<abstract xml:lang="en" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><p>The polymorphic P450 (CYP) enzyme superfamily is the most important system involved in the biotransformation of many endogenous and exogenous substances including drugs, toxins, and carcinogens. Genotyping for <italic>CYP</italic> polymorphisms provides important genetic information that help to understand the effects of xenobiotics on human body. For drug metabolism, the most important polymorphisms are those of the genes coding for CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4/5, which can result in therapeutic failure or severe adverse reactions. Genes coding for CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP1B1, and CYP2E1 are among the most responsible for the biotransformation of chemicals, especially for the metabolic activation of pre-carcinogens. There is evidence of association between gene polymorphism and cancer susceptibility. Pathways of carcinogen metabolism are complex, and are mediated by activities of multiple genes, while single genes have a limited impact on cancer risk. Multigenic approach in addition to environmental determinants in large sample studies is crucial for a reliable evaluation of any moderate gene effect. This article brings a review of current knowledge on the relations between the polymorphisms of some CYPs and drug activity/toxicity and cancer risk.</p></abstract>

The polymorphic P450 (CYP) enzyme superfamily is the most important system involved in the biotransformation of many endogenous and exogenous substances including drugs, toxins, and carcinogens. Genotyping for CYP polymorphisms provides important genetic information that help to understand the effects of xenobiotics on human body. For drug metabolism, the most important polymorphisms are those of the genes coding for CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4/5, which can result in therapeutic failure or severe adverse reactions. Genes coding for CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP1B1, and CYP2E1 are among the most responsible for the biotransformation of chemicals, especially for the metabolic activation of pre-carcinogens. There is evidence of association between gene polymorphism and cancer susceptibility. Pathways of carcinogen metabolism are complex, and are mediated by activities of multiple genes, while single genes have a limited impact on cancer risk. Multigenic approach in addition to environmental determinants in large sample studies is crucial for a reliable evaluation of any moderate gene effect. This article brings a review of current knowledge on the relations between the polymorphisms of some CYPs and drug activity/toxicity and cancer risk.

Genetic Polymorphism of Metabolic Enzymes P450 (CYP) as a Susceptibility Factor for Drug Response, Toxicity, and Cancer Risk

Clinical Institute of Laboratory Diagnosis, Zagreb University School of Medicine and University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia

Department of Pharmacology, Zagreb University School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia

Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology

The polymorphic P450 (CYP) enzyme superfamily is the most important system involved in the biotransformation of many endogenous and exogenous substances...

Genetic Polymorphism of Metabolic Enzymes P450 (CYP) as a Susceptibility Factor for Drug Response, Toxicity, and Cancer Risk

Published Online: Jul 06, 2009

Page range: 217 - 242

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/10004-1254-60-2009-1885

Keywords
cancer risk, cytochrome P450, drug metabolism, genotyping, pharmacogenomics, polymorphic allele, xenobiotics

This content is open access.

Genetic Polymorphism of Metabolic Enzymes P450 (CYP) as a Susceptibility Factor for Drug Response, Toxicity, and Cancer Risk

Published Online: Jul 06, 2009

Page range: 217 - 242

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/10004-1254-60-2009-1885

Keywordscancer risk, cytochrome P450, drug metabolism, genotyping, pharmacogenomics, polymorphic allele, xenobiotics

This content is open access.

Keywords
cancer risk, cytochrome P450, drug metabolism, genotyping, pharmacogenomics, polymorphic allele, xenobiotics