<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<p>As the most common intraocular malignancy in children, retinoblastoma poses a vision, globe, and life-threatening risk and hence requires thorough evaluation and surveillance. While the disease is one of the most curable malignancies in established countries, children of lower-middle-income countries are not so fortunate, especially those with familial history of retinoblastoma. The delay of diagnosis proposes a grave prognosis, thus screening is a must. This study aimed to review the literature on various screening programs and applications described for the early detection of retinoblastoma, especially in a setting where genetic examination performance is limited. A literature search across PubMed®, ProQuest, and EbscoHost (MEDLINE Full text) with the topic of current methods and programs of retinoblastoma screening in neonates, infants, and children were carried out denoting various guideline and recommendations but the implementation is not uniform. Examination under anesthesia and red-reflex tests are among the most frequently conducted but the practices vastly vary especially in a place with low resources. Recent updates in mobile phone freeware should be rigorously upgraded due to its current inadequate sensitivity and specificity in detecting retinoblastoma but pose a promising future for retinoblastoma screening and diagnosis, especially in lower-middle-income countries.</p>
</abstract>

As the most common intraocular malignancy in children, retinoblastoma poses a vision, globe, and life-threatening risk and hence requires thorough evaluation and surveillance. While the disease is one of the most curable malignancies in established countries, children of lower-middle-income countries are not so fortunate, especially those with familial history of retinoblastoma. The delay of diagnosis proposes a grave prognosis, thus screening is a must. This study aimed to review the literature on various screening programs and applications described for the early detection of retinoblastoma, especially in a setting where genetic examination performance is limited. A literature search across PubMed®, ProQuest, and EbscoHost (MEDLINE Full text) with the topic of current methods and programs of retinoblastoma screening in neonates, infants, and children were carried out denoting various guideline and recommendations but the implementation is not uniform. Examination under anesthesia and red-reflex tests are among the most frequently conducted but the practices vastly vary especially in a place with low resources. Recent updates in mobile phone freeware should be rigorously upgraded due to its current inadequate sensitivity and specificity in detecting retinoblastoma but pose a promising future for retinoblastoma screening and diagnosis, especially in lower-middle-income countries.

Current screening and diagnostic approaches of retinoblastoma in limited setting

Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology

Acta Marisiensis - Seria Medica

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

{"article-title":"Current screening and diagnostic approaches of retinoblastoma in limited setting"}

As the most common intraocular malignancy in children, retinoblastoma poses a vision, globe, and life-threatening risk and hence requires thorough evaluation...

Current screening and diagnostic approaches of retinoblastoma in limited setting

Published Online: Sep 28, 2023

Page range: 153 - 156

Received: Jun 28, 2023

Accepted: Aug 15, 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/amma-2023-0032

Keywords
diagnostic, pediatric, retinoblastoma, screening

© 2023 Nunki Puspita Utomo et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Current screening and diagnostic approaches of retinoblastoma in limited setting

Published Online: Sep 28, 2023

Page range: 153 - 156

Received: Jun 28, 2023

Accepted: Aug 15, 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/amma-2023-0032

Keywordsdiagnostic, pediatric, retinoblastoma, screening

© 2023 Nunki Puspita Utomo et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Keywords
diagnostic, pediatric, retinoblastoma, screening