This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, fifth edition (DSM-5). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Association; 2013.American Psychiatric Association. . Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Association; 2013.10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596Search in Google Scholar
Coltheart M, Langdon R, Mckay R. Delusional belief. Ann Rev Psychology 2011;62:271-298.ColtheartMLangdonRMckayR. Delusional belief. 2011;62:271-298.10.1146/annurev.psych.121208.13162220731601Search in Google Scholar
Maj M. Delusions in major depressive disorder: Recommendations for the DSM-V. Psychopathology 2008;41(1):1-3.MajM. Delusions in major depressive disorder: Recommendations for the DSM-V. 2008;41(1):1-3.10.1159/00010994817952014Search in Google Scholar
Jaspers K. General psychopathology. Chicago: University of Chicago Press;1968.JaspersK. . Chicago: University of Chicago Press;1968.Search in Google Scholar
Broome MR. The Maudsley reader in phenomenological psychiatry. Cambridge, New York: Cambridge University Press; 2012.BroomeMR. . Cambridge, New York: Cambridge University Press; 2012.Search in Google Scholar
Kretschmer E, Kretschmer W. Der sensitive Beziehungswahn/Ein Beitrag zur Paranoiafrage und zur psychiatrischen Charakterlehre. (4th ed)., e Berlin/New York: Springer-Verlag; 1966.KretschmerEKretschmerW. . (4th ed)., e Berlin/New York: Springer-Verlag; 1966.Search in Google Scholar
Bleuler E. Textbook of psychiatry. New York: Arno Press; 1976.BleulerE. . New York: Arno Press; 1976.Search in Google Scholar
Schneider K. Clinical psychopathology. New York: Grune & Stratton; 1959.SchneiderK. . New York: Grune & Stratton; 1959.Search in Google Scholar
Freud S. The Schreber case. New York: Penguin Books; 2003.FreudS. . New York: Penguin Books; 2003.Search in Google Scholar
Fenichel O. Outline of clinical psychoanalysis. New York: The Psychoanalytic Quarterly Press; 1934.FenichelO. . New York: The Psychoanalytic Quarterly Press; 1934.10.1080/21674086.1934.11925200Search in Google Scholar
Jung CG. Memories, dreams, reflections. New York: Pantheon Books; 1963.JungCG. . New York: Pantheon Books; 1963.Search in Google Scholar
Lucas R. The psychotic wavelength: a psychoanalytic perspective for psychiatry. London/New York: Routledge; 2009.LucasR. . London/New York: Routledge; 2009.Search in Google Scholar
Ratcliffe M. Phenomenology as a form of empathy. Inquiry 2012;55(5):473-495.RatcliffeM. Phenomenology as a form of empathy. 2012;55(5):473-495.10.1080/0020174X.2012.716196Search in Google Scholar
Read J, van Os J, Morrison AP, Ross CA. Childhood trauma, psychosis and schizophrenia: a literature review with theoretical and clinical implications. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2005;112(5):330-350.ReadJvan OsJMorrisonAPRossCA. Childhood trauma, psychosis and schizophrenia: a literature review with theoretical and clinical implications. 2005;112(5):330-350.10.1111/j.1600-0447.2005.00634.x16223421Search in Google Scholar
Read J, Argyle N. Hallucinations, delusions, and thought disorder among adult psychiatric inpatients with a history of child abuse. Psychiatr Serv 1999;50(11):1467-1472.ReadJArgyleN. Hallucinations, delusions, and thought disorder among adult psychiatric inpatients with a history of child abuse. 1999;50(11):1467-1472.10.1176/ps.50.11.146710543857Search in Google Scholar
Larkin W, Morrison AP. Trauma and psychosis: new directions for theory and therapy. London/New York: Routledge; 2006.LarkinWMorrisonAP. . London/New York: Routledge; 2006.Search in Google Scholar
Escher S, Romme M, Buiks A, Delespaul P, van Os J. Formation of delusional ideation in adolescents hearing voices: a prospective study. Am J Med Genet 2002;114(8):913-920.EscherSRommeMBuiksADelespaulPvan OsJ. Formation of delusional ideation in adolescents hearing voices: a prospective study. 2002;114(8):913-920.10.1002/ajmg.1020312457385Search in Google Scholar
Maher BA. The relationship between delusions and hallucinations. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2006;8(3):179-183.MaherBA. The relationship between delusions and hallucinations. 2006;8(3):179-183.10.1007/s11920-006-0021-319817067Search in Google Scholar
Garety PA, Freeman D. The past and future of delusions research: from the inexplicable to the treatable. Br J Psychiatry 2013;203(5):327-333.GaretyPAFreemanD. The past and future of delusions research: from the inexplicable to the treatable. 2013;203(5):327-333.10.1192/bjp.bp.113.12695324187067Search in Google Scholar
Broome MR, Woolley JB, Tabraham P, et al. What causes the onset of psychosis? Schizophr Res 2005;79(1):23-34.BroomeMRWoolleyJBTabrahamP. What causes the onset of psychosis?2005;79(1):23-34.10.1016/j.schres.2005.02.00716198238Search in Google Scholar
Freeman D. Improving cognitive treatments for delusions. Schizophr Res 2011;132(2-3):135-9.FreemanD. Improving cognitive treatments for delusions. 2011;132(2-3):135-9.10.1016/j.schres.2011.08.01221907546Search in Google Scholar
Hardy A, Fowler D, Freeman D, et al. Trauma and hallucinatory experience in psychosis. J Nerv Ment Dis 2005;193(8):501-7.HardyAFowlerDFreemanD. Trauma and hallucinatory experience in psychosis. 2005;193(8):501-7.10.1097/01.nmd.0000172480.56308.2116082293Search in Google Scholar
Romme M, Escher S. Hearing voices. BMJ 1994;309(6955):670.RommeMEscherS. Hearing voices. 1994;309(6955):670.10.1136/bmj.309.6955.670a25414638087011Search in Google Scholar
Romme MA, Escher AD. Hearing voices. Schizophre Bull 1989;15(2):209-216.RommeMAEscherAD. Hearing voices. 1989;15(2):209-216.10.1093/schbul/15.2.2092749184Search in Google Scholar
Falukozi E, Addington J. Impact of trauma on attenuated psychotic symptoms. Psychosis 2012;4(3):203-212.FalukoziEAddingtonJ. Impact of trauma on attenuated psychotic symptoms. 2012;4(3):203-212.10.1080/17522439.2011.626867Search in Google Scholar
Jaspers K. The phenomenological approach in psychopathology. Br J Psychiatry 1968;114(516):1313-1323.JaspersK. The phenomenological approach in psychopathology. 1968;114(516):1313-1323.10.1192/bjp.114.516.13135702272Search in Google Scholar
Kaufman J, Birmaher B, Brent D, et al. Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Present and Lifetime version (K-SADS-PL): initial reliability and validity data. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1997;36(7):980-8.KaufmanJBirmaherBBrentD. Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Present and Lifetime version (K-SADS-PL): initial reliability and validity data. 1997;36(7):980-8.10.1097/00004583-199707000-000219204677Search in Google Scholar
Achenbach TM. Manual for the child behavior checklist/4-18 and 1991 profile. Burlington, VT: Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont; 1991.AchenbachTM. . Burlington, VT: Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont; 1991.Search in Google Scholar
Brown GW, Harris TO. Life events and illness. New York: Guilford Press; 1989.BrownGWHarrisTO. . New York: Guilford Press; 1989.Search in Google Scholar
Alsaker FD. Annotation: the impact of puberty. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 1996;37(3):249-258.AlsakerFD. Annotation: the impact of puberty. 1996;37(3):249-258.10.1111/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01403.x8707909Search in Google Scholar
Silverman D, Marvasti AB. Doing qualitative research: a comprehensive guide. Los Angeles: SAGE Publications; 2008.SilvermanDMarvastiAB. . Los Angeles: SAGE Publications; 2008.Search in Google Scholar
Bentall RP, Wickham S, Shevlin M, Varese F. Do specific early-life adversities lead to specific symptoms of psychosis? A study from the 2007 the adult psychiatric morbidity survey. Schizophr Bull 2012;38(4):734-740.BentallRPWickhamSShevlinMVareseF. Do specific early-life adversities lead to specific symptoms of psychosis? A study from the 2007 the adult psychiatric morbidity survey. 2012;38(4):734-740.10.1093/schbul/sbs049340652522496540Search in Google Scholar
Varese F, Smeets F, Drukker M, et al. Childhood adversities increase the risk of psychosis: a meta-analysis of patient-control, prospective-and cross-sectional cohort studies. Schizophr Bull 2012;38(4):661-671.VareseFSmeetsFDrukkerM. Childhood adversities increase the risk of psychosis: a meta-analysis of patient-control, prospective-and cross-sectional cohort studies. 2012;38(4):661-671.10.1093/schbul/sbs050340653822461484Search in Google Scholar
Arseneault L, Cannon M, Fisher HL, Polanczyk G, Moffitt TE, Caspi A. Childhood trauma and children's emerging psychotic symptoms: a genetically sensitive longitudinal cohort study. Am J Psychiatry 2011;168(1):65-72.ArseneaultLCannonMFisherHLPolanczykGMoffittTECaspiA. Childhood trauma and children's emerging psychotic symptoms: a genetically sensitive longitudinal cohort study. 2011;168(1):65-72.10.1176/appi.ajp.2010.10040567353605320952460Search in Google Scholar
Bendall S, Jackson HJ, Hulbert CA, McGorry PD. Childhood trauma and psychotic disorders: a systematic, critical review of the evidence. Schizophr Bull 2008;34(3):568-579.BendallSJacksonHJHulbertCAMcGorryPD. Childhood trauma and psychotic disorders: a systematic, critical review of the evidence. 2008;34(3):568-579.10.1093/schbul/sbm121263242118003630Search in Google Scholar
Kelleher I, Keeley H, Corcoran P, et al. Childhood trauma and psychosis in a prospective cohort study: cause, effect, and directionality. Am J Psychiatry 2013;170(7):734-741.KelleherIKeeleyHCorcoranP. Childhood trauma and psychosis in a prospective cohort study: cause, effect, and directionality. 2013;170(7):734-741.10.1176/appi.ajp.2012.1209116923599019Search in Google Scholar
Larkin W, Read J. Childhood trauma and psychosis: Evidence, pathways, and implications. J Postgrad Med. 2008;54(4):287-293.LarkinWReadJ. Childhood trauma and psychosis: Evidence, pathways, and implications. . 2008;54(4):287-293.10.4103/0022-3859.4143718953148Search in Google Scholar
Thompson JL, Kelly M, Kimhy D, et al. Childhood trauma and prodromal symptoms among individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis. Schizophr Res 2009;108(1-3):176-181.ThompsonJLKellyMKimhyD. Childhood trauma and prodromal symptoms among individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis. 2009;108(1-3):176-181.10.1016/j.schres.2008.12.005269966719174322Search in Google Scholar
Bebbington PE, Bhugra D, Brugha T, et al. Psychosis, victimisation and childhood disadvantage: evidence from the second British national survey of psychiatric morbidity. Br J Psychiatry 2004;185:220-6.BebbingtonPEBhugraDBrughaT. Psychosis, victimisation and childhood disadvantage: evidence from the second British national survey of psychiatric morbidity. 2004;185:220-6.10.1192/bjp.185.3.22015339826Search in Google Scholar
Raune D, Bebbington P, Dunn G, Kuipers E. Event attributes and the content of psychotic experiences in first-episode psychosis. Psychol Med 2006;36(2):221-230.RauneDBebbingtonPDunnGKuipersE. Event attributes and the content of psychotic experiences in first-episode psychosis. 2006;36(2):221-230.10.1017/S003329170500615X16336724Search in Google Scholar
Morrison AP, Frame L, Larkin W. Relationships between trauma and psychosis: a review and integration. Br J Clin Psychol 2003;42:331-353.MorrisonAPFrameLLarkinW. Relationships between trauma and psychosis: a review and integration. 2003;42:331-353.10.1348/01446650332252889214633411Search in Google Scholar
Freeman D, Garety PA, Kuipers E, Fowler D, Bebbington PE. A cognitive model of persecutory delusions. Br J Clin Psychol 2002;41(Pt 4):331-347.FreemanDGaretyPAKuipersEFowlerDBebbingtonPE. A cognitive model of persecutory delusions. 2002;41(Pt 4):331-347.10.1348/01446650276038746112437789Search in Google Scholar
Freeman D, Garety PA. Connecting neurosis and psychosis: the direct influence of emotion on delusions and hallucinations. Behav Res Ther 2003;41(8):923-947.FreemanDGaretyPA. Connecting neurosis and psychosis: the direct influence of emotion on delusions and hallucinations. 2003;41(8):923-947.10.1016/S0005-7967(02)00104-3Search in Google Scholar
Schulze K, Freeman D, Green C, Kuipers E. Intrusive mental imagery in patients with persecutory delusions. Behav Res Ther 2013;51(1):7-14.SchulzeKFreemanDGreenCKuipersE. Intrusive mental imagery in patients with persecutory delusions. 2013;51(1):7-14.10.1016/j.brat.2012.10.002Search in Google Scholar
Garety PA, Kuipers E, Fowler D, Freeman D, Bebbington PE. A cognitive model of the positive symptoms of psychosis. Psychol Med 2001;31(2):189-195.GaretyPAKuipersEFowlerDFreemanDBebbingtonPE. A cognitive model of the positive symptoms of psychosis. 2001;31(2):189-195.10.1017/S0033291701003312Search in Google Scholar
Freeman D, Garety P, Fowler D, et al. The London-East Anglia randomized controlled trial of cognitive-behaviour therapy for psychosis. IV: self-esteem and persecutory delusions. Br J Clin Psychol 1998;37 (Pt 4):415-430.FreemanDGaretyPFowlerD. The London-East Anglia randomized controlled trial of cognitive-behaviour therapy for psychosis. IV: self-esteem and persecutory delusions. 1998;37 (Pt 4):415-430.10.1111/j.2044-8260.1998.tb01399.xSearch in Google Scholar
Harris T. Recent developments in the study of life events in relation to psychiatric and physical disorders. In: Cooper B (ed). Epidemiology of psychistric disorders. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press; 1987. p. 81-102.HarrisT. Recent developments in the study of life events in relation to psychiatric and physical disorders. In: CooperB (ed). . Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press; 1987. p. 81-102.10.1201/9781003134831-8Search in Google Scholar
Bentall RP, Corcoran R, Howard R, Blackwood N, Kinderman P. Persecutory delusions: A review and theoretical integration. Clin Psychol Rev 2001;21(8):1143-1192BentallRPCorcoranRHowardRBlackwoodNKindermanP. Persecutory delusions: A review and theoretical integration. 2001;21(8):1143-119210.1016/S0272-7358(01)00106-4Search in Google Scholar
Kumpulainen K. Psychiatric conditions associated with bullying. Int J Adolesc Med Health 2008;20(2):121-132.KumpulainenK. Psychiatric conditions associated with bullying. 2008;20(2):121-132.10.1515/IJAMH.2008.20.2.121Search in Google Scholar
Copeland WE, Wolke D, Angold A, Costello EJ. Adult psychiatric outcomes of bullying and being bullied by peers in childhood and adolescence. JAMA Psychiatry 2013;70(4):419-426.CopelandWEWolkeDAngoldACostelloEJ. Adult psychiatric outcomes of bullying and being bullied by peers in childhood and adolescence. 2013;70(4):419-426.10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2013.504361858423426798Search in Google Scholar
Arseneault L, Bowes L, Shakoor S. Bullying victimization in youths and mental health problems: ’much ado about nothing’? Psychol Med 2010;40(5):717-729.ArseneaultLBowesLShakoorS. Bullying victimization in youths and mental health problems: ’much ado about nothing’?2010;40(5):717-729.10.1017/S003329170999138319785920Search in Google Scholar
Kaltiala-Heino R, Rimpela M, Marttunen M, Rimpela A, Rantanen P. Bullying, depression, and suicidal ideation in Finnish adolescents: school survey. BMJ 1999;319(7206):348-351.Kaltiala-HeinoRRimpelaMMarttunenMRimpelaARantanenP. Bullying, depression, and suicidal ideation in Finnish adolescents: school survey. 1999;319(7206):348-351.10.1136/bmj.319.7206.3482818710435954Search in Google Scholar
Kim YS, Koh YJ, Leventhal B. School bullying and suicidal risk in Korean middle school students. Pediatrics 2005;115(2):357-363.KimYSKohYJLeventhalB. School bullying and suicidal risk in Korean middle school students. 2005;115(2):357-363.10.1542/peds.2004-090215687445Search in Google Scholar
Luukkonen AH, Riala K, Hakko H, Rasanen P, Study-70 workgroup. Bullying behaviour and substance abuse among underage psychiatric inpatient adolescents. Eur Psychiatry 2010;25(7):382-9.LuukkonenAHRialaKHakkoHRasanenP, Study-70 workgroup. Bullying behaviour and substance abuse among underage psychiatric inpatient adolescents. 2010;25(7):382-9.10.1016/j.eurpsy.2009.12.00220435448Search in Google Scholar
Meltzer H, Vostanis P, Ford T, Bebbington P, Dennis MS. Victims of bullying in childhood and suicide attempts in adulthood. European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists. 2011;26(8):498-503.MeltzerHVostanisPFordTBebbingtonPDennisMS. Victims of bullying in childhood and suicide attempts in adulthood. . 2011;26(8):498-503.10.1016/j.eurpsy.2010.11.00621310592Search in Google Scholar
Gladstone GL, Parker GB, Malhi GS. Do bullied children become anxious and depressed adults?: A cross-sectional investigation of the correlates of bullying and anxious depression. J Nerv Ment Disease 2006;194(3):201-8.GladstoneGLParkerGBMalhiGS. Do bullied children become anxious and depressed adults?: A cross-sectional investigation of the correlates of bullying and anxious depression. 2006;194(3):201-8.10.1097/01.nmd.0000202491.99719.c316534438Search in Google Scholar
Addington J, Stowkowy J, Cadenhead KS, et al. Early traumatic experiences in those at clinical high risk for psychosis. Early Interv Psychiatry 2013;7(3):300-5.AddingtonJStowkowyJCadenheadKS. Early traumatic experiences in those at clinical high risk for psychosis. 2013;7(3):300-5.10.1111/eip.12020375443623343384Search in Google Scholar
Campbell ML, Morrison AP. The relationship between bullying, psychotic-like experiences and appraisals in 14-16-year olds. Behav Res Ther 2007;45(7):1579-1591.CampbellMLMorrisonAP. The relationship between bullying, psychotic-like experiences and appraisals in 14-16-year olds. 2007;45(7):1579-1591.10.1016/j.brat.2006.11.00917229400Search in Google Scholar
Kelleher I, Harley M, Lynch F, Arseneault L, Fitzpatrick C, Cannon M. Associations between childhood trauma, bullying and psychotic symptoms among a school-based adolescent sample. Br J Psychiatry 2008;193(5):378-382.KelleherIHarleyMLynchFArseneaultLFitzpatrickCCannonM. Associations between childhood trauma, bullying and psychotic symptoms among a school-based adolescent sample. 2008;193(5):378-382.10.1192/bjp.bp.108.04953618978317Search in Google Scholar
Mackie CJ, O'Leary-Barrett M, Al-Khudhairy N, et al. Adolescent bullying, cannabis use and emerging psychotic experiences: a longitudinal general population study. Psychol Med 2013;43(5):1033-1044.MackieCJO'Leary-BarrettMAl-KhudhairyN. Adolescent bullying, cannabis use and emerging psychotic experiences: a longitudinal general population study. 2013;43(5):1033-1044.10.1017/S003329171200205X23171473Search in Google Scholar
Trotta A, Di Forti M, Mondelli V, et al. Prevalence of bullying victimisation amongst first-episode psychosis patients and unaffected controls. Schizophr Res 2013;150(1):169-175.TrottaADi FortiMMondelliV. Prevalence of bullying victimisation amongst first-episode psychosis patients and unaffected controls. 2013;150(1):169-175.10.1016/j.schres.2013.07.001382566123891482Search in Google Scholar
van Dam DS, van der Ven E, Velthorst E, Selten JP, Morgan C, de Haan L. Childhood bullying and the association with psychosis in non-clinical and clinical samples: a review and meta-analysis. Psychol Med 2012;42(12):2463-2474.van DamDSvan der VenEVelthorstESeltenJPMorganCde HaanL. Childhood bullying and the association with psychosis in non-clinical and clinical samples: a review and meta-analysis. 2012;42(12):2463-2474.10.1017/S003329171200036022400714Search in Google Scholar
Catone G, Marwaha S, Kuipers E, et al. Bullying victimisation and risk of psychotic phenomena: analyses of British national survey data. Lancet Psychiatry 2015;2(7):618-624.CatoneGMarwahaSKuipersE. Bullying victimisation and risk of psychotic phenomena: analyses of British national survey data. 2015;2(7):618-624.10.1016/S2215-0366(15)00055-3Search in Google Scholar
Lopes BC. Differences between victims of bullying and nonvictims on levels of paranoid ideation and persecutory symptoms, the presence of aggressive traits, the display of social anxiety and the recall of childhood abuse experiences in a Portuguese mixed clinical sample. Clin Psychol Psychother 2013;20(3):254-266.LopesBC. Differences between victims of bullying and nonvictims on levels of paranoid ideation and persecutory symptoms, the presence of aggressive traits, the display of social anxiety and the recall of childhood abuse experiences in a Portuguese mixed clinical sample. 2013;20(3):254-266.10.1002/cpp.80022144116Search in Google Scholar