[Adorian T. J., Jamali H., Ghafari Farsani H., Darvishi P., Hasanpour S., Bagheri T., Roozbehfar R. (2019). Effects of probiotic bacteria bacillus on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, and hematological parameters of Asian sea bass, Lates calcarifer (Bloch). Probiotics Antimicrob. Proteins, 11: 248–255.10.1007/s12602-018-9393-z]Search in Google Scholar
[Aguilera-Rivera D., Prieto-Davó A., Escalante K., Chávez C., Cuzon G., Gaxiola G. (2014). Probiotic effect of FLOC on Vibrios in the pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Aquaculture, 424: 215–219.10.1016/j.aquaculture.2014.01.008]Search in Google Scholar
[Ahmad I., Babitha Rani A. M., Verma A. K., Maqsood M. (2017). Biofloc technology: an emerging avenue in aquatic animal healthcare and nutrition. Aquacult. Int., 25: 1215–1226.10.1007/s10499-016-0108-8]Search in Google Scholar
[Alves G. F. O., Fernandes A. F. A., Alvarenga E. R., Turra E. M., Sousa A. B., Teixeira E. A. (2017). Effect of the transfer at different moments of juvenile Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) to the biofloc system in formation. Aquaculture, 479: 564–570.10.1016/j.aquaculture.2017.06.029]Search in Google Scholar
[AOAC (2005). Official methods of analysis. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, INC., Arlington, Virginia, USA, p. 245.]Search in Google Scholar
[APHA (2005). American Water Works Association, Water Pollution Control Association. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater (21st ed.). American Public Health Association, Washington, DC, USA.]Search in Google Scholar
[Apún-Molina J. P., Santamaría-Miranda A., Luna-González A., Martínez-Díaz S. F., Rojas-Contreras M. (2009). Effect of potential probiotic bacteria on growth and survival of tilapia Oreochromis niloticus L., cultured in the laboratory under high density and suboptimum temperature. Aquac. Res., 40: 887–894.10.1111/j.1365-2109.2009.02172.x]Search in Google Scholar
[Avnimelech Y. (2007). Feeding with microbial flocs by tilapia in minimal discharge bio-flocs technology ponds. Aquaculture, 264: 140–147.10.1016/j.aquaculture.2006.11.025]Search in Google Scholar
[Avnimelech Y. (2009). Biofloc Technology – A Practical Guide Book. 1st ed. The World Aquaculture Society, Baton Rouge, LA, USA, 182 pp.]Search in Google Scholar
[Avnimelech Y. (2012). Biofloc Technology – A Practical Guide Book. 2nd ed. The World Aquaculture Society, Baton Rouge, USA, 272 pp.]Search in Google Scholar
[Avnimelech Y., Kochba M. (2009). Evaluation of nitrogen uptake and excretion by tilapia in bio floc tanks, using 15N tracing. Aquaculture, 287: 163–168.10.1016/j.aquaculture.2008.10.009]Search in Google Scholar
[Bakhshi F., Najdegerami E. H., Manaffar R., Tokmechi A., Farah K. R., Jalali A. S. (2018). Growth performance, haematology, antioxidant status, immune response and histology of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) fed biofloc grown on different carbon sources. Aquac. Res., 49: 393–403.10.1111/are.13469]Search in Google Scholar
[Becerra-Dórame M., Martinez-Porchas M., Martinez-Cordova L. R., Rivas-Vega M. E., Lopez-Elias J. A., Porchas-Cornejo M. A. (2012). Production response and digestive enzymatic activity of the Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931) intensively pre grown in microbial heterotrophic and autotrophic-based systems. Sci. World J., 723654, 6 pp.10.1100/2012/723654]Search in Google Scholar
[Bergmeyer H. U., Horder M., Rej R. (1986). International Federation of Clinical Chemistry (IFCC) Scientific Committee. J. Clin. Chem. Clin. Biochem., 24: 497–510.]Search in Google Scholar
[Bernfeld P. (1955). Amylase. In: Methods in Enzymology, Colowick S.P., Kaplan N.O. (eds.). Academic Press, New York, pp: 149–158.10.1016/0076-6879(55)01021-5]Search in Google Scholar
[Chen C., Wooster G. A., Bowser P. R. (2004). Comparative blood chemistry and histopathology of tilapia infected with Vibrio vulnificus or Streptococcus iniae or exposed to carbon tetrachloride, gentamicin or copper sulfate. Aquaculture, 239: 421–443.10.1016/j.aquaculture.2004.05.033]Search in Google Scholar
[Christopher M. A., Caipang H. X., Choo Z. B., Huilin H., Clara M., Lay-Yag J. L. (2015). Small-scale production of biofloc using various carbon sources for the freshwater culture of tilapia, Oreochromis sp. ABAH Bioflux, 7: 103–111.]Search in Google Scholar
[Colt J. (2006). Water quality requirements for reuse systems. Aquac. Eng., 34: 143–156.10.1016/j.aquaeng.2005.08.011]Search in Google Scholar
[Coyle S. D., Bright L. A., Wood D. R., Neal R. S., Tidwell J. H. (2011). Performance of Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, reared in zero-exchange tank systems exposed to different light sources and intensities. J. World Aquacult. Soc., 42: 687–695.10.1111/j.1749-7345.2011.00512.x]Search in Google Scholar
[Crab R., Kochva M., Verstraete W., Avnimelech Y. (2009). Bio-flocs technology application in over-wintering of tilapia. Aquac. Eng., 40: 105–112.10.1016/j.aquaeng.2008.12.004]Search in Google Scholar
[De Schryver P., Sinha A. K., Kunwar P. S., Baruah K., Verstraete W., Boon N., De Boeck G., Bossier P. (2010). Poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) increases growth performance and intestinal bacterial range-weighted richness in juvenile European sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 86: 1535–1541.10.1007/s00253-009-2414-9]Search in Google Scholar
[Deng M., Chen J., Gou J., Hou J., Li D., He X. (2018). The effect of different carbon sources on water quality, microbial community and structure of biofloc systems. Aquaculture, 482: 103–110.10.1016/j.aquaculture.2017.09.030]Search in Google Scholar
[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Klinische Chemie (1972). Empfehlungen der deutschen Gesellschaft für Klinische Chemie. Standardisierung von Methoden zur Bestimmung von Enzymaktivitaten in biologischen flussigkeiten. (Standardizition of methods for measurement of enzymatic activities in biological fluids). Z. Klin. Chem. Klin. Biochem., 10: 182–192.]Search in Google Scholar
[Durigon E. G., Almeida A. P. G., Jerônimo G. T., Baldisserotto B., Emerencianoa M. G. C. (2019). Digestive enzymes and parasitology of Nile tilapia juveniles raised in brackish biofloc water and fed with different digestible protein and digestible energy levels. Aquaculture, 506: 35–41.10.1016/j.aquaculture.2019.03.022]Search in Google Scholar
[Durigon E. G., Lazzari R., Uczay J., Lopes D. L. D. A., Jerônimo G. T., Sgnaulin T., Emerenciano M. G. C. (2020). Biofloc technology (BFT): Adjusting the levels of digestible protein and digestible energy in diets of Nile tilapia juveniles raised in brackish water. Aquacult. Fish., 5: 42–51.10.1016/j.aaf.2019.07.001]Search in Google Scholar
[Ekasari J., Crab R., Verstraete W. (2010). Primary nutritional content of bio-flocs cultured with different organic carbon sources and salinity. HAYATI J. Biosci., 17: 125–130.10.4308/hjb.17.3.125]Search in Google Scholar
[Ekasari J., Rivandi D. R., Firdausi A. P., Surawidjaja E. H., Zairin M., Bossier P., De Schryver P. (2015). Biofloc technology positively affects Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) larvae performance. Aquaculture, 441: 72–77.10.1016/j.aquaculture.2015.02.019]Search in Google Scholar
[El-Sayed E. M. (2006). Tilapia Culture. CABI Publishing, Cambridge Massachusetts, USA, 275 p.10.1079/9780851990149.0000]Search in Google Scholar
[Emerenciano M., Ballester E. L., Cavalli R. O., Wasielesky W. (2012). Biofloc technology application as a food source in a limited water exchange nursery system for pink shrimp Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis (Latreille, 1817). Aquac. Res., 43: 447–457.10.1111/j.1365-2109.2011.02848.x]Search in Google Scholar
[Emerenciano M. G. C., Martínez-Córdova L. R., Martínez-Porchas M., Miranda-Baeza A. (2017). Biofloc technology (BFT): a tool for water quality management in aquaculture. Water Quality, InTech, London, UK, pp. 91–109.10.5772/66416]Search in Google Scholar
[Garcia-Carreno F. L., Haard N. F. (1993). Characterization of proteinase classes in langostilla (Pleuroncodes planipes) and crayfish (Pacifastacus astacus) extracts. J. Food Biochem., 17: 97–113.10.1111/j.1745-4514.1993.tb00864.x]Search in Google Scholar
[García-Ríos L., Miranda-Baeza A., Coelho-Emerenciano M. G., Huerta-Rábago J. A., Osuna-Amarillas P. (2019). Biofloc technology (BFT) applied to tilapia fingerlings production using different carbon sources: Emphasis on commercial applications. Aquaculture, 502: 26–31.10.1016/j.aquaculture.2018.11.057]Search in Google Scholar
[Hakim Y., Uni Z., Hulata G., Harpaz S. (2006). Relationship between intestinal brush border enzymatic activity and growth rate in tilapias fed diets containing 30% or 48% protein. Aquaculture, 257: 420–428.10.1016/j.aquaculture.2006.02.034]Search in Google Scholar
[Hao L., Wang Z., Xing B. (2009). Effect of sub-acute exposure to TiO nanoparticles on oxidative stress and histopathological changes in juvenile carp (Cyprinus carpio). J. Environ. Sci., 21: 1459–1466.10.1016/S1001-0742(08)62440-7]Search in Google Scholar
[Haridas H., Verma A. K., Rathore G., Prakash C., Banerjee P. (2017). Enhanced growth and immuno-physiological response of Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia in indoor biofloc units at different stocking densities. Aquac. Res., 48: 4346–4355.10.1111/are.13256]Search in Google Scholar
[Hu Z., Lee J. W., Chandran K., Kim S., Brotto A. C., Khanal S. K. (2015). Effect of plant species on nitrogen recovery in aquaponics. Bioresour. Technol., 188: 92–98.10.1016/j.biortech.2015.01.013]Search in Google Scholar
[Iijima N., Tanaka S., Ota Y. (1998). Purification and characterization of bile salt-activated lipase from the hepatopancreas of red sea bream (Pagrus major). Fish Physiol. Biochem., 18: 59–69.]Search in Google Scholar
[Jenabi Haghparast R., Moghanlou K. S., Mohseni M., Imani A. (2019). Effect of dietary soybean lecithin on fish performance, hemato-immunological parameters, lipid biochemistry, antioxidant status, digestive enzymes activity and intestinal histomorphometry of pre-spawning Caspian brown trout (Salmo trutta caspius). Fish Shellfish Immunol., 91: 50–57.10.1016/j.fsi.2019.05.022]Search in Google Scholar
[Ju Z., Forster I., Conquest L., Dominy W. (2008). Enhanced growth effects on shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) from inclusion of whole shrimp floc or floc fractions to a formulated diet. Aquac. Nutr., 14: 533–543.10.1111/j.1365-2095.2007.00559.x]Search in Google Scholar
[Kamrani E., Sharifinia M., Hashemi S. H. (2016). Analyses of fish community structure changes in three subtropical estuaries from the Iranian coastal waters. Mar. Biodivers., 46: 561–577.10.1007/s12526-015-0398-5]Search in Google Scholar
[Khanjani M. H., Sharifinia M. (2020). Biofloc technology as a promising tool to improve aquaculture production. Rev. Aquacult., 12: 1836–1850.10.1111/raq.12412]Search in Google Scholar
[Khanjani M. H., Sajjadi M., Alizadeh M., Sourinejad I. (2016). Study on nursery growth performance of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei Boone, 1931) under different feeding levels in zero water exchange system. Iran. J. Fish. Sci.,15: 1465–1484.]Search in Google Scholar
[Khanjani M. H., Sajjadi M. M., Alizadeh M., Sourinejad I. (2017). Nursery performance of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei Boone, 1931) cultivated in a biofloc system: the effect of adding different carbon sources. Aquac. Res., 48: 1491–1501.10.1111/are.12985]Search in Google Scholar
[Khanjani M. H., Alizadeh M., Sharifinia M. (2020 a). Rearing of the Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei in a biofloc system: The effects of different food sources and salinity levels. Aquac. Nutr., 26: 328–337.10.1111/anu.12994]Search in Google Scholar
[Khanjani M. H., Sharifinia M. Hajirezaee S. (2020 b). Effects of different salinity levels on water quality, growth performance and body composition of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei Boone, 1931) cultured in a zero water exchange heterotrophic system. Ann. Anim. Sci., 20: 1–16.10.2478/aoas-2020-0036]Search in Google Scholar
[Khanjani M. H., Alizadeh M., Sharifinia M. (2021 a). Effects of different carbon sources on water quality, biofloc quality, and growth performance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings in a heterotrophic culture system. Aquacult. Int., 29: 307–321.10.1007/s10499-020-00627-9]Search in Google Scholar
[Khanjani M. H., Alizadeh M., Mohammadi M., Sarsangi Aliabad H. (2021 b). Biofloc system applied to Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) farming using different carbon sources: growth performance, carcass analysis, digestive and hepatic enzyme activity. Iran. J. Fish. Sci., 20: 490–513.]Search in Google Scholar
[Khatoon H., Banerjee S., Yuan G., Haris N., Ikhwanuddin M., Ambak M., Endutet A. (2016). Biofloc as a potential natural feed for shrimp postlarvae. Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad., 113: 304–309.10.1016/j.ibiod.2016.04.006]Search in Google Scholar
[Kumolu-Johnson C. A., Ndimele P. E. (2010). Length-weight relationships and condition factors of twenty-one fish species in Ologe Lagoon, Lagos, Nigeria. Asian J. Agric. Sci., 4: 174–179.]Search in Google Scholar
[Lima P. C. M., Abreu J. L., Silva A. E. M., Severi W., Galvez A. O., Brito L. O. (2018). Nile tilapia fingerling cultivated in a low-salinity biofloc system at different stocking densities. Span. J. Agric. Res., 16: 612–621.10.5424/sjar/2018164-13222]Search in Google Scholar
[Lin S., Mai K., Tan B. (2007). Effects of exogenous enzyme supplementation in diets on growth and feed utilization in tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus×O. aureus. Aquac. Res., 38: 1645–1653.10.1111/j.1365-2109.2007.01825.x]Search in Google Scholar
[Liu G., Ye Z., Liu D., Zhao J., Sivaramasamy E., Deng Y., Zhu S. (2018). Influence of stocking density on growth, digestive enzyme activities, immune responses, antioxidant of Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings in biofloc systems, Fish Shellfish Immunol., 81: 416–422.10.1016/j.fsi.2018.07.047]Search in Google Scholar
[Long L., Yang J., Li Y., Guan C., Wu F. (2015). Effect of biofloc technology on growth, digestive enzyme activity, hematology, and immune response of genetically improved farmed tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Aquaculture, 448: 135–141.10.1016/j.aquaculture.2015.05.017]Search in Google Scholar
[Luo G., Wang C., Liu W., Sun D., Li L., Tan H. (2014). Growth, digestive activity, welfare, and partial cost-effectiveness of genetically improved farmed tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) cultured in a recirculating aquaculture system and an indoor biofloc system. Aquaculture, 422–423: 1–7.10.1016/j.aquaculture.2013.11.023]Search in Google Scholar
[Márquez A. G., Demessence A., Platero-Prats A. E., Heurtau D., Horcajada P., Serre C., Chang J. S., Férey G., dela Peña-O’ Shea V. A., Boissière C., Grosso D., Sanchez C. (2012). Green microwave synthesis of MIL-100 (Al, Cr, Fe) nanoparticles for thin-film elaboration. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem., 100: 5165–5174.10.1002/ejic.201200710]Search in Google Scholar
[Martins G. B., da Rosa C. E., Tarouco F. M, Robaldo R. B. (2019). Growth, water quality and oxidative stress of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (L.) in biofloc technology system at different pH. Aquac. Res., 50: 1030–1039.10.1111/are.13975]Search in Google Scholar
[Menaga M., Felixb S., Charulatha M., Gopalakannana A., Panigrahic A. (2019). Effect of in-situ and ex-situ biofloc on immune response of Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia. Fish Shellfish Immunol., 92: 698–705.10.1016/j.fsi.2019.06.031]Search in Google Scholar
[Minabi K., Sourinejad I., Alizadeh M., Rajabzadeh Ghatrami E., Khanjani M. H. (2020). Effects of different carbon to nitrogen ratios in the biofloc system on water quality, growth, and body composition of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) fingerlings. Aquacult. Int., 28: 1883–1898.10.1007/s10499-020-00564-7]Search in Google Scholar
[Mirzakhani N., Ebrahimi E., Jalali S. A. H., Ekasari J. (2019). Growth performance, intestinal morphology and nonspecific immunity response of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fry cultured in biofloc systems with different carbon sources and input C:N ratios. Aquaculture, 512: 734235.10.1016/j.aquaculture.2019.734235]Search in Google Scholar
[MOOPAM (1999). Manual of oceanographic observations and pollutant analysis methods. Kuwait, ROPME, 1: 20.]Search in Google Scholar
[Morado C. N., Araújo F. G., Gomes I. D. (2017). The use of biomarkers for assessing effects of pollutant stress on fish species from a tropical river in Southeastern Brazil. Acta Sci., 39: 431–439.10.4025/actascibiolsci.v39i4.34293]Search in Google Scholar
[Najdegerami E. H., Bakhshi F., Lakani F. B. (2016). Effects of biofloc on growth performance, digestive enzyme activities and liver histology of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) fingerlings in zero-water exchange system. Fish Physiol. Biochem., 42: 457–465.10.1007/s10695-015-0151-9]Search in Google Scholar
[Panigrahi A., Saranya C., Sundaram M., Kannan S. V., Das R. R., Kumar R. S., Rajesh P., Otta S. (2018). Carbon: Nitrogen (C: N) ratio level variation influences microbial community of the system and growth as well as immunity of shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) in biofloc based culture system. Fish Shellfish Immunol., 81: 329–337.10.1016/j.fsi.2018.07.035]Search in Google Scholar
[Pérez-Fuentes J. A., Hernández-Vergara M. P., Pérez-Rostro C. I., Fogel I. (2016). C:N ratios affect nitrogen removal and production of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus raised in a biofloc system under high density cultivation. Aquaculture, 452: 247–251.10.1016/j.aquaculture.2015.11.010]Search in Google Scholar
[Pinho S. M., Molinari D., de Mello G. L., Fitzsimmons K. M., Emerenciano M. G. C. (2017). Effluent from a biofloc technology (BFT) tilapia culture on the aquaponics production of different lettuce varieties. Ecol. Eng., 103: 146–153.10.1016/j.ecoleng.2017.03.009]Search in Google Scholar
[Qi Z., Zhang X. H., Boon N., Bossier P. (2009). Probiotics in aquaculture of China – current state, problems and prospect. Aquaculture, 290: 15–21.10.1016/j.aquaculture.2009.02.012]Search in Google Scholar
[Ren W., Li L., Dong S., Tian X., Xue Y. (2019). Effects of C/N ratio and light on ammonia nitrogen uptake in Litopenaeus vannamei culture tanks. Aquaculture, 498: 123–131.10.1016/j.aquaculture.2018.08.043]Search in Google Scholar
[Santacruz-Reyes R. A., Chien Y. H. (2012). The potential of Yucca schidigera extract to reduce the ammonia pollution from shrimp farming. Bioresour. Technol., 113: 311–314.10.1016/j.biortech.2012.02.132]Search in Google Scholar
[Santos J. F., Soares K. L. S., Assis C. R. D., Guerra C. A. M., Lemos D., Carvalho L. B., Bezerra R. S. (2016). Digestive enzyme activity in the intestine of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) under pond and cage farming systems. Fish Physiol. Biochem., 42: 1259–1274.10.1007/s10695-016-0215-5]Search in Google Scholar
[Seixas Filho J. T., Oliveira M. G. A., Donzele J. L., Gomide A. T. M., Menin E. (2000). Lipase activity in the chime of three Teleostei freshwater fish. Rev. Bras. Zootec., 29: 6–14.10.1590/S1516-35982000000100002]Search in Google Scholar
[Shahsavani D., Kazerani H. R., Kaveh S., Gholipour-Kanani H. (2010). Determination of some normal serum parameters in starry sturgeon (Acipenser stellatus Pallas, 1771) during spring season. Comp. Clin. Path., 19: 57–61.10.1007/s00580-009-0899-3]Search in Google Scholar
[Suárez M. D., Trenzado C. E., García-Gallego M., Furné M., García-Mesa S., Domezain A., Alba I., Sanz A. (2015). Interaction of dietary energy levels and culture density on growth performance and metabolic and oxidative status of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquac. Eng., 67: 59–66.10.1016/j.aquaeng.2015.06.001]Search in Google Scholar
[Toledo T. M., Silva B. C., Vieira F. D. N., Mourino J. L. P., Seiffert W. Q. (2016). Effects of different dietary lipid levels and fatty acids profile in the culture of white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone) in biofloc technology: water quality, biofloc composition, growth and health. Aquac. Res., 47: 1841–1851.10.1111/are.12642]Search in Google Scholar
[Wang G., Yu E., Xie J., Yu D., Li Z., Luo W., Qiu L., Zheng Z. (2015). Effect of C:N ratio on water quality in zero-water exchange tanks and the biofloc supplementation in feed on the growth performance of crucian carp, Carassius auratus. Aquaculture, 443: 98–104.10.1016/j.aquaculture.2015.03.015]Search in Google Scholar
[Wang M., Lu M. (2016). Tilapia polyculture: a global review. Aquac. Res., 47: 2363–2374.10.1111/are.12708]Search in Google Scholar
[Xu W. J., Pan L. Q. (2012). Effects of bioflocs on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and body composition of juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei in zero-water exchange tanks manipulating C/N ratio in feed. Aquaculture, 356: 147–152.10.1016/j.aquaculture.2012.05.022]Search in Google Scholar
[Xu W. J., Pan L. Q. (2014). Dietary protein level and C/N ratio manipulation in zero exchange culture of Litopenaeus vannamei: Evaluation of inorganic nitrogen control, biofloc composition and shrimp performance. Aquac. Res., 45: 1842–1851.10.1111/are.12126]Search in Google Scholar
[Yeganeh V., Sharifinia M., Mobaraki S., Dashtiannasab A., Aeinjamshid K., Borazjani J. M., Maghsoudloo T. (2020). Survey of survival rate and histological alterations of gills and hepatopancreas of the Litopenaeus vannamei juveniles caused by exposure of Margalefidinium / Cochlodinium polykrikoides isolated from the Persian Gulf. Harmful Algae, 97: 101856.10.1016/j.hal.2020.101856]Search in Google Scholar
[Zhou X. X., Wang Y. B., Li W. F. (2009). Effect of probiotic on larvae shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) based on water quality, survival rate and digestive enzyme activities. Aquaculture, 287: 349–353.10.1016/j.aquaculture.2008.10.046]Search in Google Scholar
[Ziaei-Nejad S., Rezaei M. H., Takami G. A., Lovett D. L., Mirvaghefi A. R., Shakouri M. (2006). The effect of Bacillus spp. bacteria used as probiotics on digestive enzyme activity, survival and growth in the Indian white shrimp Fenneropenaeus indicus. Aquaculture, 252: 516–524.10.1016/j.aquaculture.2005.07.021]Search in Google Scholar