<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<p>This paper considers the supply chain composed of altruistic retailers and selfish manufacturers under risk aversion. We use the mean variance (MV) method to construct two types of behavior models. One is a two-stage supply chain model with a single manufacturer and a single retailer, and the other is a competitive supply chain model with two retailers and two manufacturers. We discuss the decision-making problems under manufacturer Stackelberg (MS) game and retailer Stackelberg (RS) game, respectively. We analyze the role of risk aversion and power structure. Results show that the more risk aversion manufacturers are, the lower the emission reduction levels are. It also find that the prices increase with power shift from retailers to manufacturers. Finally, we point out that the competing can help the firms earn more benefits via numerical studies.</p>
</abstract>

This paper considers the supply chain composed of altruistic retailers and selfish manufacturers under risk aversion. We use the mean variance (MV) method to construct two types of behavior models. One is a two-stage supply chain model with a single manufacturer and a single retailer, and the other is a competitive supply chain model with two retailers and two manufacturers. We discuss the decision-making problems under manufacturer Stackelberg (MS) game and retailer Stackelberg (RS) game, respectively. We analyze the role of risk aversion and power structure. Results show that the more risk aversion manufacturers are, the lower the emission reduction levels are. It also find that the prices increase with power shift from retailers to manufacturers. Finally, we point out that the competing can help the firms earn more benefits via numerical studies.

Decisions of competing supply chain with altruistic retailer under risk aversion

Hubei Key Laboratory of Power System Design and Test for Electrical Vehicle

Applied Mathematics and Nonlinear Sciences

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

{"article-title":"Decisions of competing supply chain with altruistic retailer under risk aversion"}

This paper considers the supply chain composed of altruistic retailers and selfish manufacturers under risk aversion. We use the mean variance (MV) method to...

Decisions of competing supply chain with altruistic retailer under risk aversion

Published Online: Apr 29, 2022

Page range: 499 - 512

Received: Nov 08, 2021

Accepted: Nov 27, 2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/amns.2021.2.00301

Keywords
Competing supply chain, Altruistic preference, Stackelberg game, Risk aversion

© 2023 Jing Liu et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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Decisions of competing supply chain with altruistic retailer under risk aversion

Published Online: Apr 29, 2022

Page range: 499 - 512

Received: Nov 08, 2021

Accepted: Nov 27, 2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/amns.2021.2.00301

KeywordsCompeting supply chain, Altruistic preference, Stackelberg game, Risk aversion

© 2023 Jing Liu et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Fig. 6

Fig. 7

Keywords
Competing supply chain, Altruistic preference, Stackelberg game, Risk aversion