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Effect of amygdalin on MCF-7, MDA-MB-231 and T-47D breast cancer cells in the in vitro study

Aleksandra Zielińska
Aleksandra Zielińska
, 
Justyna Płonka-Czerw
Justyna Płonka-Czerw
, 
Agnieszka Nowak
Agnieszka Nowak
 and 
Dariusz Kuśmierz
Dariusz Kuśmierz
   | Apr 25, 2022
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Article Category: Original Study
Published Online: Apr 25, 2022
Page range: 132 - 142
Received: Mar 30, 2021
Accepted: Jan 12, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ahem-2022-0013
Keywords
© 2022 Aleksandra Zielińska et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Fig. 1

Comparison of the chemical structure of amygdalin and laetrile.
Comparison of the chemical structure of amygdalin and laetrile.

Fig. 2

Comparison of the confluence degree between the cell cultures treated with amygdalin at a concentration of 50 mg/ml and the control cultures – not treated with amygdalin. The microscopic image [100x] was collected after 48 hours of cell cultures incubation. Scale bar = 100 μm.
Comparison of the confluence degree between the cell cultures treated with amygdalin at a concentration of 50 mg/ml and the control cultures – not treated with amygdalin. The microscopic image [100x] was collected after 48 hours of cell cultures incubation. Scale bar = 100 μm.

Fig. 3

The effect of different doses of amygdalin (0 – 100 mg/ml) on the percentage of attached, viable cells (CVDE test), on the metabolic activity of cells (WST-1 test) and on the percentage of dying cells (LDH test) in the HFF-1, T-47D, MDA-MB-231, and MCF-7 in vitro cultures. Statistical significance means p <0.05 (*).
The effect of different doses of amygdalin (0 – 100 mg/ml) on the percentage of attached, viable cells (CVDE test), on the metabolic activity of cells (WST-1 test) and on the percentage of dying cells (LDH test) in the HFF-1, T-47D, MDA-MB-231, and MCF-7 in vitro cultures. Statistical significance means p <0.05 (*).

Fig. 4

The effect of amygdalin at a concentration of 50 mg/ml on the BAX, BCL2, and caspase-3 mRNA level in human breast cancer cells (T-47D, MDA-MB-231, MCF-7) and normal dermal fibroblasts in vitro compared to control (cell cultures not treated with amygdalin). Statistical significance means p <0.05 (*).
The effect of amygdalin at a concentration of 50 mg/ml on the BAX, BCL2, and caspase-3 mRNA level in human breast cancer cells (T-47D, MDA-MB-231, MCF-7) and normal dermal fibroblasts in vitro compared to control (cell cultures not treated with amygdalin). Statistical significance means p <0.05 (*).

Fig. 5

The BAX/BCL2 ratio (BAX mRNA copy number/BCL-2 mRNA copy number) in culture cells treated with amygdalin (at concentration of 50 mf/ml) compared to control (culture cells not treated with amygdalin). Statistical significance means p <0.05 (*).
The BAX/BCL2 ratio (BAX mRNA copy number/BCL-2 mRNA copy number) in culture cells treated with amygdalin (at concentration of 50 mf/ml) compared to control (culture cells not treated with amygdalin). Statistical significance means p <0.05 (*).

Human cell lines used in the study.

Cells characteristics Cel lines*
T-47D MCF-7 MDA-MB-231 HFF-1
Morphology Ephithelial Ephithelial Ephithelial Fibroblasts
Tissue Mammary gland/derived from metastatic site: pleural effusion Mammary gland/derived from metastatic site: pleural effusion Mammary gland/derived from metastatic site: pleural effusion Skin: foreskin
Disease Ductal carcinoma/estrogen-dependent Adenocarcinoma/estrogen-dependent Adenocarcinoma/estrogen-independent Normal
Donor 54 years adult/female 69 years adult/female 51 years adult/female Newborn/male

Nucleotide sequences of the primers used in the RT-qPCR reaction.

Primer name Nucleotide sequence Transcript detected GenBank database access number
KAS3F 5′-GGCCTGCCGTGGTACAGAACTGG-3′ CASP3 mRNA NM032991
KAS3R 5′-AGCGACTGGATGAACCAGGAGCCA-3′
BAXF 5′-CCTGTGCACCAAGGTGCCGGAACT-3′ BAX mRNA L22474
BAXR 5′-CCACCCTGGTCTTGGATCCAGCCC-3′
BCL-2F 5′-TTGTGGCCTTCTTTGAGTTCGGTG-3′ BCL2 mRNA M14745
BCL-2R 5′-GGTGCCGGTTCAGGTACATCAGTCA-3′
18SrRNAF 5′-CAGTTATGGTTCCTTTGGTCGCTC-3′ 18S rRNA M10098
18SrRNAR 5′-GTTGATAGGGCAGACGTTCGAATG-3′
eISSN:
1732-2693
Language:
English
Publication timeframe:
Volume Open
Journal Subjects:
Life Sciences, Molecular Biology, Microbiology and Virology, Medicine, Basic Medical Science, Immunology
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