This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Elfenbein HA, Ambady N. On the universality and cultural specificity of emotion recognition: a meta-analysis. Psychol Bull 2002;128:203-35.ElfenbeinHAAmbadyN.On the universality and cultural specificity of emotion recognition: a meta-analysis. Psychol Bull2002;128:203-35.10.1037/0033-2909.128.2.20311931516Search in Google Scholar
Juslin PN, Laukka P. Communication of emotions in vocal expression and music performance: different channels, same code? Psychol Bull 2003;129(5):770-814.JuslinPNLaukkaP.Communication of emotions in vocal expression and music performance: different channels, same code?Psychol Bull2003;129(5):770-814.10.1037/0033-2909.129.5.77012956543Search in Google Scholar
Franco F, Itakura S, Pomorska K, Abramowski A, Nikaido K, Dimitriou D. Can children with autism read emotions from the eyes? The eyes test revisited. Res Dev Disabil 2014;35:1015-26.FrancoFItakuraSPomorskaKAbramowskiANikaidoKDimitriouD.Can children with autism read emotions from the eyes? The eyes test revisited. Res Dev Disabil2014;35:1015-26.10.1016/j.ridd.2014.01.03724636022Search in Google Scholar
Yan X, Young A, Andrews T. Cultural similarities and differences in processing facial expressions of basic emotions. J Vis 2015;15:930.YanXYoungAAndrewsT.Cultural similarities and differences in processing facial expressions of basic emotions. J Vis2015;15:930.10.1167/15.12.930Search in Google Scholar
Darwin, C. The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals, 3rd ed. London: Fontana Press; 1999.DarwinC.The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals, 3rd ed. London: Fontana Press; 1999.Search in Google Scholar
Ekman P, Sorenson ER, Friesen WV. Pan-cultural elements in facial displays of emotion. Science 1969;164:86-8.EkmanPSorensonERFriesenWV.Pan-cultural elements in facial displays of emotion. Science1969;164:86-8.10.1126/science.164.3875.865773719Search in Google Scholar
Susskind JM, Lee DH, Cusi A, Feuman R, Grabski W, Anderson AK. Expressing fear enhances sensory acquisition. Nat Neurosci 2008;11:843-50.SusskindJMLeeDHCusiAFeumanRGrabskiWAndersonAK.Expressing fear enhances sensory acquisition. Nat Neurosci2008;11:843-50.10.1038/nn.213818552843Search in Google Scholar
Tomkins SS. Affect, Imagery, Consciousness. The positive affects. Springer: New York, NY; 1962.TomkinsSS.Affect, Imagery, Consciousness. The positive affects. Springer: New York, NY; 1962.Search in Google Scholar
Hu CS, Wang Q, Han T, Weare E, Fu G. Differential emotion attribution to neutral faces of own and other races. Cogn Emot 2017;31:360-8.HuCSWangQHanTWeareEFuG.Differential emotion attribution to neutral faces of own and other races. Cogn Emot2017;31:360-8.10.1080/02699931.2015.109241926465265Search in Google Scholar
Elfenbein HA, Ambady N, Mandal MK, Harizuka S, Kumar S. Cross-cultural patterns in emotion recognition: highlighting design and analytical techniques. Emotion 2002;2:75-84.ElfenbeinHAAmbadyNMandalMKHarizukaSKumarS.Cross-cultural patterns in emotion recognition: highlighting design and analytical techniques. Emotion2002;2:75-84.10.1037/1528-3542.2.1.7512899367Search in Google Scholar
World Health Organization (WHO). The ICD-10 classification for mental behavioural disorders: diagnostic criteria for research. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1993.World Health Organization (WHO)The ICD-10 classification for mental behavioural disorders: diagnostic criteria for research. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1993.Search in Google Scholar
Lozier LM, Vanmeter JW, Marsh AA. Impairments in facial affect recognition associated with autism spectrum disorders: a meta-analysis. Dev Psychopathol 2014;26:933-45.LozierLMVanmeterJWMarshAA.Impairments in facial affect recognition associated with autism spectrum disorders: a meta-analysis. Dev Psychopathol2014;26:933-45.10.1017/S095457941400047924915526Search in Google Scholar
Uljarevic M, Hamilton A. Recognition of emotions in autism: a formal meta-analysis. J Autism Dev Disord 2013;43:1517-26.UljarevicMHamiltonA.Recognition of emotions in autism: a formal meta-analysis. J Autism Dev Disord2013;43:1517-26.10.1007/s10803-012-1695-523114566Search in Google Scholar
Fridenson-Hayo S, Berggren S, Lassalle A, Tal S, Pigat D, Bölte S, et al. Basic and complex emotion recognition in children with autism: cross-cultural findings. Mol Autism 2016;7:52.Fridenson-HayoSBerggrenSLassalleATalSPigatDBölteS. Basic and complex emotion recognition in children with autism: cross-cultural findings. Mol Autism2016;7:52.10.1186/s13229-016-0113-9516882028018573Search in Google Scholar
Fink E, de Rosnay M, Wierda M, Koot HM, Begeer S. Brief report: accuracy and response time for the recognition of facial emotions in a large sample of children with autism spectrum disorders. J Autism Dev Disord 2014;44:2363-8.FinkEde RosnayMWierdaMKootHMBegeerS.Brief report: accuracy and response time for the recognition of facial emotions in a large sample of children with autism spectrum disorders. J Autism Dev Disord2014;44:2363-8.10.1007/s10803-014-2084-z24634064Search in Google Scholar
Nuske HJ, Vivanti G, Dissanayake C. Are emotion impairments unique to, universal, or specific in autism spectrum disorder? A comprehensive review. Cogn Emot 2013;27:1042-61.NuskeHJVivantiGDissanayakeC.Are emotion impairments unique to, universal, or specific in autism spectrum disorder? A comprehensive review. Cogn Emot2013;27:1042-61.10.1080/02699931.2012.76290023387530Search in Google Scholar
Berggren S, Engström AC, Bölte S. Facial affect recognition in autism, ADHD and typical development. Cogn Neuropsychiatry 2016;21:213-27.BerggrenSEngströmACBölteS.Facial affect recognition in autism, ADHD and typical development. Cogn Neuropsychiatry2016;21:213-27.10.1080/13546805.2016.117120527099953Search in Google Scholar
Kuusikko S, Haapsamo H, Jansson-Verkasalo E, Hurtig T, Mattila ML, Ebeling H, et al. Emotion recognition in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders. J Autism Dev Disord 2009;39:938-45.KuusikkoSHaapsamoH, Jansson-VerkasaloEHurtigTMattilaMLEbelingH. Emotion recognition in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders. J Autism Dev Disord2009;39:938-45.10.1007/s10803-009-0700-019205857Search in Google Scholar
Moaddel M. The birthplace of the Arab spring: values and perceptions of Tunisians and a comparative assessment of Egyptian, Iraqi, Lebanese, Pakistani, Saudi, Tunisian, and Turkish publics. Retrieved from: http://mevs.org/files/tmp/Tunisia_FinalReport.pdf;2013.MoaddelM.The birthplace of the Arab spring: values and perceptions of Tunisians and a comparative assessment of Egyptian, Iraqi, Lebanese, Pakistani, Saudi, Tunisian, and Turkish publics. Retrieved from: http://mevs.org/files/tmp/Tunisia_FinalReport.pdf;2013Search in Google Scholar
Boraston Z, Blakemore S-J, Chilvers R, Skuse D. Impaired sadness recognition is linked to social interaction deficit in autism. Neuropsychologia 2007;45:1501-10.BorastonZBlakemoreS-JChilversRSkuseD.Impaired sadness recognition is linked to social interaction deficit in autism. Neuropsychologia2007;45:1501-10.10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2006.11.01017196998Search in Google Scholar
Dalton KM, Nacewicz BM, Johnstone T, Schaefer HS, Gernsbacher MA, Goldsmith HH, et al. Gaze fixation and the neural circuitry of face processing in autism. Nat Neurosci 2005;8:519-26.DaltonKMNacewiczBMJohnstoneTSchaeferHSGernsbacherMAGoldsmithHH. Gaze fixation and the neural circuitry of face processing in autism. Nat Neurosci2005;8:519-26.10.1038/nn1421433778715750588Search in Google Scholar
Klin A, Jones W, Schultz R, Volkmar F, Cohen D. Visual fixation patterns during viewing of naturalistic social situations as predictors of social competence in individuals with autism. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2002;59:809-16.KlinAJonesWSchultzRVolkmarFCohenD.Visual fixation patterns during viewing of naturalistic social situations as predictors of social competence in individuals with autism. Arch Gen Psychiatry2002;59:809-16.10.1001/archpsyc.59.9.80912215080Search in Google Scholar
Pelphrey KA, Sasson NJ, Reznick JS, Paul G, Goldman BD, Piven J. Visual scanning of faces in autism. J Autism Dev Disord 2002;32:249-61.PelphreyKASassonNJReznickJSPaulGGoldmanBDPivenJ.Visual scanning of faces in autism. J Autism Dev Disord2002;32:249-61.10.1023/A:1016374617369Search in Google Scholar
Yi L, Fan Y, Quinn PC, Feng C, Huang D, Li J, et al. Abnormality in face scanning by children with autism spectrum disorder is limited to the eye region: Evidence from multi-method analyses of eye tracking data. J Vis 2012;13:5.YiLFanYQuinnPCFengCHuangDLiJ. Abnormality in face scanning by children with autism spectrum disorder is limited to the eye region: Evidence from multi-method analyses of eye tracking data. J Vis2012;13:5.10.1167/13.10.5373940723929830Search in Google Scholar
Wieckowski AT, White SW. Eye-Gaze analysis of facial emotion recognition and expression in adolescents with ASD. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol 2017;46:110-124.WieckowskiATWhiteSW.Eye-Gaze analysis of facial emotion recognition and expression in adolescents with ASD. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol2017;46:110-124.10.1080/15374416.2016.120492427654330Search in Google Scholar
Dimberg U, Petterson M. Facial reactions to happy and angry facial expressions: evidence for right hemisphere dominance. Psychophysiology 2000;37:693-6.DimbergUPettersonM.Facial reactions to happy and angry facial expressions: evidence for right hemisphere dominance. Psychophysiology2000;37:693-6.10.1111/1469-8986.3750693Search in Google Scholar
Dimberg U, Thunberg M. Rapid facial reactions to emotional facial expressions. Scand J Psychol 1998;39:39-45.DimbergUThunbergM.Rapid facial reactions to emotional facial expressions. Scand J Psychol1998;39:39-45.10.1111/1467-9450.000549619131Search in Google Scholar
Smith ML, Cottrell GW, Gosselin F, Schyns PG. Transmitting and decoding facial expressions. Psychol Sci 2005;16:184-9.SmithMLCottrellGWGosselinFSchynsPG.Transmitting and decoding facial expressions. Psychol Sci2005;16:184-9.10.1111/j.0956-7976.2005.00801.x15733197Search in Google Scholar
Guarnera M, Hichy Z, Cascio MI, Carrubba S. Facial expressions and ability to recognize emotions from eyes or mouth in children. Eur J Psychol 2015;11:183-96.GuarneraMHichyZCascioMICarrubbaS.Facial expressions and ability to recognize emotions from eyes or mouth in children. Eur J Psychol2015;11:183-96.10.5964/ejop.v11i2.890487310527247651Search in Google Scholar
Scheller E, Büchel C, Gamer M. Diagnostic features of emotional expressions are processed preferentially. PLoS One 2012;7:e41792.SchellerE, BüchelCGamerM.Diagnostic features of emotional expressions are processed preferentially. PLoS One2012;7:e41792.10.1371/journal.pone.0041792340501122848607Search in Google Scholar
Wegrzyn M, Vogt M, Kireclioglu B, Schneider J, Kissler J. Mapping the emotional face: how individual face parts contribute to successful emotion recognition. PLoS One 2017;12:e0177239.WegrzynMVogtMKirecliogluBSchneiderJKisslerJ.Mapping the emotional face: how individual face parts contribute to successful emotion recognition. PLoS One2017;12:e0177239.10.1371/journal.pone.0177239542671528493921Search in Google Scholar
Evers K, Steyaert J, Noens I, Wagemans J. Reduced recognition of dynamic facial emotional expressions and emotion-specific response bias in children with an autism spectrum disorder. J Autism Dev Disord 2015;45:1774-84.EversKSteyaertJNoensIWagemansJ.Reduced recognition of dynamic facial emotional expressions and emotion-specific response bias in children with an autism spectrum disorder. J Autism Dev Disord2015;45:1774-84.10.1007/s10803-014-2337-x25563453Search in Google Scholar
Braverman M, Fein D, Lucci D, Waterhouse L. Affect comprehension in children with pervasive developmental disorders. J Autism Dev Disord 1989;19:301-16.BravermanMFeinDLucciDWaterhouseL.Affect comprehension in children with pervasive developmental disorders. J Autism Dev Disord1989;19:301-16.10.1007/BF022118482745394Search in Google Scholar
Xavier J, Vignaud V, Ruggiero R, Bodeau N, Cohen D, Chaby L. A multidimensional approach to the study of emotion recognition in Autism spectrum disorders. Front Psychol 2015;6:1954.XavierJVignaudVRuggieroRBodeauNCohenDChabyL.A multidimensional approach to the study of emotion recognition in Autism spectrum disorders. Front Psychol2015;6:1954.10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01954468980126733928Search in Google Scholar
Vlamings PH, Jonkman LM, Kemner C. An eye for detail: an event-related potential study of the rapid processing of fearful facial expressions in children. Child Dev 2010;81:1304-19.VlamingsPHJonkmanLMKemnerC.An eye for detail: an event-related potential study of the rapid processing of fearful facial expressions in children. Child Dev2010;81:1304-19.10.1111/j.1467-8624.2010.01470.x20636697Search in Google Scholar
Koh HC, Milne E. Evidence for a cultural influence on field independence in ASD. J Autism Dev Disord 2012;42:181-90.KohHCMilneE.Evidence for a cultural influence on field independence in ASD.J Autism Dev Disord2012;42:181-90.10.1007/s10803-011-1232-y21455794Search in Google Scholar
Elsheikh S, Kuusikko-Gauffin S, Mattila ML, Jussila K, Ebeling H, Loukusa S, et al. Neuropsychological performance of Finnish and Egyptian children with autism spectrum disorder. Int J Circumpolar Health 2016;75:29681.ElsheikhSKuusikko-GauffinSMattilaMLJussilaKEbelingHLoukusaS. Neuropsychological performance of Finnish and Egyptian children with autism spectrum disorder. Int J Circumpolar Health2016;75:29681.10.3402/ijch.v75.29681473403226829278Search in Google Scholar
Chung KM, Jung W, Yang J, Ben-Itzchak E, Zachary DA, Furniss F, et al. Cross cultural differences in challenging of children with autism spectrum disorders: an international examination between Israel, South Korea, the United Kingdom, and the United States of America. Res Autism Spectr Disord 2012;6:881-9.ChungKMJungWYangJBen-ItzchakEZacharyDAFurnissF. Cross cultural differences in challenging of children with autism spectrum disorders: an international examination between Israel, South Korea, the United Kingdom, and the United States of America. Res Autism Spectr Disord2012;6:881-9.10.1016/j.rasd.2011.03.016Search in Google Scholar
Zachor D, Yang JW, Itzchak EB, Furniss F, Pegg E, Matson JL, et al. Cross-cultural differences in comorbid symptoms of children with autism spectrum disorders: an international examination between Israel, South Korea, the United Kingdom and United States of America. Dev Neurorehabil 2011;14:215-20.ZachorDYangJWItzchakEBFurnissFPeggEMatsonJL. Cross-cultural differences in comorbid symptoms of children with autism spectrum disorders: an international examination between Israel, South Korea, the United Kingdom and United States of America. Dev Neurorehabil2011;14:215-20.10.3109/17518423.2011.56846821513465Search in Google Scholar
Tomkins SS, McCarter R. What and where are the primary affects: some evidence for a theory. Percept Mot Skills 1964;18:119-58.TomkinsSSMcCarterR.What and where are the primary affects: some evidence for a theory. Percept Mot Skills1964;18:119-58.10.2466/pms.1964.18.1.11914116322Search in Google Scholar
Crick NR, Dodge KA. A review and reformulation of social information-processing mechanisms in children’s social adjustment. Psychol Bull 1994;115:74-101.CrickNRDodgeKA.A review and reformulation of social information-processing mechanisms in children’s social adjustment. Psychol Bull1994;115:74-101.10.1037/0033-2909.115.1.74Search in Google Scholar
Nasby W, Hayden B, DePaulo BM. Attributional bias among aggressive boys to interpret unambiguous social stimuli as hostile displays. J Abnorm Psychol 1980;89:459-68.NasbyWHaydenBDePauloBM.Attributional bias among aggressive boys to interpret unambiguous social stimuli as hostile displays. J Abnorm Psychol1980;89:459-68.10.1037/0021-843X.89.3.459Search in Google Scholar
Schultz D, Izard CE, Ackerman BP. Children’s anger attribution bias: Relations to family environment and social adjustment. Soc Dev 2000;9:284-301.SchultzDIzardCEAckermanBP.Children’s anger attribution bias: Relations to family environment and social adjustment. Soc Dev2000;9:284-301.10.1111/1467-9507.00126Search in Google Scholar
Matsumoto D. American-Japanese cultural differences in the recognition of universal facial expressions. J Cross Cult Psychol 1992;23:72-84.MatsumotoD.American-Japanese cultural differences in the recognition of universal facial expressions. J Cross Cult Psychol1992;23:72-84.10.1177/0022022192231005Search in Google Scholar
Yafai A-F, Verrier D, Reidy L. Social conformity and autism spectrum disorder: a child-friendly take on a classic study. Autism 2014;18:1007-13.YafaiA-FVerrierDReidyL.Social conformity and autism spectrum disorder: a child-friendly take on a classic study. Autism2014;18:1007-13.10.1177/136236131350802324126871Search in Google Scholar
Barth JM, Bastiani A. A longitudinal study of emotion recognition and preschool children’s social behavior. Merrill-Palmer Q 1997;43:107-28.BarthJMBastianiA.A longitudinal study of emotion recognition and preschool children’s social behavior. Merrill-Palmer Q1997;43:107-28.Search in Google Scholar
Eack SM, Mazefsky CA, Minshew NJ. Misinterpretation of facial expressions of emotion in verbal adults with autism spectrum disorder. Autism 2015;19:308-15.EackSMMazefskyCAMinshewNJ.Misinterpretation of facial expressions of emotion in verbal adults with autism spectrum disorder. Autism2015;19:308-15.10.1177/1362361314520755413502424535689Search in Google Scholar
Jones CR, Pickles A, Falcaro M, Marsden AJ, Happé F, Scott SK, et al. A multimodal approach to emotion recognition ability in autism spectrum disorders. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2011;52:275–85.JonesCRPicklesAFalcaroMMarsdenAJHappéFScottSK. A multimodal approach to emotion recognition ability in autism spectrum disorders. J Child Psychol Psychiatry2011;52:275–85.10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02328.x20955187Search in Google Scholar
Wallace GL, Case LK, Harms MB, Silvers JA, Kenworthy L, Martin A. diminished sensitivity to sad facial expressions in high functioning autism spectrum disorders is associated with symptomatology and adaptive functioning. J Autism Dev Disord 2011;41:1475-86.WallaceGLCaseLKHarmsMBSilversJAKenworthyLMartinA.diminished sensitivity to sad facial expressions in high functioning autism spectrum disorders is associated with symptomatology and adaptive functioning. J Autism Dev Disord2011;41:1475-86.10.1007/s10803-010-1170-0344848621347615Search in Google Scholar
Wechsler D. Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, 3rd ed (WISC-III). New York, NY: Psychological Corporation; 1991.WechslerD.Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, 3rd ed (WISC-III). New York, NY: Psychological Corporation; 1991.Search in Google Scholar
Mattila ML, Kielinen M, Jussila K, Linna SL, Bloigu R, Ebeling H, et al. An epidemiological and diagnostic study of Asperger syndrome according to four sets of diagnostic criteria. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2007;46:636-46.MattilaMLKielinenMJussilaKLinnaSLBloiguREbelingH. An epidemiological and diagnostic study of Asperger syndrome according to four sets of diagnostic criteria. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry2007;46:636-46.10.1097/chi.0b013e318033ff4217450055Search in Google Scholar
Weiss LA, Arking DE; Gene Discovery Project of Johns Hopkins & the Autism Consortium, Daly MJ, Chakravarti A. A genome-wide linkage and association scan reveals novel loci for autism. Nature 2009;461:802-8.WeissLAArkingDE; Gene Discovery Project of Johns Hopkins & the Autism ConsortiumDalyMJChakravartiA.A genome-wide linkage and association scan reveals novel loci for autism. Nature2009;461:802-8.10.1038/nature08490277265519812673Search in Google Scholar
Kuusikko S, Pollock-Wurman R, Ebeling H, Hurtig T, Joskitt L, Mattila ML, et al. Psychometric Evaluation of Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory for Children (SPAI-C) and Social Anxiety Scale for Children-Revised (SASC-R). Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2009;18:116-24.KuusikkoSPollock-WurmanREbelingHHurtigTJoskittLMattilaML. Psychometric Evaluation of Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory for Children (SPAI-C) and Social Anxiety Scale for Children-Revised (SASC-R). Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry2009;18:116-24.10.1007/s00787-008-0712-x18807111Search in Google Scholar
Lord C, Rutter M, Le Couter A. Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised, 3rd ed. Los Angeles, Western psychological services: 1995.LordCRutterMLe CouterA.Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised, 3rd ed.Los Angeles, Western psychological services: 1995.10.1037/t18128-000Search in Google Scholar
Lord C, Rutter M, DiLavore PC, Risi S. Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS). Manual. 3rd ed. Los Angeles, CA: Western psychological services; 2003.LordCRutterMDiLavorePCRisiS.Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS). Manual.3rd ed.Los Angeles, CA: Western psychological services; 2003.Search in Google Scholar
Ehlers S, Gillberg C, Wing L. A screening questionnaire for Asperger syndrome and other high-functioning autism spectrum disorders in school age children. J Autism Dev Disord 1999;29:129-41.EhlersSGillbergCWingL.A screening questionnaire for Asperger syndrome and other high-functioning autism spectrum disorders in school age children. J Autism Dev Disord1999;29:129-41.10.1023/A:1023040610384Search in Google Scholar
Mattila ML, Jussila K, Linna SL, Kielinen M, Bloigu R, Kuusikko-Gauffin S, et al. Validation of the Finnish Autism Spectrum Screening Questionnaire (ASSQ) for clinical settings and total population screening. J Autism Dev Disord. 2012;42:2162-80.MattilaMLJussilaKLinnaSLKielinenMBloiguRKuusikko-GauffinS. Validation of the Finnish Autism Spectrum Screening Questionnaire (ASSQ) for clinical settings and total population screening. J Autism Dev Disord.2012;42:2162-80.10.1007/s10803-012-1464-522461223Search in Google Scholar
Bölte S, Feines-Matthews S, Leber S, Dierks T, Hubl D, Poustka F. The development and evaluation of a computer-based program to test and to teach the recognition of facial affect. Int J Circumpolar Health 2002;61:61-8.BölteS, Feines-MatthewsSLeberSDierksTHublDPoustkaF.The development and evaluation of a computer-based program to test and to teach the recognition of facial affect. Int J Circumpolar Health2002;61:61-8.10.3402/ijch.v61i0.1750312585821Search in Google Scholar
OECD. Learning for tomorrow’s world. First results from PISA 2003. Paris: OECD; 2004.OECD. Learning for tomorrow’s world. First results from PISA 2003. Paris: OECD; 2004.Search in Google Scholar
