| Environment | Residence | (1) Improve home environment and ventilation; (2) eliminate the predisposing factors at home (such as smoke, lampblack, dust, and animals) and preventions; and (3) select residential conditions with elevators if possible |
| Income | (1) Draw up an income and expenditure plan; (2) guide the patient to seek treatment and professional care for free; and (3) seek community resources, government clinics, and social supports |
| Sanitation | (1) Teach patients the effective ways to prevent infection; (2) introduce the term of validity and storage methods of medical products to patients; (3) introduce the disposal of household medical rubbish; and (4) clean and maintain the inhalators |
| Psychosocial domain | Social contact | (1) Encourage patients to have more social contacts and to get out and (2) control social time and frequency to prevent the aggravation of the disease |
| Spirituality | (1) Provide information about diseases and treatment and relieve the anxiety and fear of patients; (2) observe patients’ psychic reaction and behavior change and listen to patients; (3) provide psychological counseling and self-mental hygiene training; (4) relaxation training; (5) self-care ability training; (6) provide training for overcoming psychological obstacles and seeking social supports; and (7) encouragement from medical staffs |
| Caretaking/parenting | (1) Introduce state of illnesses, psychological status, health care of the patient’s desired and care skills and (2) seek family and community resources |
| Physiological domain | Hearing | (1) Avoid noisy activities and environment; (2) not to pick one’s ears; and (3) hearing examination regularly |
| Vision | (1) Guide the patient to take safety protection measures, such as wear glasses, and activity in the adequate lighting and (2) ophthalmologic examination regularly |
| Oral health | (1) Remove local excitation, such as dental tophi, mouth breathing, and smoking; (2) use soft toothbrush and mouthwash after meals to protect gingiva; (3) see a dentist |
| Cognition | (1) Emphasis on importance of COPD disease cognition and (2) health education of relevant knowledge of rehabilitation |
| Pain | (1) The frequency, nature, place, reason, and degree of pain (pain assessment tools);(2) methods to relieve the pain, including deep breathing, imagine, distract attention;(3) physiotherapy: hot compress, physical therapy, and acupuncture; and (4) the effect and side effect of analgesic drugs |
| Skin | (1) Inspect skin irritation and damage and (2) wound care if necessary |
| Neuromusculoskeletal function | (1) Guide patients to turn around on bed and (2) guide right ways of body movement |
| Respiration | (1) Evaluate respiratory morphology, volume, character, and smell of sputum;(2) teach patients methods of effective cough and relieve asthma; (3) respiratory coordination in daily activities; (4) objective, necessity, methods, and considerations of home oxygen therapy; (5) respiratory function exercises, such as abdominal respiration and pursed lip breathing; (6) lung percussion; (7) loosening up activities; and (8) home visit regularly, evaluate training effect, and revise pulmonary rehabilitation training program timely |
| Circulation | (1) Emphasize the importance of monitoring blood gas analysis; (2) measure blood pressure in fixed time interval and position; (3) avoiding factors that induce to catch cold, cold air, overstrain, etc.; and (4) electrocardiographic examination regularly |
| Digestion–hydration | (1) Introduce the pathogeny, clinical manifestation, and nursing of complications of digestive system; (2) reasonable diet and pharmacy under the guidance of professionals; and (3) avoiding predisposing causes such as infection and injury |
| Bowel function | (1) Observe the color, nature, frequency, and volume of bowel; (2) analyze influencing factors of bowel movement, provide guidance on diet, exercise, and health education, and so on; (3) protect perianal skin; (4) abdominal massage; and (5) defecate daily |
| Urinary function | (1) Guide the time and volume of drinking and (2) keep perineal region clean |
| Communicable/infectious condition | (1) Prevention and treatment of respiratory infectious diseases and (2) pulmonary function test regularly |
| Health-related behaviors domain | Nutrition | (1) Dieteric treatment; (2) guide low salt, low fat, protein, light diet, have more meals a day but less food at each; and (3) keep the eating environment clean and tidy |
| Sleep and rest patterns | (1) Analyze the influence factors of interfering sleep, such as psychology, physiology, and illness, discuss the methods to promote sleep with patients; (2) instruct to distract attention, relaxation exercises, and imagination; (3) avoid the influence factors, such as drinking or smoking at bedtime; and (4) introduce the efficacy and side effects of sleeping pills |
| Physical activity | Physical fitness training, such as take a walk regularly; jogging; shadowboxing, and lifting |
| Rehabilitative guidance | (1) The significance and methodology of home rehabilitation and (2) execute correctly comprehensive rehabilitation program at home |
| Personal care | (1) Guide patients self-care skills in daily life and (2) self-monitoring of temperature |
| Health service | (1) Emphasize the importance of self-care, teach patients to take care of themselves and (2) supervise and urge to coincide with treatment planning |
| Substance use | (1) Guide patients to use medicine properly; (2) deal with the expired drugs; and (3) use inhalation and aerosols correctly |
