Open Access

Ambient Air Quality in Upper Silesia Region Pre-During, and Post-COVID-19 Periods

Ewa Brągoszewska
Ewa Brągoszewska
, 
Anna Mainka
Anna Mainka
 and 
Izabela Biedroń
Izabela Biedroń
   | Dec 31, 2023
Architecture, Civil Engineering, Environment's Cover Image
About this article
Previous Article
Next Article
Cite
Published Online: Dec 31, 2023
Page range: 135 - 148
Received: May 25, 2023
Accepted: Nov 10, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/acee-2023-0057
Keywords
© 2023 Ewa Brągoszewska et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Figure 1.

The red circle on the map represents the localization of the measurement point in Gliwice, Upper Silesia, Southern Poland
The red circle on the map represents the localization of the measurement point in Gliwice, Upper Silesia, Southern Poland

Figure 2.

Daily bacterial aerosol (BA) concentrations and meteorological parameters during randomly selected days of the non-heating season in Gliwice
Daily bacterial aerosol (BA) concentrations and meteorological parameters during randomly selected days of the non-heating season in Gliwice

Figure 3.

PM2.5 concentrations pre-during, and after- COVID-19 periods
PM2.5 concentrations pre-during, and after- COVID-19 periods

Figure 4.

PM2.5 concentrations pre-during, and after- COVID-19 periods
PM2.5 concentrations pre-during, and after- COVID-19 periods

Figure 5.

Shares of emission sources in individual air pollutants in the Silesian province compiled by GIOS, data source: KOBIZE / IOS-PIB
Shares of emission sources in individual air pollutants in the Silesian province compiled by GIOS, data source: KOBIZE / IOS-PIB

Figure 6.

Wind rose diagram for March 2018–2023
Wind rose diagram for March 2018–2023

Figure 7.

PM2.5 concentrations pre-during, and after- COVID-19 periods
PM2.5 concentrations pre-during, and after- COVID-19 periods

Figure 8.

PM2.5 concentrations pre-, during, and after- COVID-19 periods
PM2.5 concentrations pre-, during, and after- COVID-19 periods

Figure 9.

Bacteria aerosol concentrations pre-during, and after-COVID-19 periods
Bacteria aerosol concentrations pre-during, and after-COVID-19 periods

PM2.5, PM10, NO2 and SO2 levels and the percentages change in concentration

COVID-19 period PRE (2018–2019) DURING (2020–2021) POST (2022–2023) CDURING-CPRECPRE {{{{\rm{C}}_{{\rm{DURING}}}}{\text - }{{\rm{C}}_{{\rm{PRE}}}}} \over {{{\rm{C}}_{{\rm{PRE}}}}}} CPOST-CDURINGCDURING {{{{\rm{C}}_{{\rm{POST}}}}{\text -}{{\rm{C}}_{{\rm{DURING}}}}} \over {{{\rm{C}}_{{\rm{DURING}}}}}}
μg m−3 % p % p
PM2.5 avg 39.28 28.35 29.11 −27.8 0.01 +2.7 0.81
min 13.74 9.08 11.08
max 72.57 62.88 61.19
SD 20.67 12.60 11.70
PM10 avg 46.45 40.53 36.72
min 16.33 14.36 17.80 −12.7 0.29 −8.8 0.37
max 87.65 83.13 70.37
SD 24.83 17.88 15.06
NO2 avg 24.05 21.76 27.82 −9.5 0.28 +27.8 0.08
min 10.61 10.55 8.87
max 47.51 42.04 51.97
SD 8.50 8.18 9.17
SO2 avg 14.57 9.62 10.82 −34.0 0.001 +12.5 0.26
min 5.12 5.19 4.59
max 28.19 25.49 17.90
SD 6.70 4.78 3.52

Meteorological conditions in Gliwice, Upper Silesia Poland, during March 2018–202 3

Parameters Year Temperature Relative humidity Atmospheric pressure Wind speed Wind Direction a)
Pre-COVID-19 2018 avg 1.71 71.81 978.94 1.23 SE 23%
min −9.80 57.80 966.95 0.60 S 23%
max 11.10 92.80 992.73 3.11 SW 23%
SD 5.91 8.32 5.93 0.59
2019 avg 6.93 66.02 989.81 1.28 E 19%
min 0.95 53.96 975.03 0.65 S 16%
max 12.03 79.52 1007.29 3.05 W 23%
SD 2.61 7.30 10.06 0.57
Significant difference between PRE and DURING periods *
During-COVID-19 2020 avg 5.9 61.00 960.34 1.64 SE 29%
min −0.74 35.43 971.95 0.70 S 26%
max 12.13 80.35 1008.76 3.22 W 16%
SD 3.71 12.67 10.27 0.64
2021 avg 4.13 71.44 996.46 1.60 S 35%
min −2.24 61.47 983.71 0.53 SW 23%
max 13.29 88.79 1013.38 3.34 W 16%
SD 4.04 7.10 7.71 0.71
Significant difference between DURING and POST periods * * *
Post-COVID-19 2022 avg 4.42 53.65 1001.11 1.35 E 23%
min −0.79 34.83 972.47 0.72 SE 26%
max 10.87 89.29 1015.25 2.64 S 19%
SD 3.59 14.34 9.15 0.45
2023 avg 7.17 66.60 989.64 0.92 SE 26%
min −0.57 48.35 979.50 0.42 S 23%
max 14.87 87.39 998.13 2.61 SW 19%
SD 4.54 10.00 5.81 0.48
Significant difference between PRE and POST periods * *

Spearman correlation coefficients between bacterial aerosol concentrations and environmental parameters

BA PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NO2 T RH P Ws Wd
Pre-COVID-19
BA 1 0.89 0.77 0.63 0.59 −0.27 0.05 −0.13 −0.06 0.11
PM10 1 0.99 0.86 0.89 −0.03 0.31 0.72 −0.49 0.07
PM2.5 1 0.88 0.87 −0.08 0.44 0.66 −0.53 0.06
SO2 1 0.89 0.04 0.13 0.71 −0.53 −0.04
NO2 1 −0.15 0.25 0.82 −0.44 0.19
T 1 −0.45 −0.23 −0.17 −0.45
RH 1 0.33 −0.13 0.23
P 1 −0.23 0.38
Ws 1 0.61
Wd 1
During-COVID-19
BA 1 0.80 0.60 0.58 0.41 0.28 −0.10 −0.27 0.05 −0.02
PM10 1 0.91 0.71 0.34 0.16 −0.36 0.44 −0.54 0.06
PM2.5 1 0.47 0.11 -0.14 −0.18 0.27 −0.40 0.06
SO2 1 0.57 0.31 −0.61 0.28 −0.37 0.11
NO2 1 0.62 −0.27 0.45 −0.23 0.15
T 1 −0.16 0.43 −0.12 0.18
RH 1 −0.28 0.19 0.21
P 1 −0.29 −0.03
Ws 1 0.04
Wd 1
Post-COVID-19
BA 1 0.81 0.67 0.34 0.58 0.41 −0.20 0.13 −0.07 0.09
PM10 1 0.95 0.56 0.85 0.53 −0.35 0.29 0.41 −0.07
PM2.5 1 0.46 0.81 0.41 −0.37 0.37 −0.44 −0.08
SO2 1 0.61 0.21 −0.75 0.70 −0.06 −0.63
NO2 1 0.05 −0.63 0.63 −0.50 −0.07
T 1 −0.44 0.09 −0.52 −0.11
RH 1 −0.82 0.18 0.43
P 1 0.02 0.32
Ws 1 0.01
Wd 1
eISSN:
2720-6947
Language:
English
Publication timeframe:
4 times per year
Journal Subjects:
Architecture and Design, Architecture, Architects, Buildings
Journal RSS Feed