., Yang, J., Zhen Z., Liang T., Zhu D., Gao R., Xie G. (2015). Gene cloning and molecular characterization of a β-glucosidase from Thermotoga naphthophila RUK-10: an effective tool for synthesis of galacto-oligosaccharide and alkyl galactopyranosides. Chem Res Chin Univ., 31: 774–780.10.1007/s40242-015-5179-y
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Kronfeld D.S. (1965). Growth hormone-induced ketosis in the cow. J Dairy Sci., 48: 342–346.10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(65)88225-X
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Muiño R., Hernández J., Benedito J.L., Castillo C. (2021). Effects of Calving Body Condition Score on Blood Acid–Base Balance of Primiparous Holstein-Friesian Dairy Cows in a Commercial Dairy Farm: A Case Study. Animals (Basel), 11: 2075.10.3390/ani11072075
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Overton T.R., Waldron M.R. (2004). Nutritional management of transition dairy cows: strategies to optimize metabolic health. J Dairy Sci., 87: 105–19.10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(04)70066-1
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Pascottini O.B., Leroy J.L.M.R., Opsomer G. (2020). Metabolic Stress in the Transition Period of Dairy Cows: Focusing on the Prepartum Period. Animals (Basel), 10: 1419.10.3390/ani10081419
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Raboisson D., Mounié M., Maigne E. (2014). Diseases, reproductive performance, and changes in milk production associated with subclinical ketosis in dairy cows: A meta-analysis and review. J Dairy Sci., 97: 7547–7563.10.3168/jds.2014-8237
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Reynolds C., Aikman P., Lupoli B., Humphries D., Beeve, D. (2003). Splanchnic metabolism of dairy cows during the transition from late gestation through early lactation J Dairy Sci., 86: 1201–1217.10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(03)73704-7
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Sangalli J.R., Sampaio R.V., Del Collado M., da Silveira J.C., De Bem T.H.C., Perecin F., Smith L.C., Meirelles F.V. (2018). Metabolic gene expression and epigenetic effects of the ketone body β-hydroxybutyrate on H3K9ac in bovine cells, oocytes and embryos. Sci Rep., 8: 1–18.10.1038/s41598-018-31822-7
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Silva P.R., Soares H.F., Braz W.D., Bombardelli G.D., Clapper J.A., Keisler D.H., Chebel R.C. (2017). Effects of treatment of periparturient dairy cows with recombinant bovine somatotropin on health and productive and reproductive parameters. J Dairy Sci., 100, 3126–3142.10.3168/jds.2016-1173728215881
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Strączek I., Młynek K., Danielewicz A. (2021). The Capacity of Holstein-Friesian and Simmental Cows to Correct a Negative Energy Balance in Relation to Their Performance Parameters, Course of Lactation, and Selected Milk Components. Animals (Basel), 11: 1674.10.3390/ani11061674
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Wang X., Li X., Zhao C., Hu P., Chen H., Liu Z., Liu G., Wang Z. (2012). Correlation between composition of the bacterial community and concentration of volatile fatty acids in the rumen during the transition period and ketosis in dairy cows. Appl Environ Microbio., 78: 2386–2392.10.1128/AEM.07545-11
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Wang Y., Huo P., Sun Y., Zhang Y. (2019). Effects of Body Condition Score Changes During Peripartum on the Postpartum Health and Production Performance of Primiparous Dairy Cows. Animals (Basel), 9: 1159.10.3390/ani9121159
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Wang Y.P.; Cai M., Hua D.K., Zhang F., Jiang L.S., Zhao Y.G., Wang,H., Nan X.M., Xiong B.H. (2020). Metabolomics reveals effects of rumen-protected glucose on metabolism of dairy cows in early lactation. Ani Feed Sci and Techn., 269: 114620.10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114620
]Search in Google Scholar
[
[42]. Williams W.F., Lee S.D., Head HH., Lynch J. (1963). Growth hormone effects on bovine blood plasma fatty acid concentration and metabolism. J Dairy Sci., 46: 1405140–8.10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(63)89290-5
]Search in Google Scholar
[
[10]. Wu Z.L., Chen S.Y., Jia X., Wang J., Lai S.J. (2020). Metabolomic and Proteomic Profiles Associated With Ketosis in Dairy Cows. Front in Genetics, 11: 1542.10.3389/fgene.2020.551587
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Xia C., Wang Z., Liu G.W., Zhang H.Y., Zhang C, Xu C. (2009). Changes of plasma metabolites, hormones, and mRNA expression of liver PEPCK-C in spontaneously ketotic dairy cows. Asian-Australas j Anim Sci., 23, 47–51.10.5713/ajas.2010.70307
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Youssef M., El-Ashker M. (2017). Significance of insulin resistance and oxidative stress in dairy cattle with subclinical ketosis during the transition period. Tropl Ani Health Produc., 49: 239–244.10.1007/s11250-016-1211-6
]Search in Google Scholar