Cite

[1] Belcaro G et al. Investigation of Pycnogenol® in combination with coenzymeQ10 in heart failure patients (NYHA II/III). Panminerva Med. 2010;52(2 Suppl 1):21-5. Search in Google Scholar

[2] Bozdag-Dundar O et al. Synthesis of hypoglycemic activity of some new flavone derivatives. 4th communications: 6 flavonyl- 2,4-thiazolidinediones. Arzneimittelforschung. 2001;51:623- 627. 10.1055/s-0031-1300091Search in Google Scholar

[3] Bucala R, Tracey K., Cerami A. Advanced glycosylation products quench nitric oxide and mediate defective endotheliumdependent vasodilation in experimental diabetes. J Clin Invest. 1991;87:432-438. 10.1172/JCI115014Search in Google Scholar

[4] Cai H, Harrison, DG. Endothelial dysfunction in cardiovascular diseases: the role of oxidant stress. Circ Res. 2000;87(10):840-4. 10.1161/01.RES.87.10.840Search in Google Scholar

[5] Cesarone MR et al. Improvement of diabetic microangiopathy with pycnogenol: A prospective, controlled study. Angiology. 2006;57(4):431-6. 10.1177/0003319706290318Search in Google Scholar

[6] Cosentino F, Lüscher TF. Endothelial function in coronary artery disease. Cardiologia. 1997;42(12):1221-7. Search in Google Scholar

[7] Chang KS, Stevens WC. Endothelium-dependent increase in vascular sensitivity to phenylephrine in long-term streptozotocin diabetic rat aorta. Br J Pharmacol. 1992;107(4):983–990. 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1992.tb13395.xSearch in Google Scholar

[8] Chatterjeea A, Catravas JD. Endothelial nitric oxide (NO) and its pathophysiologic regulation. Vascular Pharmacology. 2008; 49(4-6):134-140. 10.1016/j.vph.2008.06.008Search in Google Scholar

[9] Cheynier V et al. Size separation of condensed tannins by normal phase high performance liquid chromatography. Methods Enzymol. 1998;299:178–184. 10.1016/S0076-6879(99)99018-3Search in Google Scholar

[10] Choudhary SK et al. Comprehensive Evaluation of Anti-hyperglycemic Activity of Fractionated Momordica charantia Seed Extract in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2012; doi:10.1155/2012/293650 10.1155/2012/293650354152423320026Search in Google Scholar

[11] Cosentino F et al. High glucose increases nitric oxide synthase expression and superoxide anion generation in human aortic endothelial cells. Circulation. 1997;96:25. 10.1161/01.CIR.96.1.259236411Search in Google Scholar

[12] Davis BJ et al. Activation of the AMP-Activated Kinase by Antidiabetes Drug Metformin Stimulates Nitric Oxide Synthesis In Vivo by Promoting the Association of Heat Shock Protein 90 and Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase. Diabetes. 2006;55:496-505. 10.2337/diabetes.55.02.06.db05-106416443786Search in Google Scholar

[13] Elrod JW et al. Cardiomyocyte-Specific Overexpression of NO Synthase- 3 Protects Against Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. 2006;26:1517- 1523. 10.1161/01.ATV.0000224324.52466.e616645153Search in Google Scholar

[14] Fitzpatrick DF et al. Endothelium dependent vascular effects of Pycnogenol. Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology. 1998; 32:509–515. 10.1097/00005344-199810000-000019781917Search in Google Scholar

[15] Hamden K et al. Combined vitamins (C and E) and insulin improve oxidative stress and pancreatic and hepatic injury in alloxan diabetic rats. Biomed Pharmacother. 2009;63(2):95-9. 10.1016/j.biopha.2008.02.00118358681Search in Google Scholar

[16] Hlavačková L et al. The Effect of Indapamide on Development of Myocardial Hypertrophy and Fibrosis in L-NAME-Induced Hypertension in Rat. Physiol. Res. 2011;60:845-852. 10.33549/physiolres.93220121995907Search in Google Scholar

[17] Jankyova S et al. Glucose and blood pressure lowering effects of Pycnogenol® are inefficient to prevent prolongation of QT interval in experimental diabetic cardiomyopathy. Pathol Res Pract. 2012;208(8):452-7. 10.1016/j.prp.2012.05.01022749577Search in Google Scholar

[18] Jankyova S et al. Pycnogenol efficiency on glycaemia, motor nerve conduction velocity and markers of oxidative stress in mild type diabetes in rats. Phytother Res. 2009;23(8):1169-74. 10.1002/ptr.277619165752Search in Google Scholar

[19] Jay D, Hitomi H, Griendling KK. Oxidative stress and diabetic cardiovascular complications. Free radical Biology &Medicine. 2006;40:183-192. 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2005.06.01816413400Search in Google Scholar

[20] Kasiviswanath R, Ramesh A, Kumar KE. Hypoglycemic and antihyperglycemic effect of Gmelina asiatica LINN. in normal and in alloxan induced diabetic rats. Biol Pharm Bull. 2005;28(4):729-32. 10.1248/bpb.28.72915802818Search in Google Scholar

[21] Klimas J et al. Pycnogenol improves left ventricular function in streptozotocin-induced diabetic cardiomyopathy in rats. Phytother Res. 2010;24(7):969-74. 10.1002/ptr.301519957251Search in Google Scholar

[22] Kolacek M et al. Effect of natural polyphenols, pycnogenol® on superoxide dismutase and nitric oxide synthase in diabetic rats. Prague Med Rep. 2010;111(4):279-88. Search in Google Scholar

[23] Krenek P et al. Increased expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase and caveolin-1 in the aorta of rats with isoproterenol- induced cardiac hypertrophy. Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 2006;84(12):1245-50. 10.1139/y06-07317487232Search in Google Scholar

[24] Lin KY et al. Impaired nitric oxide synthase pathway in diabetes mellitus: role of asymmetric dimethylarginine and dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase. Circulation. 2002;106:987. 10.1161/01.CIR.0000027109.14149.67Search in Google Scholar

[25] Lin LY et al. Up-regulation of the association between heat shock protein 90 and endothelial nitric oxide synthase prevents high glucose-induced apoptosis in human endothelial cells. J Cell Biochem. 2005;94:194–201. 10.1002/jcb.20195Search in Google Scholar

[26] Liu X, Zhou HJ, Rohdewald P. French Maritime Pine Bark Extract Pycnogenol Dose-Dependently Lowers Glucose in Type 2 diabetic Patients. Diabetes Care. 2004;27:893-896. 10.2337/diacare.27.3.839Search in Google Scholar

[27] Maiti R, Das UK, Ghosh D. Attenuation of hyperlycemia and hyperlipidemia in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats by aqueous extract of seed of Tarmarindus indica. Biol Pharm Bull. 2005;28:1172-1176. 10.1248/bpb.28.1172Search in Google Scholar

[28] Maritim A, Sanders RA, Watkins JBIII. Oxidative stress and diabetic complications: A review. J Biochem Mol Toxicol. 2003;17:24-48. 10.1002/jbt.10058Search in Google Scholar

[29] Packer L et al. Antioxidant activity and biologic properties of a procyanidin-rich extract from pine (Pinus maritima) bark, pycnogenol. Free radical biology & medicine. 1999;27:704-724. 10.1016/S0891-5849(99)00090-8Search in Google Scholar

[30] Parveen K et al. Protective effects of Pycnogenol on hyperglycemia- induced oxidative damage in the liver of type 2 diabetic rats. Chem Biol Interact. 2010;186(2):219-27. 10.1016/j.cbi.2010.04.02320433812Search in Google Scholar

[31] Pieper GM et al. Reversal by L-arginine of a dysfunctional arginine/ nitric oxide pathway in the endothelium of the genetic diabetic BB rat. Diabetologia. 1997;40:910. 10.1007/s0012500507679267985Search in Google Scholar

[32] Rosei EA, Rizzoni D. Small artery remodelling in diabetes. J Cell Mol Med. 2010;14(5):1030-6. Search in Google Scholar

[33] Ryan EA, Pick ME, Marceau C. Use of alternative medicines in diabetes mellitus. Diabetic Medicine. 2001;18(3):242–245. 10.1046/j.1464-5491.2001.00450.x11318847Search in Google Scholar

[34] Schäfer A, Högger P. Oligomeric procyanidins of French maritime pine bark extract (Pycnogenol) effectively inhibit alpha-glucosidase. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2007;77(1):41-6. 10.1016/j.diabres.2006.10.01117098323Search in Google Scholar

[35] Sekar, D, Sivagnanam K, Subramanian S. Antidiabetic activity of Momordica charantia seeds on streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Pharmazie. 2004;60:383–387. Search in Google Scholar

[36] Srinivasan S et al. Hyperglycaemia-induced superoxide production decreases eNOS expression via AP-1 activation in aortic endothelial cells. Diabetologia. 2004;47:1727. 10.1007/s00125-004-1525-1Search in Google Scholar

[37] Stuard S. et al. Kidney function in metabolic syndrome may be improved with Pycnogenol®. Panminerva Med. 2010;52(2 Suppl 1):27-32. Search in Google Scholar

[38] Virgili F, Kim D, Packer L. Procyanidins extracted from pine bark protect α-tocopherol in ECV 304 endothelial cells challenged by activated RAW 264.7 macrophages: role of nitric oxide and peroxynitrite. FEBS letters. 1998; 431(3):315-318. 10.1016/S0014-5793(98)00778-9Search in Google Scholar

[39] Wang Y, Marsden PA. Nitric oxide synthases: gene structure and regulation. Adv. Pharmacol. 1995;34:71–90. Search in Google Scholar

[40] Zibadi S et al. Reduction of cardiovascular risk factors in subjects with type 2 diabetes by Pycnogenol supplementation. Nutrition Research. 2008; 28(5): 315-320. 10.1016/j.nutres.2008.03.00319083426Search in Google Scholar

ISSN:
0301-2298
Language:
English
Publication timeframe:
2 times per year
Journal Subjects:
Pharmacy, other