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Spatial Analysis of the Impact of Motor Vehicle Fires on the Urban Environment using the Example of Warsaw

Krystian Szewczyński
Krystian Szewczyński
   | Oct 20, 2023
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Published Online: Oct 20, 2023
Page range: 181 - 191
Received: Aug 11, 2023
Accepted: Sep 01, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/acee-2023-0045
Keywords
© 2023 Krystian Szewczyński, published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Figure 1.

Administrative division of Warsaw with information about population density [30]
Administrative division of Warsaw with information about population density [30]

Figure 2.

Locations of fires of passenger vehicles in the city of Warsaw
Locations of fires of passenger vehicles in the city of Warsaw

Figure 3.

Locations of truck fires in the city of Warsaw
Locations of truck fires in the city of Warsaw

Figure 4.

Locations of bus fires in the city of Warsaw
Locations of bus fires in the city of Warsaw

Figure 5.

Locations of two-wheeler fires in the city of Warsaw
Locations of two-wheeler fires in the city of Warsaw

Basic demographic information about the districts of Warsaw [30]

District Number of residents Area [km2] The density of population [pers./km2]
Bemowo 129169 24.95 5177
Białołęka 153100 73.00 2096
Bielany 133478 32.34 4127
Mokotów 225916 35.42 6378
Ochota 80988 9.72 8332
Praga-Południe 186834 22.38 8348
Praga-Północ 60855 11.31 5381
Rembertów 24670 19.30 1278
Śródmieście 101979 15.57 6550
Targówek 124240 24.33 5106
Ursus 67373 9.35 7198
Ursynów 151432 43.79 3458
Wawer 86399 79.71 1084
Wesoła 26380 22.94 1150
Wilanów 51172 36.73 1393
Włochy 49280 28.63 1721
Wola 151158 19.26 7848
Żoliborz 58633 8.47 6922

Vehicle fires in Warsaw, categorized by districts and type of burning vehicle

District Number of vehicle fires
Passenger vehicles Trucks Buses Two-wheelers
Bemowo 152 13 1 3
Białołęka 220 29 19 5
Bielany 162 14 9 6
Mokotów 378 34 8 9
Ochota 171 5 3 2
Praga-Południe 307 13 4 5
Praga-Północ 191 14 7 6
Rembertów 74 16 2 0
Śródmieście 270 20 10 5
Targówek 284 28 9 4
Ursus 89 11 4 2
Ursynów 239 19 8 4
Wawer 232 31 6 1
Wesoła 56 6 1 0
Wilanów 74 5 1 0
Włochy 155 16 6 1
Wola 233 26 7 7
Żoliborz 112 16 0 1
Warsaw 3399 316 105 61

Application of selected plastics in passenger vehicles [16, 17, 18]

Element Plastics used
Bumper PP, ABS, PC
Seats PUR, PP, PCV
Dashboard PP, ABS, PA, PC, PE
Components of the fuel system PE, POM, PA, PP
Elements under the hood of the car PA, PP, PBT
Car body parts PP, PPE, UP
Internal moldings PP, ABS, PET, POM, PCV
Electrical components PP, PE, PBT, PA, PCV
Headlights PP, PC, ABS, PMMA, UP
Upholstery PCV, PUR, PP, PE
External mouldings ABS, PC, PBT, ASA, PP
Tyres Rubber (PBD, PI)
Others PP, PE, PA

Approximate plastic masses for different vehicle types

Type of plastic The mass of plastics in a given type of vehicle [kg]
Passenger vehicle Truck Bus Two-wheeler
PP 31.2 276.4 234.7 4.1
PUR 27.1 239.3 203.2 3.5
PA 13.2 116.8 99.2 1.7
HDPE 10.9 96.7 82.1 1.4
PVC 10.0 88.6 75.2 1.3
Rubber 26.6 226.2 192.0 3.3

Estimated total quantities of toxic substances emitted due to vehicle fires in Warsaw from 2010 to 2021, categorized by districts, along with the amount of average pollutants per year and per square kilometer

District Amount of toxic substances emitted by vehicle fires [kg] Total pollutants [kg] Average annual pollutants [kg] Average pollutants on the area [kg/km2]
Passenger vehicle Truck Bus Two-wheeler
Bemowo 629.24 476.00 31.09 1.61 1137.94 110.12 45.61
Białołęka 910.74 1061.84 590.62 2.69 2565.90 248.31 35.15
Bielany 670.64 512.61 279.77 3.23 1466.25 141.89 45.34
Mokotów 1564.82 1244.91 248.68 4.84 3063.26 296.44 86.48
Ochota 707.90 183.08 93.26 1.08 985.30 95.35 101.37
Praga-Południe 1270.90 476.00 124.34 2.69 1873.93 181.35 83.73
Praga-Północ 790.69 512.61 217.60 3.23 1524.13 147.50 134.76
Rembertów 306.34 585.84 62.17 0.00 954.35 92.36 49.45
Śródmieście 1117.73 732.30 310.85 2.69 2163.58 209.38 138.96
Targówek 1175.69 1025.22 279.77 2.15 2482.83 240.27 102.05
Ursus 368.44 402.77 124.34 1.08 896.62 86.77 95.90
Ursynów 989.40 695.69 248.68 2.15 1935.92 187.35 44.21
Wawer 960.42 1135.07 186.51 0.54 2282.54 220.89 28.64
Wesoła 231.83 219.69 31.09 0.00 482.60 46.70 21.04
Wilanów 306.34 183.08 31.09 0.00 520.50 50.37 14.17
Włochy 641.66 585.84 186.51 0.54 1414.55 136.89 49.41
Wola 964.56 951.99 217.60 3.77 2137.92 206.90 111.00
Żoliborz 463.65 585.84 0.00 0.54 1050.03 101.62 123.97
Warsaw 14071.00 11570.37 3263.97 32.82 28938.16 2800.47 55.95

Combustion products of selected polymers along with approximate masses of selected pollutants [26, 27, 28, 29]

The type of pollution Approximate mass of combustion product in relation to 1 kg of material mass [g/kg]
PP* PUR PA HDPE PVC Rubber
Benzene 0.90 5.00 5.00 2.00 X X
Toluene 0.26 0.46 0.50 0.26 X X
Formaldehyde 1.16 0.93 0.25 1.16 X X
Acetaldehyde 1.45 1.21 0.19 1.45 X X
Phenol 0.03 0.43 0.01 0.03 X X
Benzoic acid 0.20 7.65 0.32 0.21 X X
Sulfur dioxide X X X X X 20.0
Nitrogen oxide X X X X X 2.50
Hydrogen chloride X X X X 250 11
Hydrogen cyanide X 2.00 2.00 1.00 X X
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