In physical education class, the movement of the human body requires multiple joints to cooperate, and a multi-link system coupling is presented. In the teaching of physical education curriculum, the impact of the force received by students jumping up and down shows the characteristics of the non-linear system of physics and mathematics. Aiming at the movement process of jumping up and down, we established a joint mathematical equation model of the motion state of the human lower limb joints. We use a non-linear system to solve the mathematical model of the joint force coupling problem of the human body jumping up and down.
Keywords
- Physical education
- exercise coupling model
- lower limb system
- landing moment
- mathematical model
MSC 2010
- 70H20
Analyzing human movement from biomechanical characteristics is a multi-link chain system characteristic. Different joints play different roles in this multi-link limb chain. At present, there is not much research on the multi-joint motion chain of the lower limbs, and the mechanism of motion control is not precise. The kinematic characteristics of the knee joint when the human body falls from a height are important factors that affect the ground reaction force. The impact at the moment of landing is a complex physical process, and the human body is viscoelastic [1]. Therefore, the human body has a series of dynamic responses to the impact at the moment of landing. This article attempts to use the dominant joint decomposition theory to establish a collaborative mathematical model of the lower limb system at the moment of landing. This article hopes that the conclusions drawn in the thesis will provide a theoretical basis for analyzing the complex motion mechanism of lower limbs.
The thesis defines the moment when the foot and ankle joints are in two states during the moment when the human body lands from a height to land (using a single foot as the research object). The first state is when the toe touches the ground, and the second state is when the foot is flat [2]. The moment the toe touches the environment comes from the muscle Achilles tendon force. For the ankle system, it is the longitudinal internal force F, and on the vertical plane
We put together formula (1) to get a mathematical model of the moment the toe touches the ground
Fig. 1
Schematic diagram of the human body landing from the toe touching the ground to the foot lying flat.

For the second state, the foot is always flat, assuming that the human body maintains a balanced and static condition
Organize formula (2) to get
From this we get the mathematical model of the human foot and ankle joint
From model (2) and formula (5), the joint mathematical model of the ankle joint of the human body at the moment of landing impact is obtained.
From this model, the longitudinal structural force of the foot can be calculated [3]. For the soles of the same size, the lower the arch (flat feet), the greater the angle between
According to the leading joint decomposition theory, we disassemble the common knee axis. We assume that both the hip joint and the knee joint rotate shaft structures around the center [4]. The direction of the axis of rotation is perpendicular to the forward direction. The mathematical model of the knee joint is as follows:
Fig. 2
Schematic diagram of the force on the lower limb system at the moment of landing.

The mathematical model of the hip joint obtained by inverse dynamics is as follows:
We can obtain the combined mathematical model of the knee joint and hip joint torque from the angular movement of the calf around the knee joint
We assume
We use the space coordinate to simulate the time coordinate t, according to the Hamilton variational principle:
We double-integrate the formula (2) to get:
We set the initial variable
The Hammon equation is described as follows:
We abbreviate formula (13) as:
The entire state vector:
The operator matrix is:
The identity matrix is expressed as
We have
Among them, when
Solutions
The relationship between
We can get this by solving the Eigen equation:
We simulate the action of the human body jumping from a height of 66 cm. The load is the mechanical parameter that occurs in the dynamic experiment [9]. When the subject is landing from a height, the angle between the extension line of the calf.
Fig. 3
Schematic diagram of the simulation of a human body landing from the toe touching the ground to the foot lying flat.

From the simulation results, it can be seen that the knee joint has an excellent cushioning effect on the vertical ground reaction force, and the angular velocity of the hip joint has an advantage in cushioning the horizontal backward reaction force.
We set the unit properties of the material of the parts and the contact between the components. The model setting boundary conditions and loads have been developed. During the simulation, a rotational load was applied to the femur during buckling [10]. We simulate the internal and external rotation of the femur, and the angle of internal and external rotation is gradually increased from 5° to 30°, as shown in Figure 4. We set the measurement parameters and then solve them. The result is shown in Figure 5 [11].
Fig. 4
Schematic diagram of the momentary load of the human lower limbs landing.

Fig. 5
The stress cloud surrounding the lower limbs of the human body at the moment of landing.

The landing method that reduces the maximum vertical reaction force has a greater degree of joint flexion than the proper landing method [12]. Therefore, the human body delays the cushioning of the landing process by increasing the degree of flexion of the joints and reduces the reaction force of the ground under the state of falling motion-fixed.
The skeletal muscle system of the lower limb system of the human body immediately reaches a large load during the landing. Therefore, the method used to control the reaction force must be activated before touching the ground. Thus, the muscles of the lower limbs of the human body enter the contraction state before the end of the link chain touches the ground, and the joint chain should be in a flexion state before touching the ground [13].
According to the decomposition theory of dominant joints, a joint mathematical model of the lower limb system of the human body is established at the moment of landing. Based on the Hamiltonian system, the mathematical model of the coupling problem of the lower limbs of the human body is analyzed. From the simulation results, it can be known that since the skeletal muscle system reaches a large load immediately when it touches the ground, the method used to control the reaction force must be activated before the ground touches.
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