<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<p>As a result of massive bee deaths in recent years, beekeeping is raising concerns about the presence of pesticides in propolis which is considered as a safe product. The paper is focused on the analysis of bee propolis and propolis-based products using various chromatographic techniques using mass spectrometry detection predominantly. An important part of the work is an overview concerning methods of sample preparation, extraction, and purification of extracts, followed by separation and detection techniques. Positive findings of contaminants and their concentrations in propolis samples and propolis products were evaluated. Sorption based techniques such as matrix solid phase dispersion and solvent-based extraction techniques are frequently applied for propolis analysis in connection with chromatographic techniques. Liquid-based extractions, such as the QuEChERS extraction technique (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, Safe), combine extraction by solvent with several ways of extract cleaning using combinations of salts and sorbents, primary secondary amine, MgSO4, NaCl, graphitized carbon, EMR-lipid, florisil, or octadecylsilane-modified silica gel. Other extraction techniques were reviewed. The most significant problem to be considered in pesticides detection is the topic of matrix effects, which have to be solved for each sample analysis with special care.</p>
</abstract>

As a result of massive bee deaths in recent years, beekeeping is raising concerns about the presence of pesticides in propolis which is considered as a safe product. The paper is focused on the analysis of bee propolis and propolis-based products using various chromatographic techniques using mass spectrometry detection predominantly. An important part of the work is an overview concerning methods of sample preparation, extraction, and purification of extracts, followed by separation and detection techniques. Positive findings of contaminants and their concentrations in propolis samples and propolis products were evaluated. Sorption based techniques such as matrix solid phase dispersion and solvent-based extraction techniques are frequently applied for propolis analysis in connection with chromatographic techniques. Liquid-based extractions, such as the QuEChERS extraction technique (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, Safe), combine extraction by solvent with several ways of extract cleaning using combinations of salts and sorbents, primary secondary amine, MgSO4, NaCl, graphitized carbon, EMR-lipid, florisil, or octadecylsilane-modified silica gel. Other extraction techniques were reviewed. The most significant problem to be considered in pesticides detection is the topic of matrix effects, which have to be solved for each sample analysis with special care.

Analytical methods for pesticide residues determination in propolis and propolis-based products

Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology

Acta Chimica Slovaca

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

As a result of massive bee deaths in recent years, beekeeping is raising concerns about the presence of pesticides in propolis which is considered as a safe...

Analytical methods for pesticide residues determination in propolis and propolis-based products

Published Online: Oct 11, 2022

Page range: 103 - 116

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/acs-2022-0012

Keywords
chromatographic techniques, pesticide residues, propolis, QuEChERS, mass spectrometry

© 2022 Ivana Blažková et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Analytical methods for pesticide residues determination in propolis and propolis-based products

Published Online: Oct 11, 2022

Page range: 103 - 116

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/acs-2022-0012

Keywordschromatographic techniques, pesticide residues, propolis, QuEChERS, mass spectrometry

© 2022 Ivana Blažková et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Keywords
chromatographic techniques, pesticide residues, propolis, QuEChERS, mass spectrometry