The early predictive value of platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio to hemorrhagic transformation of young acute ischemic stroke

[1] Ekker MS, Boot EM, Singhal AB, Tan KS, Debette S, Tuladhar AM, de Leeuw FE. Epidemiology, aetiology, and management of ischaemic stroke in young adults. Lancet Neurol. 2018; 17(9):790–801. EkkerMS BootEM SinghalAB TanKS DebetteS TuladharAM de LeeuwFE. Epidemiology, aetiology, and management of ischaemic stroke in young adults Lancet Neurol. 2018 17 9 790 801 Search in Google Scholar

[2] Wang X, Lo EH. Triggers and mediators of hemorrhagic transformation in cerebral ischemia. Mol Neurobiol. 2003; 28:229–44. WangX LoEH. Triggers and mediators of hemorrhagic transformation in cerebral ischemia Mol Neurobiol. 2003 28 229 44 Search in Google Scholar

[3] Zan L, Zhang X, Xi Y, Wu H, Song Y, Teng G, et al. Src regulates angiogenic factors and vascular permeability after focal cerebral ischemia–reperfusion. Neuroscience. 2014; 262:118–28. ZanL ZhangX XiY WuH SongY TengG Src regulates angiogenic factors and vascular permeability after focal cerebral ischemia–reperfusion Neuroscience. 2014 262 118 28 Search in Google Scholar

[4] Sussman ES, Connolly ES Jr. Hemorrhagic transformation: a review of the rate of hemorrhage in the major clinical trials of acute ischemic stroke. Front Neurol. 2013; 4:69. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2013.00069 SussmanES ConnollyESJr. Hemorrhagic transformation: a review of the rate of hemorrhage in the major clinical trials of acute ischemic stroke Front Neurol. 2013 4 69 10.3389/fneur.2013.00069 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[5] Hou Y, Carrim N, Wang Y, Gallant RC, Marshall A, Ni H. Platelets in hemostasis and thrombosis: novel mechanisms of fibrinogen-independent platelet aggregation and fibronectin-mediated protein wave of hemostasis. J Biomed Res. 2015; 29:437–44. HouY CarrimN WangY GallantRC MarshallA NiH. Platelets in hemostasis and thrombosis: novel mechanisms of fibrinogen-independent platelet aggregation and fibronectin-mediated protein wave of hemostasis J Biomed Res. 2015 29 437 44 Search in Google Scholar

[6] Oylumlu M, Yıldız A, Oylumlu M, Yüksel M, Polat N, Bilik MZ, et al. Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio is a predictor of in-hospital mortality patients with acute coronary syndrome. Anatol J Cardiol. 2015; 15:277–83. OylumluM YıldızA OylumluM YükselM PolatN BilikMZ Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio is a predictor of in-hospital mortality patients with acute coronary syndrome Anatol J Cardiol. 2015 15 277 83 Search in Google Scholar

[7] Ozgonul C, Sertoglu E, Ayyildiz O, Mumcuoglu T, Kucukevcilioglu M, Gokce G, Durukan AH. Novel biomarkers for patients with idiopathic acute anterior uveitis: neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and platelet to lymphocyte ratio. Int J Ophthalmol. 2017; 10:262–6. OzgonulC SertogluE AyyildizO MumcuogluT KucukevciliogluM GokceG DurukanAH. Novel biomarkers for patients with idiopathic acute anterior uveitis: neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and platelet to lymphocyte ratio Int J Ophthalmol. 2017 10 262 6 Search in Google Scholar

[8] Altintas O, Altintas MO, Tasal A, Kucukdagli OT, Asil T. The relationship of platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio with clinical outcome and final infarct core in acute ischemic stroke patients who have undergone endovascular therapy. Neurol Res. 2016; 38:759–65. AltintasO AltintasMO TasalA KucukdagliOT AsilT. The relationship of platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio with clinical outcome and final infarct core in acute ischemic stroke patients who have undergone endovascular therapy Neurol Res. 2016 38 759 65 Search in Google Scholar

[9] Neurologybranch of Chinese Medical Association, cerebrovascular disease group of Neurology branch of Chinese Medical Association. Guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of acute ischemic stroke in China, 2018. Chin J Neurol. 2018; 51:666–82. Neurologybranch of Chinese Medical Association, cerebrovascular disease group of Neurology branch of Chinese Medical Association Guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of acute ischemic stroke in China, 2018 Chin J Neurol. 2018 51 666 82 Search in Google Scholar

[10] Álvarez-Sabín J, Maisterra O, Santamarina E, Kase CS. Factors influencing haemorrhagic transformation in ischaemic stroke. Lancet Neurol. 2013; 12:689–705. Álvarez-SabínJ MaisterraO SantamarinaE KaseCS. Factors influencing haemorrhagic transformation in ischaemic stroke Lancet Neurol. 2013 12 689 705 Search in Google Scholar

[11] Smajlović D. Strokes in young adults: epidemiology and prevention. Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2015; 11:157–64. SmajlovićD. Strokes in young adults: epidemiology and prevention Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2015 11 157 64 Search in Google Scholar

[12] Ojha R, Huang D, An H, Liu R, Du C, Shen N, et al. Distribution of ischemic infarction and stenosis of intra-and extracranial arteries in young Chinese patients with ischemic stroke. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2015; 15:158. doi: 10.1186/s12872-015-0147-5 OjhaR HuangD AnH LiuR DuC ShenN Distribution of ischemic infarction and stenosis of intra-and extracranial arteries in young Chinese patients with ischemic stroke BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2015 15 158 10.1186/s12872-015-0147-5 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[13] Aigner A, Grittner U, Rolfs A, Norrving B, Siegerink B, Busch MA. Contribution of established stroke risk factors to the burden of stroke in young adults. Stroke. 2017; 48:1744–51. AignerA GrittnerU RolfsA NorrvingB SiegerinkB BuschMA. Contribution of established stroke risk factors to the burden of stroke in young adults Stroke. 2017 48 1744 51 Search in Google Scholar

[14] Mitchell AB, Cole JW, McArdle PF, Cheng Y-C, Ryan KA, Sparks MJ, et al. Obesity increases risk of ischemic stroke in young adults. Stroke. 2015; 46:1690–2. MitchellAB ColeJW McArdlePF ChengY-C RyanKA SparksMJ Obesity increases risk of ischemic stroke in young adults Stroke. 2015 46 1690 2 Search in Google Scholar

[15] von Sarnowski B, Putaala J, Grittner U, Gaertner B, Schminke U, Curtze S, et al. Lifestyle risk factors for ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack in young adults in the Stroke in Young Fabry Patients Study. Stroke. 2013; 44:119–25. von SarnowskiB PutaalaJ GrittnerU GaertnerB SchminkeU CurtzeS Lifestyle risk factors for ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack in young adults in the Stroke in Young Fabry Patients Study Stroke. 2013 44 119 25 Search in Google Scholar

[16] Modjeski KL, Morrell CN. Small cells, big effects: the role of platelets in transplant vasculopathy. J Thromb Thrombolys. 2014; 37:17–23. ModjeskiKL MorrellCN. Small cells, big effects: the role of platelets in transplant vasculopathy J Thromb Thrombolys. 2014 37 17 23 Search in Google Scholar

[17] Xu XR, Zhang D, Oswald BE, Carrim N, Wang X, Hou Y, et al. Platelets are versatile cells: new discoveries in hemostasis, thrombosis, immune responses, tumor metastasis and beyond. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci. 2016; 53:409–30. XuXR ZhangD OswaldBE CarrimN WangX HouY Platelets are versatile cells: new discoveries in hemostasis, thrombosis, immune responses, tumor metastasis and beyond Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci. 2016 53 409 30 Search in Google Scholar

[18] Gasparyan AY, Ayvazyan L, Mukanova U, Yessirkepov M, Kitas GD. The platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio as an inflammatory marker in rheumatic diseases. Ann Lab Med. 2019; 39:345–57. GasparyanAY AyvazyanL MukanovaU YessirkepovM KitasGD. The platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio as an inflammatory marker in rheumatic diseases Ann Lab Med. 2019 39 345 57 Search in Google Scholar

[19] Balta S, Ozturk C. The platelet-lymphocyte ratio: a simple, inexpensive and rapid prognostic marker for cardiovascular events. Platelets. 2015; 26:680–1. BaltaS OzturkC. The platelet-lymphocyte ratio: a simple, inexpensive and rapid prognostic marker for cardiovascular events Platelets. 2015 26 680 1 Search in Google Scholar

[20] Yüksel M, Yıldız A, Oylumlu M, Akyüz A, Aydın M, Kaya H, et al. The association between platelet/lymphocyte ratio and coronary artery disease severity. Anatol J Cardiol. 2016; 15:640–7. YükselM YıldızA OylumluM AkyüzA AydınM KayaH The association between platelet/lymphocyte ratio and coronary artery disease severity Anatol J Cardiol. 2016 15 640 7 Search in Google Scholar

[21] Neuberger U, Möhlenbruch MA, Herweh C, Ulfert C, Bendszus M, Pfaff J. Classification of bleeding events: comparison of ECASS III (European Cooperative Acute Stroke Study) and the new Heidelberg bleeding classification. Stroke. 2017; 48:1983–5. NeubergerU MöhlenbruchMA HerwehC UlfertC BendszusM PfaffJ. Classification of bleeding events: comparison of ECASS III (European Cooperative Acute Stroke Study) and the new Heidelberg bleeding classification Stroke. 2017 48 1983 5 Search in Google Scholar

[22] Yaghi S, Willey JZ, Cucchiara B, Goldstein JN, Gonzales NR, Khatri P, et al. Treatment and outcome of hemorrhagic transformation after intravenous alteplase in acute ischemic stroke: a scientific statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2017; 48:e343–61. YaghiS WilleyJZ CucchiaraB GoldsteinJN GonzalesNR KhatriP Treatment and outcome of hemorrhagic transformation after intravenous alteplase in acute ischemic stroke: a scientific statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Stroke. 2017 48 e343 61 Search in Google Scholar

[23] Nagaraja N, Tasneem N, Shaban A, Dandapat S, Ahmed U, Policeni B, et al. Cerebral microbleeds are an independent predictor of hemorrhagic transformation following intravenous alteplase administration in acute ischemic stroke. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2018; 27:1403–11. NagarajaN TasneemN ShabanA DandapatS AhmedU PoliceniB Cerebral microbleeds are an independent predictor of hemorrhagic transformation following intravenous alteplase administration in acute ischemic stroke J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2018 27 1403 11 Search in Google Scholar

[24] Wang W, Li M, Chen Q, Wang J. Hemorrhagic transformation after tissue plasminogen activator reperfusion therapy for ischemic stroke: mechanisms, models, and biomarkers. Mol Neurobiol. 2015; 52:1572–9. WangW LiM ChenQ WangJ. Hemorrhagic transformation after tissue plasminogen activator reperfusion therapy for ischemic stroke: mechanisms, models, and biomarkers Mol Neurobiol. 2015 52 1572 9 Search in Google Scholar

[25] Sifat AE, Vaidya B, Abbruscato TJ. Blood-brain barrier protection as a therapeutic strategy for acute ischemic stroke. AAPS J. 2017; 19:957–72. SifatAE VaidyaB AbbruscatoTJ. Blood-brain barrier protection as a therapeutic strategy for acute ischemic stroke AAPS J. 2017 19 957 72 Search in Google Scholar

[26] Kerenyi L, Kardos L, Szász J, Szatmári S, Bereczki D, Hegedüs K, Csiba L. Factors influencing hemorrhagic transformation in ischemic stroke: a clinicopathological comparison. Eur J Neurol. 2006; 13:1251–5. KerenyiL KardosL SzászJ SzatmáriS BereczkiD HegedüsK CsibaL. Factors influencing hemorrhagic transformation in ischemic stroke: a clinicopathological comparison Eur J Neurol. 2006 13 1251 5 Search in Google Scholar

[27] Kablau M, Kreisel SH, Sauer T, Binder J, Szabo K, Hennerici MG, Kern R. Predictors and early outcome of hemorrhagic transformation after acute ischemic stroke. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2011; 32:334–41. KablauM KreiselSH SauerT BinderJ SzaboK HennericiMG KernR. Predictors and early outcome of hemorrhagic transformation after acute ischemic stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2011 32 334 41 Search in Google Scholar