<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<sec><h3>Introduction</h3>
<p>Appropriate nutrition is an element affecting the metabolic control of patients with diabetes. There are only a few studies assessing the implementation of dietary recommendations in adult patients with type 1 diabetes; none of them assessed the implementation of nutritional standards. Our study aimed to assess the implementation of dietary recommendations and their relation to metabolic control in adults with T1DM treated with personal insulin pumps.</p>
</sec>
<sec><h3>Materials and Methods</h3>
<p>The study included 48 adult patients who were divided into two subgroups and compared, based on HbA1c above and below 6.5%. Each patient's nutrient, vitamin, and mineral intake was assessed on self-reported 3-day 24-hour surveys of food consumption. Records were introduced into the dietetic software DietaPro, (source: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="http://www.dietapro.eu/">http://www.dietapro.eu/</ext-link>) which revealed nutrient content. We evaluated the percentage of patients with nutrient consumption below recommended values based on current recommendations.</p>
</sec>
<sec><h3>Results</h3>
<p>The studied population was characterized by insufficient consumption of most nutrients and vitamins: sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper, iodine, manganese, vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, folate, vitamin B12, vitamin C. Patients’ diet did supply correct amounts of phosphorus, and too much fatty acid and cholesterol. There were no statistically significant differences in most of the nutrient intakes across the two groups. Nevertheless, we observed a significant difference in the polyunsaturated fatty acids, sodium, niacin, and calcium intakes.</p>
</sec>
<sec><h3>Conclusions</h3>
<p>The studied patients consumed too much saturated fatty acid and dietary cholesterol. The consumption amounts of most nutrients and vitamins were associated with the risk of deficiency. The obtained results indicate the need for further dietary education for patients with T1DM.</p>
</sec>
</abstract>

Introduction
Appropriate nutrition is an element affecting the metabolic control of patients with diabetes. There are only a few studies assessing the implementation of dietary recommendations in adult patients with type 1 diabetes; none of them assessed the implementation of nutritional standards. Our study aimed to assess the implementation of dietary recommendations and their relation to metabolic control in adults with T1DM treated with personal insulin pumps.

Materials and Methods
The study included 48 adult patients who were divided into two subgroups and compared, based on HbA1c above and below 6.5%. Each patient's nutrient, vitamin, and mineral intake was assessed on self-reported 3-day 24-hour surveys of food consumption. Records were introduced into the dietetic software DietaPro, (source: http://www.dietapro.eu/) which revealed nutrient content. We evaluated the percentage of patients with nutrient consumption below recommended values based on current recommendations.

Results
The studied population was characterized by insufficient consumption of most nutrients and vitamins: sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper, iodine, manganese, vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, folate, vitamin B12, vitamin C. Patients’ diet did supply correct amounts of phosphorus, and too much fatty acid and cholesterol. There were no statistically significant differences in most of the nutrient intakes across the two groups. Nevertheless, we observed a significant difference in the polyunsaturated fatty acids, sodium, niacin, and calcium intakes.

Conclusions
The studied patients consumed too much saturated fatty acid and dietary cholesterol. The consumption amounts of most nutrients and vitamins were associated with the risk of deficiency. The obtained results indicate the need for further dietary education for patients with T1DM.

Assessment of dietary intake by self-report in adult patients with type 1 diabetes treated with a personal insulin pump

Students’ Scientific Group, Department of Metabolic Diseases

Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Introduction
Appropriate nutrition is an element affecting the metabolic control of patients with diabetes. There are only a few studies assessing the...

Assessment of dietary intake by self-report in adult patients with type 1 diabetes treated with a personal insulin pump

Article Category: Original Study

Published Online: Aug 09, 2022

Page range: 315 - 323

Received: Dec 02, 2021

Accepted: Apr 07, 2022

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ahem-2022-0040

Keywords
diabetes type 1, dietary recommendations, personal insulin pumps, hemoglobin A1C, vitamins, minerals, nutrients

© 2022 Katarzyna Zięba et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Assessment of dietary intake by self-report in adult patients with type 1 diabetes treated with a personal insulin pump

Article Category: Original Study

Published Online: Aug 09, 2022

Page range: 315 - 323

Received: Dec 02, 2021

Accepted: Apr 07, 2022

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ahem-2022-0040

Keywordsdiabetes type 1, dietary recommendations, personal insulin pumps, hemoglobin A1C, vitamins, minerals, nutrients

© 2022 Katarzyna Zięba et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Keywords
diabetes type 1, dietary recommendations, personal insulin pumps, hemoglobin A1C, vitamins, minerals, nutrients