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Occupational burnout among teachers: is it seasonal?

Nada Marić
Nada Marić
, 
Stefan Mandić-Rajčević
Stefan Mandić-Rajčević
, 
Nataša Maksimović
Nataša Maksimović
 and 
Petar Bulat
Petar Bulat
   | Sep 30, 2022
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Article Category: Original article
Published Online: Sep 30, 2022
Page range: 233 - 240
Received: Aug 01, 2021
Accepted: Jul 01, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/aiht-2022-73-3582
© 2022 Nada Marić, Stefan Mandić-Rajčević, Nataša Maksimović, and Petar Bulat, published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Prevalence (number and percentage) of low, moderate, and occupational burnout by dimensions and sociodemographic and job characteristics

Enotional exhaustion Depersonalisation Personal accomplishment
Sociodemographic Group 1 Group 2 Group 1 Group 2 Group 1 Group 2
and occupational characteristics Low N (%) Moderate N (%) High N (%) P Low N (%) Moderate N (%) High N (%) p Low N (%) Moderate N (%) High N p (%) Low N (%) Moderate N (%) High N (%) p Low N (%) Moderate N (%) High N (%) P Low N (%) Moderate N (%) High N (%) P
Gender
Female 24 (27.6) 1 (16.7) 2 (44.7) .272 151 (69.6) 5 (71.4) 4 (57.1) .775 25 (28.1) 1 (25.0) 1 .971 (33.3) 160 (69.3) 3 3 / 4 (31.2) 8 (28.0) 14 (20.2) .943 34 (52.0) 41 (68.3) 85 (74.0) .135
Male 63 (72.4) 5 (83.3) 1 (33.3) 66 (30.4) 2 (28.6) 3 (42.9) 64 (71.9) 3 (75.0) 2 (66.7) 71 (30.7) 3 3 11 (68.8) 20 (71.4) 38 (70.1) 23 (40.4) 19 (01.7) 29 (25.4)
Age (years)
<35 (34 39.1) (16.1 7) 3 .186 (20.745 ) (141 -3) (141 .3) .860 (3733 .1) (251 -0) .683 (20.347 ) 3 3 / (376 -5) (42.912 ) (32.717 ) .809 _(159 -8) (2616 -7) (1922 .3) .422
36-45 28 (32.2) 4 (66-7) 3 (100) 81 (37.3) 4 (57.1) 3 (42.9) 31 (34-8) 3 (8.6) 88 (38.1) 3 3 6 (37-5) 9 (31.1) 20 _(38-5) 26 _(45-6)_ 22 (36-7) 40 (35.1)
46-55 14 (16.1) 1 (16-7) 0 91 (41.9) 2 (28-6) 3 (42.9) 14 (15-7) 0 96 (41.6) 3 3 1 (6-2) 4 (14-3) 10 (19.2) 22(38-6) 2 (38-6) 52 (45.6)
>56 (12.611 ) 3 0 3 3 0 11(12-4) 0 3 3 3 (18.33 ) (103 .7) (9.65 ) 0 0 0
Marital status
Married/Cohabiting (24 27.6) 3 (33.31 ) .507 _(62135 -2) (715 -4) 5(71.4) .854 (25 28.1) 0 0 .169 __(145 62-8) 3 3 / (315 .2) ( 25.07 ) (2513 .0) .987 (64.937 ) ( 55.033 ) (6575 -8) .708
Single 57 (65.5) 6 (100) 2 (66.7) 64 (29.5) 2 (28-6) 2 (28-6) _( 59 66-3)_ 4 (100) 2 (66-7)___________ 68 (29.4) 3 3 10 (62-5) 19 (67-9) 36 (69-2) 16 (28.1) 21 (35-0) 31 (27.2)
Divorced/Widowed 5 (6.9) 0 3 18(8.3) 3 0 5 (5.6) 0 1 (33.3) 18 (7.8) 3 3 1 (6-2) ( 2 7.1) 3 (5.8) 4 6 (10.0) 8 (7.0)
Children
Yes 55 (63.2) 5 (83.3) 2 (66.7) .607 146 (67.3) 5 (71.4) 5 (71.4) .950 55 (61.8) 4 (100.) 3 (100) .126 156 (67.5) 0 0 / 11 (68.8) 18 (64.3) .927 39 (68.4) 41 (68.3) 76 (66.7)
No 32 (36.8) 1 (16.7) 1 (33.3) 71 (32.7) 2 (28.6) 2 (28.6) 34 (38.2) 0 0 75 (32.5) 0 0 5 (31.2) 10 (35.7) 18 (31.6) 19 (31.7) 38 (33.3)
Workplace
Primary school (41 47.1) (161 -7) (33.31 ) .609 (125 57-6)_ (715 -4) (856 -7) .605 _( 4339 -8) (1004 ) 0 .000 (136 58-8) 3 3 / (376 -5) (39.311 ) (5026 .0) .460 (5431 -2) ( 54.232 ) (64.673 ) .285
Secondary school 44 (50.6) 4 (83.3) 2 (66-7) 90 _(41-5) 2 (28-6) 1 (143) 49 (55.l) 0 2 (66-7)___________ 93(40.3) 3 3 9 (56-2) ( 16 57.1) 26 (50.0) 26 (45.l) 27 (45.8 40 ) (35-4)
Combined (2 2.3) 3 3 (02 -9) 2 0 1 (1.1) 0 (33.31 ) (0,2 9) 3 3 (61 -2) ( 3.61 ) 0 (0.72 ) 0 0
Years of work
<10 44 (50-6) 1 (16-7) 2 (66-7) .125 61 (28.1) 3 (42.9) 2 (28-6)_ .860 45 (5.6) 1 (25-0) 1 772 (33.3) 66 (28-6)_ 3 3 8 (50-0) 13 (46.4) 26 (50.0) .974 15(26.3) 17 (28.3) 34 (29.8) .939
11-20 28 (32.2) 5 (83.3) 1 (33.3) 85 (39.2) 3 (42.9) 0 (42.9) 31 (34-8) 2 (50-0) 1 (33.3) 91 (39-4)_ 3 3 5 (31.2) ( 10 35.7) 19 (36-5) 25 _(43-9) 24 (40.0) 42 (36-8)
>20 15 (17.2) 3 3 71 (32.7) 1 (14.3) 2 (28.6) 13 1 (25-0) 1 (33.3 74 (32.0) 3 3 3 (18.8) 5 (17.9) 7 -(13-5) 17 (29.8) 19 (31.7) 38 (33.3)
Over time hours per week
Never 58 (66-7) 1 (16-7) 1 (33.3) .000 153 (70-5) 3 (42.9) 5 (71.4) .573 58 (65.2) 1 (25-0) 1 123 (33.3) 161 __(69-7) 3 3 / 9 (56-2) 14 (50-0) 37 (71-2) .375 36 _(63-2) 42 (70.0) 83 (72.8) .372
<10 h 27 (31.0) 5 (83.3) 3 61 (28.1) 4 (57.1) 5 (71.4) _( 28 31-5) 2 (50-0) 2 (66-7) 67 (29.0) 3 3 6 (37-5) 13 (46.4) 13 (25.0) 19 (33.3) 18 (30.0) 30 (33.3)
>10 h 2 (2.3) 3 2 (66-7) 3 P-4) 0 0 3 (3-4)_ 1 (25-0) 3 3 P-3) 3 3 1 (6.3) ( 1 3.6) 2 (3-8) 2 (3-5) / 1 (0-9)

Occupational burnout (MBI-HSS)

Occupational burnout Group 1 (beginning of the school year 2018/19) Group 2 (end of the school year 2018/19) p
N (%) N (%)
Emotional exhaustion
            Low 87 (90.6) 217 (93.9) .396
            Moderate 6 (6.2) 7 (3.0)
            High 3 (3.1) 7 (2.1)
Depersonalisation
            Low 89 (92.7) 231 (100) .000
            Moderate 4 (4.2) 0
            High 3 (3.1) 0
Personal accomplishment
            Low 16 (16.7) 57 (24.7) .284
            Moderate 28 (29.2) 60 (26.0)
            High 52 (54.1) 114 (49.4)

Occupational burnout scores by dimension and sociodemographic and job characteristics

Emotional exhaustion Depersonalisation Personal accomplishment
Sociodemographic and job characteristies Group 1 Group 2 Group 1 Group 2 Group 1 Group 2
Median (min—max) p Median (min—max) P Median (min—max) P Median (min—max) p Median (min—max) P Median (min—max) P
Gender
Female (5.00 0-34) .922 11.00 (0-47) .705 (0.00 0-14) .845 (01.0 -20) .076 (39.00 12-48) .648 40.00 (7-48) .020
Male 7.00 (0-32) 9.0 (0-54) 1.00 (0-40) 1.0 (0-30) 40.00 (0-48) 36.00 (0-48)
Age (years)
<35 (7.00 0-20) .461 (9.00 0-43) .664 (0.00 0-40) .144 (1.00 0-15) .671 38.00 (0-48) .902 (37.00 12-47) .309
36-45 6.00 (0-34) 10.00 (0-54) 1.00 (0-14) 1.00 (0-30) 40.00 (20-48) 36.50 (0-48)
46-55 8.00 (0-20) 12.00 (0-47) 0.00 (0-14) 1.00 (0-20) 41.00 (25-47) 39.50 (13-48)
>56 5.00 (0-14) 0.0 34.00 (12-47)
Marital status
Married/Cohabiting (5.00 0-34) .467 11.00 (0-54) .407 0.00 (0-6) .148 (01.0 -30) .599 (39.00 26-48) .575 39.00 (0-48) .788
Single 7.00 (0-32) 9.50 (0-43) 1.00 (0-40) 1.00 (0-21) 40.00 (0-48) 38.00 (12-48)
Divorced/ Widowed 7.00 (0-14) 9.50 (0-26) 1.00 (0-14) 2.00 (0-12) 37.50 (30-42) 37.00 (17-48)
Children
Yes (6.50 0-32) .377 11.00 (0-54) .402 (1.00 0-40) .010 (1.00 0-30) .360 39.00 (0-48) .339 38.00 (0-48) .893
No 5.00 (0-34) 10.00 (0-43) 0.00 (0-6) 1.00 (0-21) 40.00 (26-48) 39.00 (12-48)
Workplace
Primary school (5.00 0-34) .014 10.00 (0-54) .386 (0.00 0-10) .602 (1.00 0-30) .028 (41.00 23-48) .122 40.50 (0-48) .149
Secondary school 8.00 (0-32) 10.00 (0-44) 1.00 (0-14) 2.00 (0-19) 39.00 (12-48) 37.00 (12-48)
Combined 2.50 (2-3) 20.00 (19-21) 20.00 (0-40) ( 3.00 1-5) 18.50 (0-37) 37.00 (34-40)
Years of work
<10 (8.00 0-34) 049 (8.00 0-43) .511 (1.00 0-40) .908 (1.00 0-11) .960 (039.00 -4487) .526 39.50 (0-47) .539
11-20 7.50 (0-324) 10.00 (0-54) 1.00 (0-30) 1.00 (0-30) 40.50 (20-48) 37.00 (5-48)
>20 5.00 (0-14) 9.00 (0-47) 1.00 (0-16) 0.00 (0-16) 37.00 (12-47) 39.00 (13-48)
Overtime hours per week
Never (5.00 0-27) .012 (9.00 0-54) .010 (0.00 0-40) .483 (1.00 0-30) .016 41.00 (0-48) .186 39.00 (0-48) .266
<10 h 7.50 (0-24) 17.00 (0-47) 1.00 (0-14) 2.00 (0-20) 37.50 (20-48) 37.00 (7-48)
>10 h 21.50 (9-34) 7.00 (0-21) 2.00 (0-8) 0.00 38.00 (28-41) 25.00 (21-42)

Sociodemographic and job characteristics by respondent groups

Socio-demographic characteristics All Group 1 (beginning of the school year 2018/19) Group 2 (end of the school year 2018/19)
             N (%) N (%) N (%) p
Gender
            Female 187 (57.2) 27 (28.1) 160 (69.3) .000
            Male 140 (42.8) 69 (71.9) 71 (30.7)
Age (years)
            <35 82 (25.1) 35 (36.5) 47 (20.3) .000
            36–45 123 (37.6) 35 (36.5) 88 (38.1)
            46–55 111 (33.9) 15 (15.5) 96 (41.6)
            >56 11 (3.4) 11 (11.5) 0
Marital status
            Married/cohabiting 170 (52.0) 25 (26.0) 145 (62.8) .000
            Single 133 (40.7) 65 (67.7) 68 (29.4)
            Divorced/Widowed 24 (7.3) 6 (6.3) 18 (7.8)
Children
            Yes 218 (66.7) 62 (64.6) 156 (67.5) .699
            No 109 (33.3) 34 (35.4) 75 (32.5)
Workplace
            Primary school 179 (54.7) 43 (44.8) 136 (58.9) .054
            Secondary school 144 (44.0) 51 (53.1) 93 (40.3)
            Combined 4 (1.2) 2 (2.1) 2 (0.8)
Years of work
            <10 113 (34.6) 47 (49.0) 66 (28.6) .001
            11–20 125 (38.2) 34 (35.4) 91 (39.4)
            >20 89 (27.2) 15 (15.6) 74 (32.0)
Overtime hours per week
            Never 221 (67.6) 60 (62.5) 161 (69.7) .170
            to 10 h 99 (30.3) 32 (33.3) 67 (29.0)
            >10 h 7 (2.1) 4 (4.2) 3 (1.3)

Occupational burnout scores by dimension (MBI-HSS)

Occupational burnout scale scores Group 1 (beginning of the school year 2018/19) Group 2 (end of the school year 2018/19) p
Mean (SD) Median (min–max) Mean (SD) Median (min–max)
Emotional exhaustion 7.98 (6.96) 6.00 (0–34) 13.17 (10.59) 10.00 (0–54) .000
Depersonalisation 2.05 (4.76) 1.00 (0–40) 2.87 (4.50) 1.00 (0–30) .038
Personal accomplishment 38.18 (8.07) 39.00 (0–48) 36.41 (9.46) 38.00 (0–48) .210
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